Band 9, Heft 2

The industrial Supervising Control and Data Acquisition, referred by SCADA system, tends to improve its accuracy in detecting faults. In that, it uses fault diagnosis models based mostly on probabilistic methods with close uncertainties. These models are based on a subjective evaluation by comparing the obtained signal to its reference. Therefore, SCADA precision fault detection varies depending on the operation environment, system design and analysis approach among other factors. The contribution of this research work is to propose a smart strategy that will enrich and enhance failure recognition in SCADA systems by integrating two additional models into the classic technique. The first model is a SOM map reduce simple classifier and the second model is an evolutionary recurrent self-organizing neural filter for final decision-making. This integrated paradigm improves results accuracy and robustness against signal interference. The proposed idea involves best details around any remotely listed defect. This study has been conducted on Simulink-Matlab, through the analysis of multi signals emitted by sensors and received by corresponding antennas.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of different sensors attached to the same wireless medium. Sensor node data is usually forwarded to the base station, where it has been stored, evaluated, and processed. Ring Routing, a new energy-efficient distributed routing protocol aimed at larger-scale WSN applications with mobile sink and motionless sensor nodes. The structure ring is quickly converted, and they are capable of switching positions with regular nodes in a simple and effective manner, thereby minimizing the hotspot problem. In the network system, the central node is considered, and ring nodes with a certain distance are established while creating a ring structure. Since the sink nodes are powered by batteries, they deplete their batteries quicker than the other nodes, which is attributable to the accumulation of data traffic into the sink. Furthermore, when the ring configuration is disrupted due to ring node expiration, data transfer becomes tedious and causes significant delay. As a ring node starts to exhaust, its neighbor takes over as the ring node, and this selection of the regular node as the ring node is done optimally based on Multiple-Fitness Parameters such as Four-level energy consumption (4 En ), Distance (distance between the ring node and the regular node Dist ring  −  reg and distance between network centers to regular node ΔDistC−ring${\Delta}Dis{t}_{C-ring}$) and delay S . Moreover, this optimal selection of the regular node to act as ring node will be carried out by a new hybrid algorithm referred to as Cuckoo Search Updated Sealion’s Attacking Technique (CSUSAT) that combines the standard crow search and sea lion optimization algorithm. At last, the supremacy of the presented approach is proved over other models.

The study evaluate the utilization of an ultra supercapacitor as an energy storage unit effectively increase energy self-consumption in applications using microgrid renewable energy systems. Two scenarios were evaluated in this study: (scenario A) a photovoltaic and energy storage system; and (scenario B) a photovoltaic, energy storage, and wind turbine system. The systems analysis was conducted using experimental data for weather and load with a temporal precision of 1 min. The daily average of the electrical load profile was 5.0 kWh/day, with a maximum peak of 4.5 kW, and the annual energy consumption utilized to calculate the electrical load profile was 1859 kWh/year. The research indicates that charging the ultra supercapacitor only with renewable energy sources can greatly enhance self-consumption of energy. Using only six ultra supercapacitors (300 F–2.7 V/unit), the annual percentage of self-consumption increased from 37.01 to 46.65% and the percentage of self-sufficiency increased from 27.54 to 41.69% for scenario (A), and from 38.52 to 48.75% and the percentage of energy self-sufficiency increased from 33.50 to 49.87% for scenario (B). The research shows that by including tiny, rapid-response energy storage, the yearly averaged energy self-consumption for the investigated load rises in comparison to the system without energy storage, making it an attractive candidate for batteries.

Energy is at the center of most of the major challenges of our society, but equally at the center of the promising perspectives that the world is facing. In fact, the combination of wind, water and solar energy can replace depleting fossil fuels which produce greenhouse gases on the one hand, and on the other hand cover the entire energy needs of the planet. Solar energy is both clean and non-polluting, moreover it is one of the most popular solutions for households as an alternative to fossil fuels. Therefore, the use of photovoltaic systems reduces the energy supplied by the public grid and inevitably decreases the amount of the energy invoice in the long term. Due to the increase in the number of bachelor students in recent years, the Ibn Tofail University in Kenitra, Morocco, has been required to build new buildings and laboratories to ensure a good study environment for its students. This has led to an enormous increase in the electricity bill. In this context, our project aims to decrease the energy bill of the two institutions: National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) as well as National School of Commerce and Management (ENCG), by studying the technical and economic aspects of photovoltaic installations for self-consumption purposes, as well as the installation of solar streetlamps to improve the performance of nocturnal lighting. In addition, an initiation to the intelligent smart building concept that allows the centralized technical management of the installed equipment, and more precisely the DALI lighting protocol, was extended. Indeed, this system will allow us to control the consumption of the loads remotely and in real time for a better comfort and without neglecting the reduction of the energy bill.

The increasing demand for fossil fuels has led to an increase in their prices; therefore, the regenerative shock absorber (RSA) devices were designed in conjunction with the suspension system industry, in order to reduce the vibration produced whilst driving, which has become a major concern in automobile production. With regards to vehicle development, compared with the current technology, the subject matter of this paper has the following advantages: The current design relates to the RSAs for vehicles, which has an energy recovery function, a simple and new design, a longer life span, a low cost, and are lightweight. A 45° inclined long slot steering mechanism is used in this design to collect the vibration energy generated while driving the vehicle, improving the energy use rate and saving the amount of fuel that is consumed. The reciprocating linear motion in driving the vehicle is converted into a rotational movement. Peak efficiency of 50% and the average efficiency of 45% are demonstrated in the MATLAB system. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and restores energy vibration using a suspension shock absorber while driving, which improves energy use and provides greater comfort for passengers while the vehicle is in motion.

The increase in energy demand, increasingly expensive and part of a sustainable development approach, has highlighted the importance of energy efficiency. Indeed, opting for energy efficiency allows to fight against the dissipation of energy and its costs by means of an optimization in the use of energy sources. It is in this sense, that several countries including Morocco, and in order to reduce its energy bill, has opted for a national strategy of energy efficiency which aims to achieve an energy saving of about 20% by 2030 through a better use of energy in all areas of economic and social activity. The integration of energy efficiency and renewable energy techniques in the construction sector is one of the levers that will enable the country to meet its energy challenges and achieve its objectives in the fight against climate change. In this context, Ibn Tofail University has started to exploit the interesting potential of this energy efficiency campus wide. Our addresses the problem of increasing electricity bills at the National School of Applied Sciences of Kenitra (ENSAK) while seeking to develop long-term solutions for the resolution of this problem as well as opening up promising prospects that will better meet its needs. In order to minimize energy consumption at the National School of Applied Sciences, we studied the different types photovoltaic installations and elaborated a study of technical feasibility, financial profitability and environmental impact of potential self-consumption photovoltaic installations.

Background and Objectives : The occurrence of ferro resonance is a very complex phenomenon in power systems. In circuits including inductors and capacitors, if the value of zc  =  zl becomes, an intensification or resonance state is created in the circuit. In circuits and networks that have saturated inductors, nonlinear resonance or ferro resonance is created, Ferro resonance is a nonlinear resonance phenomenon that occurs between the network capacitor and the nonlinear inductance of the transformer during saturation. Ferro resonance at the main frequency and higher frequencies cause insulation problems and at low frequencies causes thermal problems. In the event of this phenomenon, the voltage range increases to a considerable extent and may also be distorted, which due to the structure of the winding connections in transformers can cause damage to electrical installations. Methods : In this paper, we study and simulate the phenomenon of ferro resonance and provide solutions such as using high resistance on the primary side of the transformer and the combination of resistors and inductors on the secondary side of the transformer to damp the ferro resonance in MATLAB software. Furthermore, the utilization of surge arresters is discussed in detail. Results : It is illuminated that utilization of suggested approaches has an acceptable reduction rate on the damping of ferro resonance fluctuations. Especially when using resistor and inductor simultaneously the fluctuations reduce and ferro resonance is damped immediately. Conclusion : It is important to pay attention to the transformer and the amount of capacitors in transmission lines, especially cable lines. Furthermore, asymmetric switching is another important factor. High resistance can reduce fluctuations but causes power losses in the circuit but using Resistance and inductor structure are able to create acceptable damping and reduce fluctuations without loss problems. The presence of a surge arrester can also reduce the overvoltage caused by ferro resonance to an appropriate level.

In recent decades, electric vehicles (EVs) have been garnering tremendous popularity because of their improved performance and efficiency, as well as new concerns about global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of fossil fuels. Extensive use of electric vehicles has already been seen in the automotive industry, especially because of the CO 2 emissions and global environmental challenges they help with. A lot of attention has been paid to lithium-ion batteries for their numerous benefits, including lightweight, fast charging, high energy density, extended lifespan, and low self-discharge. This study covers the state of charge (SOC) estimation and management of the lithium-ion battery for sustainable future electric vehicle applications. The importance of adopting a lithium-ion battery management system (BMS) is shown, which guarantees a stable and safe operation and assesses the battery state of charge (SOC). According to the review, the SOC is an important parameter as it denotes the battery’s remaining charge and influences charging and discharging tactics. Additionally, it is shown that existing lithium-ion battery SOC has a positive effect on ensuring the safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles with their charging and discharging capacities. Despite these hurdles, batteries still have certain limitations, such as complex electro-chemical reactions, decreased performance, and inaccuracies in enhancing battery performance and life. This paper thoroughly reviews the approaches used to estimate or capture (SOC) parameters by focusing on the calculation model or algorithm, advantages, disadvantages, and estimation error. It describes a number of aspects and obstacles that have been identified and suggestions for their use in the development of BMS and for estimating SOC in future EV applications are offered. The rising attempts to improve the high-tech future EV applications, SOC calculation method, and energy management system will be enhanced by this review’s highlight insights.

In the literature several models have been derived by different authors in order to predict the solar irradiance intensity over inclined surfaces, however for the most models accuracy at various inclinations have not been verified. The study evaluated the estimation of solar irradiance at different tilt angles by means of different models based on the experimental measurements. For this purpose, two groups of models (isotropic and anisotropic) were carried out: the first group of models was used for estimating the diffuse solar irradiance component, and the second group was used for estimating the global solar irradiance. Five models have been selected and implemented for the estimation of the diffuse solar irradiance component, and five models have been selected for the estimation of global solar irradiance. The results of the analysis were compared with local experimental measurements for diffuse radiation and global irradiance. There are three tilt angles (0°, 30°, 60°) and a two-axis tracking system has been determent for comparison experiments with the model estimated results. The results showed all the selected models generated an error percentage in both the diffuse and global irradiance investigations.

The performance of four different commercial ceramic separators is inspected using response surface methodology (RSM). The thickness (A), porosity (B), SiO 2 (C), and Al 2 O 3 (D) contents of ceramics are statistically significant ( P -value<0.05) for both responses of the maximum power density (MPD) and the coulombic efficiency (CE). The interactions of AB and AC have significant influences on the MPD. For highly porous ceramics, including the unglazed wall ceramic (MFC-UGWC, 30.45% porosity) and Yellow ceramic (MFC-Y, 28.9% porosity), the MPD and CE are boosted by raising the thickness of membranes. The MPD and CE values have been enhanced from 225.07 to 321.11 mW/m 2 and from 51 to 68%, respectively, by thickening the UGWC from 3 to 9 mm. Similarly, the power performance and CE of the MFC-Y have been grown by 32% and 148.6%, respectively. However, both the MPD and CE responses have been reduced from 106.89 to 57.65 mW/m 2 and from 29 to 18.3% for the denser unglazed floor ceramic (UGFC, 11% porosity) as a consequence of thickness increment from 3 to 6 mm. Furthermore, the chemical composition of ceramics has a crucial impact on the overall performance. Richer ceramics in SiO 2 are utilized, the higher performance is achieved.