Relaxation Behavior of Core-Shell Particles in PP/PMMA/PS Ternary Blends: The Effects of Composition, Viscosity Ratio and Temperature
-
R. Berahman
Abstract
The relaxation behavior of PMMA-PS core-shell particles in PP matrix was studied. The effects of composition and viscosity ratio of core and shell forming components on relaxation processes of PP/(PMMA+PS) 80/20 ternary blends were evaluated at three different temperatures (200, 225 and 250°C) and discussed. For the ternary blends containing low-viscosity PMMA (PP/L-PMMA/PS), the shape relaxation time, λ, sharply reduced at first with PS content and then increased after passing through a minimum with further increase in the PS content. The corresponding relaxation strength, λ.H(λ), increased suddenly at first and then monotonically decreased upon further incorporation of PS. The changes of λ and λ.H(λ) with PS content were attributed to a change in the interfacial energy (shell formation) and average viscosity of the dispersed composite droplets upon progressive addition of PS into PP/L-PMMA blend so that the minimum λ corresponding to the maximum λ.H(λ) was observed at shell completion composition with finest core-shell- particles (12 wt% of PS phase). The core-shell particles of all the ternary blends containing L-PMMA exhibited a shape relaxation at 200°C, while at the same temperature for the blends containing high-viscosity PMMA (H-PMMA) no shape relaxation peak was detected when the PS shell content was lower than 62 wt%. This was attributed to restriction effect of non-deformable H-PMMA core droplets, which led to no droplet relaxation. At higher PS contents, appearance of the shape relaxation peak was related to the relaxation of PS shell, suggesting that there is a critical shell thickness above which the relaxation behavior of core-shell droplets is dominated by the low-viscous PS shell. Increase in temperature from 200 to 250°C reduced the PS shell content corresponding to onset of deformation and accelerated the relaxation of composite droplets.
References
Berahman, R., Razavi Aghjeh, M. K., Mehrabi Mazidi, M. and Omrani, S., “Evolution of Shell Formation Process in PP/PMMA/PS Ternary Blends: Correlation between the Melt Rheology and Phase Morphology”, J. Polym. Res., 23, 227–239 (2016) 10.1007/s10965-016-1120-4Suche in Google Scholar
Choi, J. H., Ryu, J. H. and Kim, S. Y., “A Linear Viscoelastic Model of Matrix/Core–Shell Modifier Polymer Blends”, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 38, 942–953 (2000) 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(20000401)38:7<942::AID-POLB5>3.0.CO;2-NSuche in Google Scholar
Covas, J. A., Machado, A. V., “Rheology of PA-6/EPM/EPM-G-MA Blends along a Twin-Screw Extruder”, J. Adv. Polym. Technol., 19, 260–276 (2000) 10.1002/1098-2329(200024)19:4<260::AID-ADV3>3.0.CO;2-CSuche in Google Scholar
Demarquette, N. R., Valera, T. S. and Yee, M., “Relaxation Process Induced by Core-Shell Morphology”, J. Polym. Eng., 27, 657–664 (2007) 10.1515/POLYENG.2007.27.9.657Suche in Google Scholar
Dou, R., Wang, W., Zhou, Y., Li, L. P., Gong, L., Yin, B. and Yang, M. B., “Effect of Core-Shell Morphology Evolution on the Rheology, Crystallization, and Mechanical Properties of PA6/EPDM-G-MA/HDPE Ternary Blend”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 129, 253–262 (2013) 10.1002/app.38733Suche in Google Scholar
Favis, B. D., Liang, H., Yu, Y. S. and Eisenberg, A., “Correlation between the Interfacial Tension and Dispersed Phase Morphology in Interfacially Modified Blends of LLDPE and PVC”, Macromolecules, 32, 1637–1642 (1999) 10.1021/ma9805553Suche in Google Scholar
Graebling, D., Muller, R. and Palierne, J., “Linear Viscoelasticity of Incompatible Polymer Blends in the Melt in Relation with Interfacial Properties”, J. Phys., 3, 1525–1534 (1993) 10.1051/jp4:19937238Suche in Google Scholar
Gramespacher, H., Meissner, J., “Interfacial Tension between Polymer Melts Measured by Shear Oscillations of their Blends”, J. Rheol., 36, 1127–1141 (1992) 10.1122/1.550304Suche in Google Scholar
Hemmati, M., Nazokdast, H. and Shariatpanahi, H., “Study on Morphology of Ternary Polymer Blends. I. Effects of Melt Viscosity and Interfacial Interaction”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82, 1129–1137 (2001) 10.1002/app.1947Suche in Google Scholar
Hobbs, S. Y., Dekkers, M. E. J. and Watkins, V. H., “Effect of Interfacial Forces on Polymer Blend Morphologies”, Polymer, 29, 1598–1602 (1988) 10.1016/0032-3861(88)90269-8Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, B. K., Kim, M. S. and KimK. J., “Viscosity Effect in Polyolefin Ternary Blends and Composites”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 48, 1271–1278 (1993) 10.1002/app.1993.070480715Suche in Google Scholar
Li, L. P., Yin, B., Zhou, Y., Gong, L., Yang, M. B., Xie, B. H. and Chen, C., “Characterization of PA6/EPDM-G-MA/HDPE Ternary Blends: The Role of Core-Shell Structure”, Polymer, 53, 3043–3051 (2012) 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.003Suche in Google Scholar
López-Barrón, C. R., Macosko, C. W., “Rheology of Compatibilized Immiscible Blends with Droplet-Matrix and Co-Continuous Morphologies during Coarsening”, J. Rheol., 58, 1935–1941 (2014) 10.1122/1.4897409Suche in Google Scholar
Luzinov, V. I., Xi, K., Pagnoulle, C. and Jerome, R., “Dependence of Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PS/SBR/PE Ternary Blends on Composition: Transition from Core–Shell to Triple-Phase Continuity Structures”, Polymer, 41, 3381–3389 (2000) 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00514-5Suche in Google Scholar
Luzinov, V. I., Xi, K., Pagnoulle, C. and Jerome, R., “Ternary Polymer Blend with Core–Shell Dispersed Phases: Effect of the Core Forming Polymer on Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties”, Polymer, 41, 7099–7109 (2000) 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00057-4Suche in Google Scholar
Macaubas, P. H. P., Demarquette, N. R., “Interfacial Tension, Morphology and Linear Viscoelasticity Behaviour of PP/PS Blends”, Polümeros, Ciüncia e Tecnologia, 9, 71–77 (1999) 10.1590/S0104-14281999000400012Suche in Google Scholar
Macaubas, P. H. P., Demarquette, N. R., “Morphologies and Interfacial Tensions of Immiscible Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blends Modified with Triblock Copolymers”, Polymer, 42, 2543–2554 (2001) 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00655-8Suche in Google Scholar
Martin, P., Carreau, P. J., Favis, B. D. and Jerome, R., “Investigating the Morphology/Rheology Inter Relationships in Immiscible Polymer Blends”, J. Rheol., 44, 569–583 (2000) 10.1122/1.551101Suche in Google Scholar
Mehrabi Mazidi, M., Razavi Aghjeh, M. K., “Effects of Blend Composition and Compatibilization on the Melt Rheology and Phase Morphology of Binary and Ternary PP/PA6/EPDM Blends”, Polym. Bull., 72, 1975–2000 (2015) 10.1007/s00289-015-1384-6Suche in Google Scholar
Mostofi, N., Nazockdast, H. and Mohammadigoushki, H., “Study on Morphology and Viscoelastic Properties of PP/PET/SEBS Ternary Blend and their Fibers”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 114, 3737–3743 (2009) 10.1002/app.30612Suche in Google Scholar
Palierne, J. F., “Linear Rheology of Viscoelastic Emulsions with Interfacial Tension”, J. Rheol., 29, 204–214 (1990) 10.1007/BF01331356Suche in Google Scholar
Reignier, J., Favis, B. D. and Heuzey, M. C., “Factors Influencing „Encapsulation Behavior in Composite Droplet-Type Polymer Blends”, Polymer, 44, 49–59 (2003) 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00684-5Suche in Google Scholar
Reignier, J., Favis, B. D., “On the Presence of a Critical Shell Volume Fraction Leading to Pseudo-Pure Droplet Behavior in Composite Droplet Polymer Blends”, Polymer, 44, 5061–5066 (2003) 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00490-7Suche in Google Scholar
Shen, Ch., Zhou, Y., Dou, R., Wang, W., Yin, B. and Yang, M. B., “Effect of the Core-Forming Polymer on Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PA6/EPDM-G-MA/HDPE Ternary Blends”, Polymer, 56, 395–405 (2015) 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.11.027Suche in Google Scholar
Utracki, L. A.: Polymer Alloys and Blends: Thermodynamics and Rheology, Hanser, Munich, p. 356 (1990) 10.1002/pi.4990250214Suche in Google Scholar
Valera, T. S., Morita, A. T. and Demarquette, N. R., “Study of Morphologies of PMMA/PP/PS Ternary Blends”, Macromolecules, 39, 2663–2675 (2006) 10.1021/ma052571nSuche in Google Scholar
Van Oene, H. J., “Modes of Dispersion of Viscoelastic Fluids in Flow”, J. Colloid Sci., 40, 448–467 (1972) 10.1016/0021-9797(72)90355-4Suche in Google Scholar
Vinckeier, I., Moldenaer, P. and Mewis, J., “Relationship between Rheology and Morphology of Model Blends in Steady Shear Flow”, J. Rheol., 40, 613–631 (1996) 10.1122/1.550800Suche in Google Scholar
Virgilio, N., Desjardins, P., L'Espérance, G. and Favis, B. D., “Modified Interfacial Tensions Measured in- situ in Ternary Polymer Blends Demonstrating Partial Wetting”, Polymer, 51, 1472–1484 (2010) 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.017Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, D., Li, Y., Xie, X. M. and Guo, B. H., “Compatibilization and Morphology Development of Immiscible Ternary Polymer Blends”, Polymer, 1, 191–200 (2011) 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.019Suche in Google Scholar
Wilkinson, A. N., Clemens, M. L. and Harding, V. M., “The Effects of SEBS-G-Maleic Anhydride Reaction on the Morphology and Properties of Polypropylene/PA6/SEBS Ternary Blends”, Polymer, 45, 5239–5249 (2004) 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.033Suche in Google Scholar
Yu, W., Bousmina, M., Grmela, M., Palierne, J. F. and Zhou, C., “Quantitative Relationship between Rheology and Morphology in Emulsions”, J. Rheol., 46, 1381–1399 (2002) 10.1122/1.1517302Suche in Google Scholar
© 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Characterizing Ultrasonic Micro-Molding Process of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
- Innovative Materials for Novel Concepts for Internal Heat Exchangers
- Thermoplastic Blends of PP and Waste Rubber Powder: Effects of Compatibilizer on Tensile Properties, Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics
- Morphology Influence of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites
- Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Cardo Poly(aryl ether sulfone) Containing Zwitterionic Side Groups as Novel Proton Exchange Membranes
- Modeling of Solid Conveying Pressure Throughput Behavior of Single Screw Smooth Barrel Extruders under Consideration of Backpressure and High Screw Speeds
- Morphology and Properties of Unvulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized PVC/NBR Blend Reinforced by Graphene Nanoplatelets
- Investigation of Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites for Microelectronics Applications
- Electrical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Microinjection Molded Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
- Production of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled PE and Ground Tire Rubber: Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Effect of Compatibilizer Addition
- Influence of PA6 as a Charring Agent on Flame Retardancy, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of LGFR PP Composites
- Numerical Investigations of Fiber Orientation Models for Injection Molded Long Fiber Composites
- Relaxation Behavior of Core-Shell Particles in PP/PMMA/PS Ternary Blends: The Effects of Composition, Viscosity Ratio and Temperature
- Effect of Addition of Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene and the Type of Mica on the Mechanical Properties of Mica-Filled Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends
- A Study of Concentrated Suspensions in Polyethylene Melts and the Impact on Viscosity and Polymer Processing Operations
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Characterizing Ultrasonic Micro-Molding Process of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
- Innovative Materials for Novel Concepts for Internal Heat Exchangers
- Thermoplastic Blends of PP and Waste Rubber Powder: Effects of Compatibilizer on Tensile Properties, Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics
- Morphology Influence of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites
- Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Cardo Poly(aryl ether sulfone) Containing Zwitterionic Side Groups as Novel Proton Exchange Membranes
- Modeling of Solid Conveying Pressure Throughput Behavior of Single Screw Smooth Barrel Extruders under Consideration of Backpressure and High Screw Speeds
- Morphology and Properties of Unvulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized PVC/NBR Blend Reinforced by Graphene Nanoplatelets
- Investigation of Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites for Microelectronics Applications
- Electrical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Microinjection Molded Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
- Production of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled PE and Ground Tire Rubber: Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Effect of Compatibilizer Addition
- Influence of PA6 as a Charring Agent on Flame Retardancy, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of LGFR PP Composites
- Numerical Investigations of Fiber Orientation Models for Injection Molded Long Fiber Composites
- Relaxation Behavior of Core-Shell Particles in PP/PMMA/PS Ternary Blends: The Effects of Composition, Viscosity Ratio and Temperature
- Effect of Addition of Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene and the Type of Mica on the Mechanical Properties of Mica-Filled Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends
- A Study of Concentrated Suspensions in Polyethylene Melts and the Impact on Viscosity and Polymer Processing Operations
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
