Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

A physically based approach to model the incomplete bainitic transformation in high-Si steels

  • and
Published/Copyright: June 11, 2013
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 103 Issue 8

Abstract

This paper describes an approach to simulate the incomplete bainitic transformation observed in high-Si steels. The model can capture the incomplete transformation when a simple procedure accounting for carbon enrichment in the remaining austenite is applied to calculate the change in the zero transformation temperature, which is a key parameter controlling the transformation kinetics. The carbon concentration in the remaining austenite is determined by the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite and the effective carbon concentration of the bainitic ferrite. Comparison with experimental data for Fe-0.3C-2.4Mn-1.8Si is made, which demonstrates that the isothermal kinetics of bainite formation in the range 370–480°C can be satisfactorily described with the model by using a single set of model parameters and only adjusting the carbon concentration of the bainitic ferrite. A good agreement is found between predicted final carbon contents of retained austenite and those measured using X-ray diffraction, which indicates that a plausible carbon dependency of the zero transformation temperature has been assumed in the calculations.

Keywords: Bainite; Phase transformation kinetics; Nucleation
2 Correspondence address: Dr. Stefan M. C. van Bohemen, Tata Steel Research Development & Technology, PO Box 10000, 1970 CA IJmuiden, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 251 494563, Fax: +31 251 470407, E-mail: or

Refrences

[1]H.I.Aaronson, W.T.Reynolds, G.J.Shiflet, G.Spanos: Metall. Trans. A21 (1990) 1343. 10.1007/BF02672557Search in Google Scholar

[2]H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia: Bainite in Steels, The Institute of Materials, London, (2001).Search in Google Scholar

[3]G.I.Rees, H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia: Mater. Sci. Technol.8 (1992) 985.Search in Google Scholar

[4]H.Matsuda, H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia: Proc. R. Soc. London A460 (2004) 1707. 10.1098/rspa.2003.1225Search in Google Scholar

[5]M.Azuma, N.Fujita, M.Takahashi, T.Senuma, D.Quidort, T.Lung: ISIJ Int.45 (2005) 221. 10.2355/isijinternational.45.221Search in Google Scholar

[6]D.Gaude-Fugarolas, P.J.Jacques: ISIJ Int.46 (2006) 712. 10.2355/isijinternational.46.712Search in Google Scholar

[7]M.J.Santofimia, F.G.Caballero, C.Capdevila, C.Garcia-Mateo, C.G.de Andres: Mater. Trans.47 (2006) 2465. 10.2320/matertrans.47.2465Search in Google Scholar

[8]S.M.C.Van Bohemen, J.Sietsma: Int. J. Mater. Res.7 (2008) 739. 10.3139/146.101695Search in Google Scholar

[9]S.M.C.Van Bohemen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A41 (2010) 285. 10.1007/s11661-009-0106-9Search in Google Scholar

[10]G.Sidhu, S.D.Bhole, D.L.Chen, E.Essadiqi: Scripta Mater.64 (2011) 73. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.09.009Search in Google Scholar

[11]V.Raghavan, A.R.Entwisle: Physical properties of martensite and bainite, in: vol Special report no. 93, The Iron and Steel Institute (1965) 30.Search in Google Scholar

[12]N.A.Chester, H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia: J. Phys. IV7 (1997) 41. 10.1051/jp4:1997506Search in Google Scholar

[13]D.P.Koistinen, R.E.Marburger: Acta Metall.7 (1959) 59. 10.1016/0001-6160(59)90170-1Search in Google Scholar

[14]C.L.Magee: The nucleation of martensite, in: Phase transformations, ASM, Metals Park, OH, (1970), 115.Search in Google Scholar

[15]S.M.C.Van Bohemen, J.Sietsma: Mater. Sci. Technol.25 (2009) 1009. 10.1179/174328408X365838Search in Google Scholar

[16]S.R.Pati, M.Cohen: Acta Metall.17 (1969) 189. 10.1016/0001-6160(69)90058-3Search in Google Scholar

[17]N.Luzginova: Microstructure and transformation kinetics in bainitic steels, Delft University of Technology, Delft (2008).Search in Google Scholar

[18]F.Caballero, M.K.Miller, C.Garcia-Mateo: Acta Mater.58 (2010) 2338. 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.12.020Search in Google Scholar

[19]M.Peet, S.S.Babu, M.K.Miller, H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia: Scripta Mater.50 (2004) 1277. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.02.024Search in Google Scholar

[20]M.Koo, X.Pingguang, Y.Tomota, H.Suzuki: Scripta Mater.61 (2009) 797. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.06.032Search in Google Scholar

[21]F.Fazeli, X.Wang: ISIJ Int.47 (2007) 1341. 10.2355/isijinternational.47.1341Search in Google Scholar

[22]K.Tsuzaki, A.Kodai, T.Maki: Metall. Mater. Trans. A25 (1994) 2009. 10.1007/BF02649049Search in Google Scholar

[23]H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia, D.V.Edmonds: Metall. Trans.10 (1979) 895. 10.1007/BF02658309Search in Google Scholar

[24]V.T.T.Miihikinen, D.V.Edmonds: Mater. Sci. Technol.3 (1987) 422.Search in Google Scholar

[25]D.J.Dyson, B.Holmes: J. Iron and Steel Inst.208 (1970) 469.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2011-6-30
Accepted: 2012-1-24
Published Online: 2013-06-11
Published in Print: 2012-08-01

© 2012, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. A new editor for IJMR and other changes
  5. ECAA 2011
  6. Proceeding Papers
  7. A model for co-clusters and their strengthening in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys: a comparison with experimental data
  8. Effect of room temperature storage time on precipitation in Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys with different Mg/Si ratios
  9. Influence of Mg/Si ratio on the clustering kinetics in Al–Mg–Si alloys
  10. Effect of simultaneous deformation and artificial ageing on the mechanical properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy
  11. Ab-initio modeling of metastable precipitation processes in aluminum 7xxx alloys
  12. The kinetics of clustering in Al–Mg–Si alloys studied by Monte Carlo simulation
  13. Regular Articles
  14. A physically based approach to model the incomplete bainitic transformation in high-Si steels
  15. Impact of interannealing on recrystallization during final annealing in twin-belt cast Al–Fe–Si sheet
  16. Direct preparation of ferrite magnetic material from Jinchuan nickel sulfide concentrate by acid leaching
  17. Effect of La3+ on microwave dielectric properties of (Pb1−xCax)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (x = 0.5–0.6) ceramics
  18. Thermodynamic properties of liquid copper–antimony–tin alloys determined from e.m.f. measurements
  19. Modelling of metal nano-particle condensation and growth in a reactive atmosphere
  20. Characterization and catalytic behavior of CuO@SiO2 nanocomposites towards NO oxidation and N2O decomposition
  21. Manufacturing process and electrochemical properties of an Mg–Ga–Hg anode sheet
  22. Effect of strain rate and dynamic strain ageing on work-hardening for aluminium alloy AA5182-O
  23. Steady-state creep analysis of a functionally graded thick cylinder subjected to internal pressure and thermal gradient
  24. Residual stress relaxation of hydroxyapatite/316L asymmetrical functionally gradient material fabricated by hot-pressing
  25. Strength and water permeability of concrete containing various types of fly ashes and filler material
  26. Comment to the paper “Re-evaluation of activities of magnesium and zinc components in the magnesium–zinc binary system from very low to high temperature”
  27. DGM News
  28. DGM News
https://doi.org/10.3139/146.110744
Keywords for this article
Bainite; Phase transformation kinetics; Nucleation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Editorial
  4. A new editor for IJMR and other changes
  5. ECAA 2011
  6. Proceeding Papers
  7. A model for co-clusters and their strengthening in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys: a comparison with experimental data
  8. Effect of room temperature storage time on precipitation in Al–Mg–Si(–Cu) alloys with different Mg/Si ratios
  9. Influence of Mg/Si ratio on the clustering kinetics in Al–Mg–Si alloys
  10. Effect of simultaneous deformation and artificial ageing on the mechanical properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy
  11. Ab-initio modeling of metastable precipitation processes in aluminum 7xxx alloys
  12. The kinetics of clustering in Al–Mg–Si alloys studied by Monte Carlo simulation
  13. Regular Articles
  14. A physically based approach to model the incomplete bainitic transformation in high-Si steels
  15. Impact of interannealing on recrystallization during final annealing in twin-belt cast Al–Fe–Si sheet
  16. Direct preparation of ferrite magnetic material from Jinchuan nickel sulfide concentrate by acid leaching
  17. Effect of La3+ on microwave dielectric properties of (Pb1−xCax)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (x = 0.5–0.6) ceramics
  18. Thermodynamic properties of liquid copper–antimony–tin alloys determined from e.m.f. measurements
  19. Modelling of metal nano-particle condensation and growth in a reactive atmosphere
  20. Characterization and catalytic behavior of CuO@SiO2 nanocomposites towards NO oxidation and N2O decomposition
  21. Manufacturing process and electrochemical properties of an Mg–Ga–Hg anode sheet
  22. Effect of strain rate and dynamic strain ageing on work-hardening for aluminium alloy AA5182-O
  23. Steady-state creep analysis of a functionally graded thick cylinder subjected to internal pressure and thermal gradient
  24. Residual stress relaxation of hydroxyapatite/316L asymmetrical functionally gradient material fabricated by hot-pressing
  25. Strength and water permeability of concrete containing various types of fly ashes and filler material
  26. Comment to the paper “Re-evaluation of activities of magnesium and zinc components in the magnesium–zinc binary system from very low to high temperature”
  27. DGM News
  28. DGM News
Downloaded on 12.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/146.110744/html
Scroll to top button