Home Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites

  • Sivakumar Dhar Malingam , Kathiravan Subramaniam , Ng Lin Feng , Siti Hajar Sheikh MD Fadzullah and Sivaraos Subramonian
Published/Copyright: October 30, 2019
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 61 Issue 11

Abstract

There has been an increasing interest among researchers on natural/synthetic hybrid fiber reinforced composites due to their extensive advantages such as enhanced mechanical properties as compared to natural fiber reinforced composites. The balance between environmental friendliness and mechanical strength can be achieved through hybrid composite materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of stacking sequences on the mechanical properties of woven kenaf/glass hybrid composites. Woven kenaf/glass hybrid composites with two different stacking sequences were fabricated in the hot compression process. Non-hybrid glass and kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were also prepared for comparison. Tensile, flexural and Charpy impact tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D 3039, ASTM D 790 and ASTM D 6110, respectively. The results showed that the tensile strength of glass/kenaf/glass hybrid laminates was only 3.4 % lower than that of non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. The flexural strength of hybrid glass/kenaf/glass laminates was 32.5 % higher than non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. In terms of impact strength in edgewise and flatwise orientations, hybrid glass/kenaf/glass laminates showed 8.6 % and 51.9 % improvement, respectively, as compared to non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. This showed that the hybrid laminates exhibited superior mechanical properties as compared to non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites.

*Correspondence Address, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sivakumar Dhar Malingam, Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail:

Sivakumar Dhar Malingam works as an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. He received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the Australian National University in 2012. His research interests include fiber reinforced composites, fiber metal laminates, biocomposites and mechanics of materials.

Kathiravan Subramaniam received his degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka in 2016. He is currently an MSc student at the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. His research interests include fiber metal laminates, natural fibers and impact.

Ng Lin Feng received his MSc in Mechanical Engineering from the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka in 2017. He is currently a PhD student at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. His research interests include fiber metal laminates, natural fibers, fatigue life characteristics and mechanical properties.

Siti Hajar Sheikh MD Fadzullah works as a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. She received her PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Liverpool in 2015. Her research interests include polymer composites, biocomposites and impact engineering.

Sivaraos Subramonian works as a Professor in the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. He received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 2011. His research interests include advanced manufacturing, composite materials and process modeling and optimization.

References

1 D.Sivakumar, L. F.Ng, N. S.Salmi: Eco-hybrid composite failure behavior of two serial bolted joint holes, Journal of Engineering and Technology7 (2016), No. 1, pp. 114–124Search in Google Scholar

2 A. N.Kasim, M. Z.Selamat, M. A. M.Daud, M. Y.Yaakob, A.Putra, D.Sivakumar: Mechanical properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with alkaline treated pineapple leaf fiber from josapine cultivar, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering13 (2016), No. 1, pp. 3157–316710.15282/ijame.13.1.2016.3.0263Search in Google Scholar

3 K. S.Ahmed, S.Vijayarangan: Tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear properties of woven jute and jute-glass fabric reinforced polyester composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology207 (2008), No. 1-3, pp. 330–33510.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.038Search in Google Scholar

4 T. H.Nam, S.Ogihara, N. H.Tung, S.Kobayashi: Effect of alkali treatment on interfacial and mechanical properties of coir fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) biodegradable composites, Composites Part B: Engineering42 (2011), No. 6, pp. 1648–165610.1016/j.compositesb.2011.04.001Search in Google Scholar

5 A. C.Manalo, E.Wani, N. A.Zukarnain, W.Karunasena, K. T.Lau: Effects of alkali treatment and elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-polyester composites, Composites Part B: Engineering80 (2015), pp. 73–8310.1016/j.compositesb.2015.05.033Search in Google Scholar

6 A.Ashori: Hybrid composites from waste materials, Journal of Polymers and the Environment18 (2010), No. 1, pp. 65–7010.1007/s10924-009-0155-6Search in Google Scholar

7 D.Sivakumar, L. F.Ng, R. M.Chew, O.Bapokutty: Investigation on failure strength of bolted joints woven fabric reinforced hybrid composite, International Review of Mechanical Engineering11 (2017), No. 2, pp. 138–14310.15866/ireme.v11i2.10897Search in Google Scholar

8 R.Yahaya, S. M.Sapuan, M.Jawaid, Z.Leman, E. S.Zainudin: Effect of fiber orientations on the mechanical properties of kenaf–aramid hybrid composites for spall-liner application, Defence Technology12 (2016), No. 1, pp. 52–5810.1016/j.dt.2015.08.005Search in Google Scholar

9 A.Atiqah, M. A.Maleque, M.Jawaid, M.Iqbal: Development of kenaf-glass reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite for structural applications, Composites Part B: Engineering56 (2014), pp. 68–7310.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.019Search in Google Scholar

10 L. F.Ng, D.Sivakumar, K. A.Zakaria, M. Z.Selamat: Fatigue performance of hybrid fiber metal laminate structure, International Review of Mechanical Engineering11 (2017), No. 1, pp. 61–6810.15866/ireme.v11i1.10532Search in Google Scholar

11 N. L.Feng, S.DharMalingam, K. A.Zakaria, M. Z.Selamat: Investigation on the fatigue life characteristic of kenaf/glass woven-ply reinforced metal sandwich materials, Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials21 (2019), No. 7, pp. 2440–245510.1177/1099636217729910Search in Google Scholar

12 O.Faruk, A. K.Bledzki, H. P.Fink, M.Sain: Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000-2010, Progress in Polymer Science37 (2012), No. 11, pp. 1552–159610.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.04.003Search in Google Scholar

13 N. L.Cieh, S.Sulaiman, M. N.Mokhtar, M. N.Naim: Bleached kenaf microfiber as a support matrix for cyclodextrin glucanotransferase immobilization via covalent binding by different coupling agents, Process Biochemistry56 (2017), pp. 81–8910.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.025Search in Google Scholar

14 S.Sulaiman, N. L.Cieh, M. N.Mokhtar, M. N.Naim, S. M. M.Kamal: Covalent immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on kenaf cellulose nanofiber and its application in ultrafiltration membrane system, Process Biochemistry55 (2017), pp. 85–9510.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.025Search in Google Scholar

15 S. D.Salman, Z.Leman, M.Ishak, M.Sultan, F.Cardona: Quasi-static penetration behavior of plain woven kenaf/aramid reinforced polyvinyl butyral hybrid laminates, Journal of Industrial Textiles47 (2017), No. 7, pp. 1427–144610.1177/1528083717692593Search in Google Scholar

16 M. A. A.Bakar, S.Ahmad, W.Kuntjoro, S.Kasolang: Effect of carbon fiber ratio to the impact properties of hybrid kenaf/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites, Applied Mechanics and Materials393 (2013), pp. 136–13910.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.393.136Search in Google Scholar

17 H.Anuar, S. H.Ahmad, R.Rasid, A.Ahmad, W. N.Wan Busu: Mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis of thermoplastic-natural-rubber-reinforced short carbon fiber and kenaf fiber hybrid composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science107 (2008), No. 6, pp. 4043–405210.1002/app.27441Search in Google Scholar

18 H. M.Akil, I. M.De Rosa, C.Santulli, F.Sarasini: Flexural behaviour of pultruded jute/glass and kenaf/glass hybrid composites monitored using acoustic emission, Materials Science and Engineering: A527 (2010), No. 12, pp. 2942–295010.1016/j.msea.2010.01.028Search in Google Scholar

19 M. A. A.Ghani, Z.Salleh, K. M.Hyie, M. N.Berhan, Y. M. D.Taib, M. A. I.Bakri: Mechanical properties of kenaf/fiberglass polyester hybrid composite, Procedia Engineering41 (2012), pp. 1654–165910.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.364Search in Google Scholar

20 M. A.Maleque, A.Atiqah, M.Iqbal: Flexural and impact properties of kenaf-glass hybrid composite, Advanced Materials Research576 (2012), pp. 471–47410.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.576.471Search in Google Scholar

21 C.Morrow, S.DharMalingam, S.Venkatesan, S.Kalyanasundaram: Stretch forming studies on thermoplastic composite, T.Kian, D.Ian, H.Ian (Ed.): Proc. of the 6th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, Engineers Australia, Perth (2010), pp. 777–785Search in Google Scholar

22 M. M.Davoodi, S. M.Sapuan, D.Ahmad, A.Ali, A.Khalina, M.Jonoobi: Mechanical properties of hybrid kenaf/glass reinforced epoxy composite for passenger car bumper beam, Materials & Design31 (2010), No. 10, pp. 4927–493210.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.021Search in Google Scholar

23 M. S.Sreekala, J.George, M. G.Kumaran, S.Thomas: The mechanical performance of hybrid phenol-formaldehyde-based composites reinforced with glass and oil palm fibers, Composites Science and Technology62 (2002), No. 3, pp. 339–35310.1016/S0266-3538(01)00219-6Search in Google Scholar

24 R.Yahaya, S. M.Sapuan, M.Jawaid, Z.Leman, E. S.Zainudin: Mechanical performance of woven kenaf-Kevlar hybrid composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites33 (2014), No. 24, pp. 2242–225410.1177/0731684414559864Search in Google Scholar

25 R.Yahaya, S. M.Sapuan, M.Jawaid, Z.Leman, E. S.Zainudin: Effect of layering sequence and chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of woven kenaf-aramid hybrid laminated composites, Materials & Design67 (2015), pp. 173–17910.1016/j.matdes.2014.11.024Search in Google Scholar

26 K. S.Ahmed, S.Vijayarangan: Tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear properties of woven jute and jute-glass fabric reinforced polyester composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology207 (2008), No. 1-3, pp. 330–33510.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.038Search in Google Scholar

27 D.Sivakumar, L. F.Ng, S. M.Lau, K. T.Lim: Fatigue life behaviour of glass/kenaf woven-ply polymer hybrid biocomposites, Journal of Polymers and the Environment26 (2018), No. 2, pp. 499–50710.1007/s10924-017-0970-0Search in Google Scholar

28 T. MunikencheGowda, A. C. B.Naidu, R.Chhaya: Some mechanical properties of untreated jute fabric-reinforced polyester composites, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing30 (1999), No. 3, pp. 277–28410.1016/S1359-835X(98)00157-2Search in Google Scholar

29 K. J.Wong, U.Nirmal, B. K.Lim: Impact behavior of short and continuous fiber-reinforced polyester composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites29 (2010), No. 23, pp. 3463–347410.1177/0731684410375639Search in Google Scholar

30 D.Sivakumar, S.Kathiravan, M. Z.Selamat, M. R.Said, S.Subramonian: A study on impact behaviour of a novel oil palm fiber reinforced metal laminate system, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences11 (2016), No. 4, pp. 2483–2488Search in Google Scholar

31 O. S.Es-Said, J.Foyos, R.Noorani, M.Mendelson, R.Marloth, B. A.Pregger: Effect of layer orientation on mechanical properties of rapid prototyped samples, Materials and Manufacturing Processes15 (2000), No. 1, pp. 107–12210.1080/10426910008912976Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2019-10-30
Published in Print: 2019-11-04

© 2019, Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. Non-destructive testing derived parameters for microstructure-based residual service life assessment of aging metallic materials in nuclear engineering
  5. Influence of cryogenic treatment on the corrosion of AZ91 and AM60 magnesium alloys in an isotonic solution
  6. A test method for the determination of the cyclic material properties of electrical steel strip under strain-controlled loading
  7. Development of a laser-based line scan measurement system for the surface characterization of reinforcing steel
  8. Inclusion and microstructure characteristics in steel with TiO2 nanoparticle additions
  9. Mechanical test procedures for the evaluation of hydrogen-assisted damage in high-strength steel
  10. Effects of particle reinforcement on the bending and compressive behaviors of composite pipes
  11. Effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties of dissimilar thin Al welds
  12. Effect of hard chrome plating parameters on the wear resistance of low carbon steel
  13. The use of color etching to study the microstructure of laser welded steel used in the automotive industry
  14. Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites
  15. Optimization of cryogenic treatment effects on the surface roughness of cutting tools
  16. Effects of ball burnishing on the surface quality of Al 7075 alloy
  17. An investigation of the effect of tool approaching angle in turning of CFRP composite materials
https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111426

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Inhalt/Contents
  2. Contents
  3. Fachbeiträge/Technical Contributions
  4. Non-destructive testing derived parameters for microstructure-based residual service life assessment of aging metallic materials in nuclear engineering
  5. Influence of cryogenic treatment on the corrosion of AZ91 and AM60 magnesium alloys in an isotonic solution
  6. A test method for the determination of the cyclic material properties of electrical steel strip under strain-controlled loading
  7. Development of a laser-based line scan measurement system for the surface characterization of reinforcing steel
  8. Inclusion and microstructure characteristics in steel with TiO2 nanoparticle additions
  9. Mechanical test procedures for the evaluation of hydrogen-assisted damage in high-strength steel
  10. Effects of particle reinforcement on the bending and compressive behaviors of composite pipes
  11. Effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties of dissimilar thin Al welds
  12. Effect of hard chrome plating parameters on the wear resistance of low carbon steel
  13. The use of color etching to study the microstructure of laser welded steel used in the automotive industry
  14. Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites
  15. Optimization of cryogenic treatment effects on the surface roughness of cutting tools
  16. Effects of ball burnishing on the surface quality of Al 7075 alloy
  17. An investigation of the effect of tool approaching angle in turning of CFRP composite materials
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 22.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/120.111426/html
Scroll to top button