The Influence of Natural and Synthetic Additives in Mitigating Calcium Phosphate Scale in Industrial Water Systems
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Zahid Amjad
Abstract
The inhibition of calcium phosphate (Ca/P) precipitation by natural organic polyelectrolytes, bio- and hybrid polymers, homo- and co-polymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid containing different functional groups was examined in aqueous solution. Additionally, commonly used phosphonates were also evaluated as Ca/P inhibitors. It has been found that performance of additive (polymeric and non-polymeric) as Ca/P inhibitor depends upon additive concentration, ionic charge, and molecular weight. Based on the inhibition data, the ranking in terms of decreasing effectivess is: biopolymer > hybrid polymer > natural organic polyelectrolytes. Among synthetic polymers the ranking order is: terpolymer > co-polymer > homopolymer. Results on phosphonates evaluation reveal that compared to synthetic polymers, phosphonates show poor performance as Ca/P inhibitors.
Kurzfassung
Die Hemmung der Calciumphosphat (Ca/P)-Ausfällung durch natürliche organische Polyelektrolyte, Bio- und Hybridpolymere, Homo- und Copolymere aus Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure mit verschiedenen funktionellen Gruppen in wässriger Lösung wurde untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die häufig als Ca/P-Inhibitoren verwendeten Phosphonate beurteilt. Es wurde gefunden, dass die Leistung des (polymeren und nichtpolymeren) Additivs als Ca/P-Inhibitor von der Konzentration, der ionischen Ladung und dem Molekulargewicht des Additivs abhängt. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Inhibitionsexperimente kann ein Ranking der absteigenden Wirkung aufgestellt weden: Biopolymer > Hybridpolymer > natürliche organische Polyelektrolyte. Unter den synthetischen Polymeren ist die Rangordnung: Terpolymer > Co-Polymer > Homopolymer zu erkennen. Die Bewertung der Phosphonate ergibt, dass Phosphonate als Ca/P-Inhibitoren eine im Vergleich zu synthetischen Polymeren schlechte Leistung aufweisen.
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© 2017, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Application
- The Influence of Natural and Synthetic Additives in Mitigating Calcium Phosphate Scale in Industrial Water Systems
- Preparation and Application of Double-Hydrophilic Copolymer as Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor for Industrial Water Recycling
- Removal of Insoluble Slimes from Potash Ore Using Flotation
- Ester-Based Pyridinium Gemini Surfactants as Novel Inhibitors for Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution
- Novel Surfactants
- Benzalkonium Salts of Amino Acids – Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Microbial Activity
- Synthesis, Characterizations and Multifunctional Activities of New Thiourea-Based Non-Ionic Surfactants
- Environmental Chemistry
- Extraction of Natural Surfactant Saponin from Soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) and its Utilization in the Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Contaminated Water
- Electrocatalytic Hydrogenolysis of Chlorophenolic Compounds by Modified Electrodes in Aqueous Medium in the Absence and the Presence of Ionic Surfactant
- Physical Chemistry
- Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Sucrose Erucate
- Study of the Complex System of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Carboxylate and Alkyl Betaine for Heavy Oil Recovery
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Application
- The Influence of Natural and Synthetic Additives in Mitigating Calcium Phosphate Scale in Industrial Water Systems
- Preparation and Application of Double-Hydrophilic Copolymer as Scale and Corrosion Inhibitor for Industrial Water Recycling
- Removal of Insoluble Slimes from Potash Ore Using Flotation
- Ester-Based Pyridinium Gemini Surfactants as Novel Inhibitors for Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution
- Novel Surfactants
- Benzalkonium Salts of Amino Acids – Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Microbial Activity
- Synthesis, Characterizations and Multifunctional Activities of New Thiourea-Based Non-Ionic Surfactants
- Environmental Chemistry
- Extraction of Natural Surfactant Saponin from Soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) and its Utilization in the Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from Contaminated Water
- Electrocatalytic Hydrogenolysis of Chlorophenolic Compounds by Modified Electrodes in Aqueous Medium in the Absence and the Presence of Ionic Surfactant
- Physical Chemistry
- Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Sucrose Erucate
- Study of the Complex System of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Carboxylate and Alkyl Betaine for Heavy Oil Recovery
