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Dye Fading in Laundry Washing Comparison of Washing Machine and Linitest Results

  • H. Rohwer , D. A. S. Phillips , E. S. Krijnen , B. Glüsen , R. Lodewick , G. Reinhardt , J. W. Gordon und L. Spadoni
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. Juli 2013
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Abstract

Linitest and washing machine results have been compared for the assessment of dye damage/colour fading. 14 dyes of the AISE Monitor Dye Set for bleach induced dye fading were applied in several multi-cycle washes in both devices. It has been shown that dye fading in both applications correlated well with bleach containing detergents, although often the absolute level of fading was higher in a washing machine. Both systems identified the same dyes as being either problematic or safe. On the other hand experiments without a bleach system revealed that dye fading in a washing machine could be different from that generated in a Linitest.

Kurzfassung

Für die Beurteilung von Farbschäden werden Linitest und Waschmaschinen Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen. Dazu wurden 14 Färbungen des AISE Standardfarbsets für bleich-induzierte Farbschädigung mehrfach in beiden Geräten gewaschen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Ergebnisse gut miteinander korrelieren, wenn bleichmittelhaltige Waschmittel verwendet werden. Allerdings ist die absolute Farbschädigung in der Waschmaschine oft größer. In beiden Geräten werden die gleichen Färbungen als wenig oder stark geschädigt erkannt. Andererseits wird aufgezeigt, dass die Ergebnisse der Farbschädigung mit bleichmittelfreien Waschmitteln in der Waschmaschine von denen im Linitest abweichen können.


Correspondence to, Hauke Rohwer, Ciba Grenzach GmbH, P.O. Box 1266, D-79630 Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany, Tel.: +497624122526, E-mail:

Hauke Rohwer, born in Germany 1962 worked as a laboratory assistant at the Research Center Borstel 1978–84. 1989 he received the grade of a Diploma Laboratory Chemist at the University of Siegen and joined Ciba-Geigy Grenzach-Whylen, today Ciba Grenzach GmbH (Germany). After assignments in Process Development and EHS he took over the position of a laboratory manager in R&D Fabric Care in 1997, working on textile UV protection, light induced colour fading and dye fixation. Since 2004 he leads a laboratory of the Stain Removal group.

Duncan Phillips spent 25 years, between 1969 and 1994, working in ICI's (later to become Zeneca's) Textile Dyes Business, initially working in research, then technical service and, finally, in product marketing. In 1994 he joined the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) as Professor of Textile Chemistry and, during the next 13 years, led a Research Group of post graduate students and post doctoral fellows, working with international, textile-related companies. As a result, he is the author of more that 80 research publications. At the end of 2007, he left the university to set up a business, Colour Synthesis Solutions Ltd., with a colleague, dedicated to carrying out contract chemical synthesis and research.

Erik S. Krijnen, born in 1964, obtained a Ph.D. in physical organic chemistry from Leiden University in 1992. After working as a project manager for TNO's Textiles and Paper and Board departments he joined Unilever in 1997. In his current position as Global Evaluation Manager, he is responsible for performance testing of fabric washing detergents.

Dr. Birgit Glüsen, born in Germany 1969, studied chemistry in Münster and Marburg and received a Dr. rer. nat. in 1997. She worked as a research fellow at Chalmers University (Gothenburgh/Sweden) and Cornell University (Ithaca/USA) before joining Henkel in 1999. After the first assignment in corporate research she took over different responsibilities in R&D Laundry & Home Care, now being Manager of the Fiber & Textile Group.

Dr. Rainer Lodewick, born in 1947, studied chemistry at the Technische Hochschule Aachen and obtained his PhD in technical chemistry in 1977. He joined Procter & Gamble in 1977, and has held various positions in R&D. He is located at the Brussels Innovation Center in Belgium.

Dr. Gerd Reinhardt, born in Germany in 1953, received a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Cologne in 1982. In 1984 he joined the Surfactants and Auxiliaries Division of Hoechst AG (since 1997 part of Clariant GmbH) in Frankfurt, Germany. In his current position as R&D Manager, Dr. Reinhardt is responsible for Clariant's bleach development group.

Dr. Jim Gordon studied chemistry and then zeolite catalysis at the University of Edinburgh. Graduated in 1985 and joined BP as a research scientist. Worked for Unilever from 1988 to 1998 before joining Robert McBride as a Development Controller in charge of UK R&D on laundry and dishwash products.

Luca Spadoni born in Italy in 1968 received his Chemistry Degree cum laude at the Rome University – La Sapienza in 1994. He joined P&G in 1995 as R&D Scientist in the Laundry Additive Group, based in Rome. In 1998, he moved to Benckiser Spain as Category Support Chemist for Fabric Care Products in Western Europe, based in Granollers (Barcelona). Following the merger with Reckitt & Collmann 2000, he relocated to Reckitt Benckiser Italy as R&D Fabric Treatment Manager, based in Mira (Venice). Since 2005, he holds the position of R&D Shared Services Director for Fabric Care, based in Mira, looking after the internal Analytical and Performance Laboratories.


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Received: 2008-6-9
Published Online: 2013-07-04
Published in Print: 2008-11-01

© 2008, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen

Heruntergeladen am 17.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.3139/113.100388/pdf?lang=de
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