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Use of Biomonitors for the Validation of Chemo-thermal Disinfecting Washing Procedures

  • G. Kagemann , B. Hilgenberg , J. Rech , M. Heintz und L. Vossebein
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. Juli 2013
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of different commercially available biomonitors for the validation of chemo-thermal disinfecting washing procedures in textile service enterprises. In the course of quality management systems (e.g. acc. to EN 14065: Risk Analysis and Biocontamination Control System, RABC-System) the performance of disinfecting washing procedures has to be controlled and validated periodically by the use of biomonitors. Biomonitors (typically small cotton fabrics) are loaded with bacteria and often encapsulated in semipermeable membranes. The following types of biomonitors are commercially available: a) “open design”, fabrics soaked with blood and bacteria enclosed in textile bags, b) monitors with bacteria enclosed in a semipermeable membrane and c) monitors surrounded by a semipermeable membrane and covered with a hard plastic surface. The membranes should avoid bacterial contamination of the textiles and environment because bacteria are too large to pass the membrane. It is commonly accepted in practice that liquids, proteins and disinfecting agents can diffuse through the membrane. However, big differences in the germ reductions measured with different biomonitors were detected, depending on their individual design. Therefore the diffusion properties of several detergent ingredients were quantified by using semipermeable membranes. It is demonstrated that proteins and even active oxygen species, are retained by these membranes and are thus not able to kill or inactivate bacteria inside the monitors. Hence the use of biomonitors with membranes should be reconsidered, because they are mainly able to detect thermal disinfection, but barely react to the chemical part of chemo-thermal disinfection procedures.

Kurzfassung

Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener kommerziell erhältlicher Biomonitore für die Validierung chemothermisch desinfizierender Waschprozesse in textilen Dienstleistungsunternehmen zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen von Qualitätsmanage-mentsystemen (z.B. gem. EN 14065: Risikoanalyse und Biokontaminationskontrollsystem, RABC-System) werden häufig Biomonitore (üblicherweise kleine Baumwollläppchen) eingesetzt, die mit Keimen beladen sind und häufig in einer semipermeablen Membran eingeschlossen sind, um chemothermisch desinfizierende Waschverfahren zu validieren. Die folgenden Typen von Biomonitoren sind käuflich zu erwerben: a) “offene Biomonitore”, die mit Keimen und Blut beladen sind und in textile Taschen gegeben werden, b) Monitore, die mit Keimen beladen und in einer semipermeablen Membran eingeschlossen sind und c) Biomonitore, die neben der semipermeablen Membran zusätzlich mit einer Hartplastikhülle umgeben sind. Die Membran besitzt meist eine Porengröße von 0,45 μm. Dies verhindert, dass Bakterien auf Textilien und in die Umgebung gelangen können, weil die Membran auf Grund ihrer Porengröße für Bakterien undurchlässig ist. Es wird jedoch allgemein angenommen, dass Flüssigkeiten, Proteine und Desinfektionsmittel sie durchdringen können. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigen, dass abhängig von dem “Design” starke Unterschiede in der mit den verschiedenen Monitoren gemessenen Keimreduktionsrate resultieren. Daher wurden die Diffusionseigenschaften von Waschmittelbestandteilen durch eine semipermeable Membran analysiert. Die Forschungsergebnisse demon-strieren, dass Proteine und Aktiv-Sauerstoff-Spezies kaum in der Lage sind, in adäquater Zeit durch derartige Membranen zu diffundieren. Schlussfolgernd sollte die Verwendung der Biomonitore mit Membranhülle überdacht werden, da sie hauptsächlich die thermische Komponente der Desinfektion detektieren, die chemische Komponente des chemothermischen Waschprozesses jedoch kaum berücksichtigen.

Keywords:: Disinfection; detergents; semipermeable membrane; biomonitor; diffusion
Schlüsselwörter:: Desinfektion; Waschmittel; semipermeable Membran; Biomonitor; Diffusion
∗ Correspondence to, Dr. Guido Kagemann, wfk-Forschungsinstitut für Reinigungstechnologie e.V., Campus Fichtenhain 11, D-47807 Krefeld, Germany, Phone: +4921518210122, Fax: +4921518210199, E-mail:

Dr. Guido Kagemann studied biology from 1997–2003 at the University of Bielefeld, Germany. He received his PhD degree in biochemistry and molecular biology from the “Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf”, Germany, in 2006. Since 2007 he has been working as a researcher at the wfk-Cleaning Technology Research Institute in Krefeld.

Dipl. Biol. Britta Hilgenberg studied biology from 2000–2006 at the “Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität” Münster, Germany. Her research focus lies in microbiology. Since 2007 she has been working in research projects at the wfk-Cleaning Technology Research Institute in Krefeld.

Jennifer Rech works since 2007 at the wfk-Cleaning Technology Research Institute in Krefeld as a technician.

Dr. Manuel Heintz studied biology at the Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster and at the Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen from 1996–2002 with a major in microbiology. He finished his PhD in microbiology at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern in 2006 on the topic of expression profiles in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In March 2006 he joined wfk as a scientist in the field of hygiene and microbiology where he is responsible for testing and contract research in this field.

Dr. Lutz Vossebein studied biology from 1993–1998 at the “Freie Universität Berlin”, “Heinrich-Heine-Universtät-Düsseldorf” and the “Ruhr-Universtät Bochum”. After completing his masters degree in microbiology in 1998 he finished his PhD in biochemistry in 2002 at the “Ruhr-Universität Bochum”, faculty of medicine, institute for physiological chemistry, chair of biochemistry of supra-molecular systems. Currently he is working as team leader of the division for microbiology and hygiene at the wfk-Cleaning Technology Research Institute in Krefeld and assistant lecturer at the Niederrhein University of Applied Science in the field of microbiology as well as hospital and sanitary hygiene.

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Received: 2008-8-7
Published Online: 2013-07-04
Published in Print: 2008-11-01

© 2008, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.100393
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Disinfection; detergents; semipermeable membrane; biomonitor; diffusion

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Application
  6. Highly Concentrated Cocamidopropyl Betaine – The Latest Developments for Improved Sustainability and Enhanced Skin Care
  7. Dye Fading in Laundry Washing Comparison of Washing Machine and Linitest Results
  8. The Impact of Fluorescent Compounds on the Change in Shade of Pastel Colored PES/Cotton Fabrics
  9. Physical Chemistry
  10. Phosphorylation of Mono- or Di-octadienyl-D-xylosides. Influence towards Surfactant Properties
  11. Polymer Chemistry
  12. Polymer-modified Microemulsions – a Template for the Formation of BaSO4 Nanoparticles
  13. Synthesis
  14. Study on the Synthesis and Surface Activities of Disodium Alkyl Polyglucoside Citrate
  15. Validation Processes
  16. Use of Biomonitors for the Validation of Chemo-thermal Disinfecting Washing Procedures
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