Influence of adsorbed oxygen on charge transport and chlorine gas-sensing characteristics of thin cobalt phthalocyanine films
-
Soumen Samanta
,
Arvind Kumar
Abstract
We have investigated the morphology, charge transport, and gas-sensing characteristics of thin films of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) deposited on glass and sapphire substrates, using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). CoPc films deposited on glass were found to be highly disordered. The ambient oxygen was found to be chemisorbed and created deep trap states, which led not only to hysteretic current-voltage (J-V) characteristics but also reduce the charge mobility. These properties render them unsuitable for gas-sensing. On the other hand, films deposited on sapphire were polycrystalline, which was attributed to an improved molecule-substrate interaction. The physically sorbed oxygen only created shallow traps, and the J-V characteristics were non-hysteretic, rendering them suitable for gas-sensing applications. It was demonstrated that the ultrathin (20 nm) CoPc films deposited on sapphire acted as highly sensitive and selective sensors for chlorine present in the w Cl concentration range of 5 × 10−9−2 × 10−6 (5–2000 ppb).
[1] Aswal, D. K., & Gupta, S. K. (2007). Science and technology of chemiresistor gas sensors. New York, NY, USA: Nova Science Publisher. Suche in Google Scholar
[2] Aswal, D. K., & Yakhmi, J. V. (2010). Molecular and organic electronics devices. New York, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers. Suche in Google Scholar
[3] Bai, H., & Shi, G. Q. (2007). Gas sensors based on conducting polymers. Sensors, 7, 267–275. DOI: 10.3390/s7030267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s703026710.3390/s7030267Suche in Google Scholar
[4] Breeze, A. J., Salomon, A., Ginley, D., Gregg, B. A., Tillmann, H., & Hörhold, H. H. (2002). Polymer—perylene diimide heterojunction solar cells. Applied Physics Letters, 81, 3085–3087. DOI: 10.1063/1.1515362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.151536210.1063/1.1515362Suche in Google Scholar
[5] Chambers, S. A., Droubay, T., Jennison, D. R., & Mattsson, T. R. (2002). Laminar growth of ultrathin metal films on metal oxides: Co on hydrated α-Al2O3(0001) surface. Science, 297, 827–828. DOI: 10.1126/science.1073404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.107340410.1126/science.1073404Suche in Google Scholar
[6] Debnath, A. K., Samanta, S., Singh, A., Aswal, D. K., Gupta, S. K., & Yakhmi, J. V. (2009). Parts-per-billion level chorin sensors with fast kinetics using ultrathin cobalt phthalocyanine films. Chemical Physics Letters, 480, 185–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.01610.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.016Suche in Google Scholar
[7] Debnath, A. K., Samanta, S., Singh, A., Aswal, D. K., Gupta, S. K., Yakhmi, J. V., Deshpande, S. K., Poswal, A. K., & Sürgers, C. (2008). Growth of iron phthalocyanine nanoweb and nanobrush using molecular beam epitaxy. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 41, 154–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.physe.2008.06.022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2008.06.02210.1016/j.physe.2008.06.022Suche in Google Scholar
[8] de Haan, A., Debliquy, M., & Decroly, A. (1999). Influence of atmospheric pollutants on the conductance of phthalocyanine films. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 57, 69–74. DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4005(99)00137-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00137-910.1016/S0925-4005(99)00137-9Suche in Google Scholar
[9] Eley, D. D. (1948). Phthalocyanines as semiconductors. Nature, 162, 819. DOI: 10.1038/162819a0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/162819a010.1038/162819a0Suche in Google Scholar
[10] Eng, P. J., Trainor, T. P., Brown, G. E., Waychunas, G. A., Newville, M., Sutton, S. R., & Rivers, M. L. (2000). Structure of the hydrated α-Al2O3 (0001) surface. Science, 288, 1029–1033. DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5468.1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.102910.1126/science.288.5468.1029Suche in Google Scholar
[11] Gould, R. D. (1996). Structure and electrical conduction properties of phthalocyanine thin films. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 156, 237–274. DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(96)01238-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8545(96)01238-610.1016/S0010-8545(96)01238-6Suche in Google Scholar
[12] Hatchett, D. W., & Josowicz, M. (2008). Composites of intrinsically conducting polymers as sensing nanomaterials. Chemical Reviews, 108, 746–769. DOI: 10.1021/cr068112h. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr068112h10.1021/cr068112hSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
[13] Kawabe, T., Tabata, K., Suzuki, E., Yamaguchi, Y., & Nagasawa, Y. (2001). Electronic states of chemisorbed oxygen species and their mutually related studies on SnO2 thin films. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105, 4239–4244. DOI: 10.1021/jp003234d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp003234d10.1021/jp003234dSuche in Google Scholar
[14] Leznoff, C. C., & Lever, A. B. P. (1993). Phthalocyanines: Properties and applications. New York, NY, USA: VCH. Suche in Google Scholar
[15] Moulder, J. F., Stickle, W. F., Sobol, P. E., & Bombson, K. D. (1995). Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chanhassen, Minnesota, USA: Physical Electronics Inc. Suche in Google Scholar
[16] Miyata, T., & Minami, T. (2005). Chlorine gas sensors with high sensitivity u sing Mg-phthalocyanine thin films. Applied Surface Science, 244, 563–567. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.10.120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.10.12010.1016/j.apsusc.2004.10.120Suche in Google Scholar
[17] Padinger, F., Rittberger, R., & Sariciftci, N. S. (2003). Effects of postproduction treatment on plastic solar cells. Advanced Functional Materials, 13, 85–88. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200390011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20039001110.1002/adfm.200390011Suche in Google Scholar
[18] Park, S. H., Roy, A., Beaupré, S., Cho, S., Coates, N., Moon, J. S., Moses, D., Leclerc, M., Lee, K., & Heeger, A. J. (2009). Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100%. Nature Photonics, 3, 297–302. DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2009.69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.6910.1038/nphoton.2009.69Suche in Google Scholar
[19] Potje-Kamloth, K. (2008). Semiconductor junction gas sensors. Chemical Reviews, 108, 367–399. DOI: 10.1021/cr0681086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr068108610.1021/cr0681086Suche in Google Scholar
[20] Samanta, S., Singh, A., Debnath, A. K., Aswal, D. K., Gupta, S. K., Yakhmi, J. V., Singh, S., Basu, S., & Deshpande, S. K. (2008). Oxygen induced hysteretic current-voltage characteristics of iron-phthalocyanine thin films. Journal of Applied Physics, 104, 073717. DOI: 10.1063/1.2990060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.299006010.1063/1.2990060Suche in Google Scholar
[21] Shihub, S. I., & Gould, R. D. (1993). Structure and phasechange phenomena in evaporated thin films of cobalt phthalocyanine. Physica Status Solidi (A), 139, 129–138. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211390110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.221139011010.1002/pssa.2211390110Suche in Google Scholar
[22] Wright, J. D. (1989). Gas adsorption on phthalocyanines and its effects on electrical properties. Progress in Surface Science, 31, 1–60. DOI: 10.1016/0079-6816(89)90012-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6816(89)90012-910.1016/0079-6816(89)90012-9Suche in Google Scholar
© 2011 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Ultrathin organic, inorganic, hybrid, and living cell coatings — Topical Issue
- Functional polymer thin films designed for antifouling materials and biosensors
- In-situ polymerized molecularly imprinted polymeric thin films used as sensing layers in surface plasmon resonance sensors: Mini-review focused on 2010–2011
- Design of polyglycidol-containing microspheres for biomedical applications
- On the interfacial chemistry of aryl diazonium compounds in polymer science
- Polypyrrole coating of inorganic and organic materials by chemical oxidative polymerisation
- Spectroscopy of thin polyaniline films deposited during chemical oxidation of aniline
- Ultrathin functional films of titanium(IV) oxide
- Sol-gel thin films with anti-reflective and self-cleaning properties
- Nanostructured electrocatalysts immobilised on electrode surfaces and organic film templates
- Influence of adsorbed oxygen on charge transport and chlorine gas-sensing characteristics of thin cobalt phthalocyanine films
- Ni-W alloy coatings deposited from a citrate electrolyte
- Role of reactive species in processing materials at laboratory temperature by spray plasma devices
- Electrodeposition of hafnium and hafnium-based coatings in molten salts
- Role of interfacial chemistry on the rheology and thermo-mechanical properties of clay-polymer nanocomposites for building applications
- Endothelial cell adhesion on polyelectrolyte multilayer films functionalised with fibronectin and collagen
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Ultrathin organic, inorganic, hybrid, and living cell coatings — Topical Issue
- Functional polymer thin films designed for antifouling materials and biosensors
- In-situ polymerized molecularly imprinted polymeric thin films used as sensing layers in surface plasmon resonance sensors: Mini-review focused on 2010–2011
- Design of polyglycidol-containing microspheres for biomedical applications
- On the interfacial chemistry of aryl diazonium compounds in polymer science
- Polypyrrole coating of inorganic and organic materials by chemical oxidative polymerisation
- Spectroscopy of thin polyaniline films deposited during chemical oxidation of aniline
- Ultrathin functional films of titanium(IV) oxide
- Sol-gel thin films with anti-reflective and self-cleaning properties
- Nanostructured electrocatalysts immobilised on electrode surfaces and organic film templates
- Influence of adsorbed oxygen on charge transport and chlorine gas-sensing characteristics of thin cobalt phthalocyanine films
- Ni-W alloy coatings deposited from a citrate electrolyte
- Role of reactive species in processing materials at laboratory temperature by spray plasma devices
- Electrodeposition of hafnium and hafnium-based coatings in molten salts
- Role of interfacial chemistry on the rheology and thermo-mechanical properties of clay-polymer nanocomposites for building applications
- Endothelial cell adhesion on polyelectrolyte multilayer films functionalised with fibronectin and collagen
