Metal retention, mineralogy, and design considerations of a mature permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for acidic mine water drainage in Northumberland, U.K.
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Manuel A. Caraballo
,
Esther Santofimia
Abstract
Mineralogical characterization of the precipitates developed in passive systems treating minepolluted waters is an essential tool to fully understand and control the removal processes taking place in these systems. In 2008, after five years of operation, a section of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Shilbottle, Northumberland, was subjected to a low intrusive/non-destructive solid sampling. These solid samples were mineralogically characterized by XRD, ESEM-EDS, and sequential extractions. In addition to the solid sampling, 44 water samples obtained in the PRB from January 2004 to August 2009 were used to study the mineral stability of some selected phases in these waters. It was observed that the main iron phases in the PRB were those associated with mineral phases typically developed in non-reducing environments (schwertmannite and goethite), while the presence of a significant amount of pyrite was also observed. The low residence time of the water within the PRB (from 10 to 40 h) appears to be the reason for the absence of a more reducing and less acidic environment in the reactive substrate. An increase of residence time in the PRB, by increasing reactive mixture porosity and resizing the PRB, changes in the reactive material employed (smaller limestone grain size and inclusion of zerovalent iron) and changes in the PRB design (isolating top layer and forced homogeneous flow upward through all the reactive material) are proposed for future reconditioning of the system.
© 2015 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
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Articles in the same Issue
- Characterization of cation environments in polycrystalline forsterite by 25Mg MAS, MQMAS, and QCPMG NMR
- Structure of nanocrystalline phyllomanganates produced by freshwater fungi
- First-principles study on variation of lattice parameters of mullite Al4+2xSi2–2xO10–x (x = 0.125, 0.250, 0.375)
- Natrolite may not be a “soda-stone” anymore: Structural study of fully K-, Rb-, and Cs-exchanged natrolite
- Metal retention, mineralogy, and design considerations of a mature permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for acidic mine water drainage in Northumberland, U.K.
- A relationship between d104 value and composition in the calcite-disordered dolomite solid-solution series
- XRD, micro-XANES, EMPA, and SIMS investigation on phlogopite single crystals from Mt. Vulture (Italy)
- Volume behavior of the 10 Å phase at high pressures and temperatures, with implications for H2O content
- Interfacial tension between immiscible liquids in the system K2O-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 and implications for the kinetics of silicate melt unmixing
- H2O and the dehydroxylation of phyllosilicates: An infrared spectroscopic study
- Effects of intermediate range structure on the 29Si NMR chemical shifts of framework silicates: Results for analcime
- High-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy: A probe for the relaxation time of Fe species in silicate melts and glasses
- The thermal equation of state of FeTiO3 ilmenite based on in situ X-ray diffraction at high pressures and temperatures
- OH species, U ions, and CO/CO2 in thermally annealed metamict zircon (ZrSiO4)
- Crystallographic and chemical constraints on the nature of the proustite–pyrargyrite solid-solution series
- Accurate μRaman characterization of reaction products at the surface of (bio)oxidized pyrite
- Determination of manganese valence states in (Mn3+, Mn4+) minerals by electron energy-loss spectroscopy
- AFM study of the epitaxial growth of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) on gypsum cleavage surfaces
- Compressibility of protoamphibole: A high-pressure single-crystal diffraction study of protomangano-ferro-anthophyllite
- Crystal structure of hydrous wadsleyite with 2.8% H2O and compressibility to 60 GPa
- Dehydration and rehydration processes in gmelinite: An in situ X-ray single-crystal study
- Characteristics of emission centers in alkali feldspar: A new approach by using cathodoluminescence spectral deconvolution
- Mechanism of metamorphic zircon growth in a granulite-facies quartzite, Adirondack Highlands, Grenville Province, New York
- Speciation and mixing behavior of silica-saturated aqueous fluid at high temperature and pressure
- A critical comment on Thy et al. (2009b): Liquidus temperatures of the Skaergaard magma
