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Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China

  • Lulu Zhao ORCID logo , Hanlie Hong , Qian Fang , Hetang Hei and Thomas J. Algeo
Published/Copyright: October 4, 2023
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 108 Issue 10

Abstract

Clay-mineral evolution in supergene environments is commonly a complex process subject to hydrologic influences on clay-mineral transformations, yet these influences remain insufficiently investigated to date. A quaternary red soil profile with evident redoximorphic features in subtropical monsoonal China was investigated with a focus on processes of secondary clay-mineral transformation. Evidence provided by soil physical and chemical descriptions, clay-mineral analysis, spectroscopic characterization, extractions of pedogenic Al and Fe species, and geochemical compositions reveals a complex relationship of clay minerals and iron phases to pedogenic weathering conditions as a function of depth in the studied soil profile. The soil profile can be divided into a homogenous horizon (HH; 0–2.0 m), a redoximorphic horizon (RH; 2.0–6.0 m), and a basal layer (BL; 6.0–7.2 m), and these three horizons are dominated by various intermediate clay phases. The HH is characterized by moderately acidic conditions (mean pH = 5.2) and low total organic content (TOC; TOC ≤2.1 g kg–1). More importantly, compared with the lower horizons, the HH contains significantly more active acid-forming cations, as reflected by a greater abundance of Al phases and higher aluminum saturation levels. We infer that the occurrence of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) in the HH is tightly coupled with the nature of the soil acidic pools, which include both H+ ions (i.e., pH) and active acid-forming cations (e.g., Al3+ and Fe3+). The reaction pathway from primary minerals to final weathering products appears to be highly sensitive to dynamic hydrological processes. HIV is favored in generally oxic, well-drained soil systems with adequate acidic cations to maintain acidic weathering. When soils are more waterlogged and the aqueous solution is dominated by base cations, primary minerals tend to transform to smectite group minerals. Therefore, discrete smectite, interstratified illite-smectite (I-S), and interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S) were observed only in the RH and BL. We present a novel framework that links clay-mineral transformation pathways to soil hydrological disturbances, providing new insights into understanding the kinetics of water-mineral interactions in natural soil systems.

Keywords: Pedogenesis; chemical weathering; vermiculite; iron oxides; redox reactions; water-rock interaction

Funding statement: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42002042, 41972040, 42172045, and 42102031), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M672440), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUG170106).

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Received: 2022-07-14
Accepted: 2022-10-26
Published Online: 2023-10-04
Published in Print: 2023-10-26

© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Heavy halogen compositions of lamprophyres derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton
  2. Compositional trends in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas from metasomatized mantle rocks of the Gföhl Unit, Bohemian Massif, Austria
  3. Experimental determination of quartz solubility in H2O-CaCl2 solutions at 600–900 °C and 0.6–1.4 GPa
  4. The use of boron nitride to impose reduced redox conditions in experimental petrology
  5. Structures and transport properties of supercritical SiO2-H2O and NaAlSi3O8-H2O fluids
  6. Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
  7. Witness to strain: Subdomain boundary length and the apparent subdomain boundary density in large strained olivine grains
  8. Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence for an extremely high-pressure-temperature impact event from nanostructural study
  9. Crystal vs. melt compositional effects on the partitioning of the first-row transition and high field strength elements between clinopyroxene and silicic, alkaline, aluminous melts
  10. Microbially induced clay weathering: Smectite-to-kaolinite transformation
  11. Hydrous wadsleyite crystal structure up to 32 GPa
  12. Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
  13. Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
  14. Tetrahedrite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S13, the first nickel member of tetrahedrite group mineral from Luobusa chromite deposits, Tibet, China
  15. New Mineral Names: Heavy metal and minerals from China
  16. Book Review
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8706
Keywords for this article
Pedogenesis; chemical weathering; vermiculite; iron oxides; redox reactions; water-rock interaction

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Heavy halogen compositions of lamprophyres derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton
  2. Compositional trends in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas from metasomatized mantle rocks of the Gföhl Unit, Bohemian Massif, Austria
  3. Experimental determination of quartz solubility in H2O-CaCl2 solutions at 600–900 °C and 0.6–1.4 GPa
  4. The use of boron nitride to impose reduced redox conditions in experimental petrology
  5. Structures and transport properties of supercritical SiO2-H2O and NaAlSi3O8-H2O fluids
  6. Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
  7. Witness to strain: Subdomain boundary length and the apparent subdomain boundary density in large strained olivine grains
  8. Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence for an extremely high-pressure-temperature impact event from nanostructural study
  9. Crystal vs. melt compositional effects on the partitioning of the first-row transition and high field strength elements between clinopyroxene and silicic, alkaline, aluminous melts
  10. Microbially induced clay weathering: Smectite-to-kaolinite transformation
  11. Hydrous wadsleyite crystal structure up to 32 GPa
  12. Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
  13. Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
  14. Tetrahedrite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S13, the first nickel member of tetrahedrite group mineral from Luobusa chromite deposits, Tibet, China
  15. New Mineral Names: Heavy metal and minerals from China
  16. Book Review
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