Abstract
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) investigation of strain mainly uses polycrystalline samples to study fabric development. We extend the use of EBSD for the analysis of large single mineral grains by measuring the apparent surficial subdomain boundary density per unit area, reported here as unit segment length (USL). We apply this USL technique to examine and quantify the plastic deformation recorded by naturally shocked olivine in the low to moderately shocked ureilite meteorite Northwest Africa 2221 and the highly shocked martian dunitic cumulate meteorite Northwest Africa 2737, by assessing the types of subdomain boundaries and the increase of subdomain misorientation with increasing shock metamorphism. We further compare USL results for the shocked olivine in the meteorites with those for the terrestrial deformation of Hawaiian olivine. USL of olivine increases with shock level, and USL from shocked olivine is significantly greater than that of terrestrially deformed olivine. USL is a promising tool for the quantification of plastic deformation in large single crystals from shock as well as terrestrial deformation. The results derived from USL measurements along with local EBSD maps are complementary with quantitative 2D X-ray difraction analysis of crystal deformation and disruption, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of characteristic shock deformation recorded by large single crystals.
References cited
Ashby, M. (1970) The deformation of plastically non-homogeneous materials. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics, 21, 399–424.Search in Google Scholar
Beck, P., Barrat, J.-A., Gillet, P., Wadhwa, M., Franchi, I., Greenwood, R., Bohn, M., Cotten, J., Van de Moortèle, B., and Reynard, B. (2006) Petrography and geochemistry of the chassignite Northwest Africa 2737 (NWA 2737). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2127–2139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.016Search in Google Scholar
Bläß, U.W., Langenhorst, F., and McCammon, C. (2010) Microstructural investigations on strongly stained olivines of the chassignite NWA 2737 and implications for its shock history. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 300, 255–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.047.Search in Google Scholar
Boioli, F., Carrez, P., Cordier, P., Devincre, B., and Marquille, M. (2015) Modeling the creep properties of olivine by 2.5-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 92, 014115, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.014115.Search in Google Scholar
Bunge, H.-J. (2013) Texture Analysis in Materials Science: Mathematical Methods, 614 p. Elsevier.Search in Google Scholar
Cordier, P. (2002) Dislocations and slip systems of mantle minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 51, 137–179, https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.51.1.137Search in Google Scholar
Darot, M. and Gueguen, Y. (1981) High-temperature creep of forsterite single crystals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, (B7), 6219–6234, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB07p06219.Search in Google Scholar
Flemming, R.L. (2007) Micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD): A versatile technique for characterization of Earth and planetary materials. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44, 1333–1346, https://doi.org/10.1139/e07-020Search in Google Scholar
French, B.M. (1998) Traces of Catastrophe: A Handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures, 120 p. Technical Report, LPI Contribution No. 954. Lunar and Planetary Institute.Search in Google Scholar
Fritz, J., Greshake, A., and Fernandes, V.A. (2017) Revising the shock classification of meteorites. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 52, 1216–1232, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12845.Search in Google Scholar
Gueguen, Y. and Darot, M. (1982) Upper mantle plasticity from laboratory experiments. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 29, 51–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(82)90137-6.Search in Google Scholar
Hielscher, R., Silbermann, C.B., Schmidl, E., and Ihlemann, J. (2019a) Denoising of crystal orientation maps. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 52, 984–996, https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576719009075.Search in Google Scholar
Hielscher, R., Bartel, F., and Britton, T.B. (2019b) Gazing at crystal balls: Electron backscatter diffraction pattern analysis and cross correlation on the sphere. Ultra-microscopy, 207, 112836, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112836Search in Google Scholar
Hörz, F. and Quaide, W.L. (1973) Debye-Scherrer investigations of experimentally shocked silicates. The Moon, 6, 45–82, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02630652Search in Google Scholar
Irving, T. (2005) NWA 2221 Meteoritical Bulletin Classification. Antarctic Meteorite Newsletter, 21.Search in Google Scholar
Izawa, M.R., Flemming, R.L., Banerjee, N.R., and McCausland, P.J.A. (2011) Micro-X-ray diffraction assessment of shock stage in enstatite chondrites. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 46, 638–651, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01180.xSearch in Google Scholar
Jenkins, L.E., Flemming, R.L., and McCausland, P.J. (2019) Quantitative in situ XRD measurement of shock metamorphism in Martian meteorites using lattice strain and strain-related mosaicity in olivine. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 54, 902–918, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13245Search in Google Scholar
Korenaga, J. and Karato, S. (2008) A new analysis of experimental data on olivine rheology. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 113, B2.Search in Google Scholar
Li, Y., McCausland, P.J., and Flemming, R.L. (2020) Best Fit for Complex Peaks (BFCP) in Matlab® for quantitative analysis of in situ 2D X-ray diffraction data and Raman spectra. Computers & Geosciences, 144, 104572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cageo.2020.104572.Search in Google Scholar
Li, Y., McCausland, P.J.A., Flemming, R.L., and Yamaguchi, A. (2021a) Quantitative shock measurement of olivine in ureilite meteorites. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 56, 1422–1439, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13706Search in Google Scholar
Li, Y, McCausland, P., and Flemming, R. (2021b) Shock effects on olivine structure and slip systems in martian dunite Northwest Africa 2737, p. 2428. Presented at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.Search in Google Scholar
McCausland, P., Flemming, R., and Izawa, M. (2010) Quantitative shock stage assessment in olivine and pyroxene bearing meteorites via in situ micro-XRD. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, abstract id.P14C-03Search in Google Scholar
Melosh, H.J. (1989) Impact Cratering: A geologic process. Oxford University Press/Clarendon Press.Search in Google Scholar
Pickersgill, A.E., Flemming, R.L., and Osinski, G.R. (2015) Toward quantification of strain-related mosaicity in shocked lunar and terrestrial plagioclase by in situ micro-X-ray diffraction. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 50, 1851–1862, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12514.Search in Google Scholar
Poirier, J. and Nicolas, A. (1975) Deformation-induced recrystallization due to progressive misorientation of subgrains, with special reference to mantle peridotites. The Journal of Geology, 83, 707–720, https://doi.org/10.1086/628163Search in Google Scholar
Prior, D.J., Boyle, A.P., Brenker, F., Cheadle, M.C., Day, A., Lopez, G., Peruzzi, L., Potts, G., Reddy, S., Spiess, R., and others. (1999) The application of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation contrast imaging in the SEM to textural problems in rocks. American Mineralogist, 84, 1741–1759, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1999-11-1204.Search in Google Scholar
Rupert, A.N., McCausland, P.J., and Flemming, R.L. (2020) Ordinary chondrite shock stage quantification using in situ 2-D X-ray diffraction of olivine. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 55(10), 2224–2240.Search in Google Scholar
Skemer, P., Katayama, I., Jiang, Z., and Karato, S. (2005) The misorientation index: Development of a new method for calculating the strength of lattice-preferred orientation. Tectonophysics, 411, 157–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.08.023.Search in Google Scholar
Stöffler, D., Keil, K., and Scott, E.R.D. (1991) Shock metamorphism of ordinary chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 3845–3867, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90078-J.Search in Google Scholar
Stöffler, D., Hamann, C., and Metzler, K. (2018) Shock metamorphism of planetary silicate rocks and sediments: Proposal for an updated classification system. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 53, 5–49, https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12912Search in Google Scholar
Thieme, M., Demouchy, S., Mainprice, D., Barou, F., and Cordier, P. (2018) Stress evolution and associated microstructure during transient creep of olivine at 1000–1200 °C. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 278, 34–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2018.03.002.Search in Google Scholar
Van de Moortèle, B., Reynard, B., McMillan, P.F., Wilson, M., Beck, P., Gillet, P., and Jahn, S. (2007) Shock-induced transformation of olivine to a new metastable (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 polymorph in Martian meteorites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261, 469–475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.030Search in Google Scholar
Vinet, N., Flemming, R.L., and Higgins, M.D. (2011) Crystal structure, mosaicity, and strain analysis of Hawaiian olivines using in situ X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 96, 486–497, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3593Search in Google Scholar
Wheeler, J., Jiang, Z., Prior, D., Tullis, J., Drury, M., and Trimby, P. (2003) From geometry to dynamics of microstructure: Using boundary lengths to quantify boundary misorientations and anisotropy. Tectonophysics, 376, 19–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.08.007.Search in Google Scholar
Wheeler, J., Mariani, E., Piazolo, S., Prior, D.J., Trimby, P., and Drury, M.R. (2009) The Weighted Burgers Vector: A new quantity for constraining dislocation densities and types using electron backscatter diffraction on 2D sections through crystalline materials. Journal of Microscopy, 233, 482–494, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03136.x.Search in Google Scholar
Wieser, P.E., Edmonds, M., Maclennan, J., and Wheeler, J. (2020) Microstructural constraints on magmatic mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i. Nature Communications, 11, 14, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13635-ySearch in Google Scholar
© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America
Articles in the same Issue
- Heavy halogen compositions of lamprophyres derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton
- Compositional trends in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas from metasomatized mantle rocks of the Gföhl Unit, Bohemian Massif, Austria
- Experimental determination of quartz solubility in H2O-CaCl2 solutions at 600–900 °C and 0.6–1.4 GPa
- The use of boron nitride to impose reduced redox conditions in experimental petrology
- Structures and transport properties of supercritical SiO2-H2O and NaAlSi3O8-H2O fluids
- Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
- Witness to strain: Subdomain boundary length and the apparent subdomain boundary density in large strained olivine grains
- Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence for an extremely high-pressure-temperature impact event from nanostructural study
- Crystal vs. melt compositional effects on the partitioning of the first-row transition and high field strength elements between clinopyroxene and silicic, alkaline, aluminous melts
- Microbially induced clay weathering: Smectite-to-kaolinite transformation
- Hydrous wadsleyite crystal structure up to 32 GPa
- Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
- Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
- Tetrahedrite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S13, the first nickel member of tetrahedrite group mineral from Luobusa chromite deposits, Tibet, China
- New Mineral Names: Heavy metal and minerals from China
- Book Review
Articles in the same Issue
- Heavy halogen compositions of lamprophyres derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton
- Compositional trends in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas from metasomatized mantle rocks of the Gföhl Unit, Bohemian Massif, Austria
- Experimental determination of quartz solubility in H2O-CaCl2 solutions at 600–900 °C and 0.6–1.4 GPa
- The use of boron nitride to impose reduced redox conditions in experimental petrology
- Structures and transport properties of supercritical SiO2-H2O and NaAlSi3O8-H2O fluids
- Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
- Witness to strain: Subdomain boundary length and the apparent subdomain boundary density in large strained olivine grains
- Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence for an extremely high-pressure-temperature impact event from nanostructural study
- Crystal vs. melt compositional effects on the partitioning of the first-row transition and high field strength elements between clinopyroxene and silicic, alkaline, aluminous melts
- Microbially induced clay weathering: Smectite-to-kaolinite transformation
- Hydrous wadsleyite crystal structure up to 32 GPa
- Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
- Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
- Tetrahedrite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S13, the first nickel member of tetrahedrite group mineral from Luobusa chromite deposits, Tibet, China
- New Mineral Names: Heavy metal and minerals from China
- Book Review