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Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China

  • Lijie Liu , Taofa Zhou , Bin Fu , Trevor R. Ireland , Dayu Zhang , Guangxian Liu , Feng Yuan , Xiangping Zha and Noel C. White
Published/Copyright: October 4, 2023
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Abstract

Diverse fluid sources and complex fluid flow paths in skarn systems appear to be well documented. Nevertheless, in situ microanalysis of oxygen isotopes by secondary ion microprobe (SIMS) in skarn minerals can provide further high spatial resolution information on this complexity and the formation of skarns and associated ore deposits. In this study, we investigated the Haobugao skarn Zn-Fe-Sn deposit (0.36 M tonnes Zn) in the southern Great Xing’an Range, northeast (NE) China, and the associated Early Cretaceous Wulanba biotite granite. Based on drill hole logging, four early skarn phases are recognized: proximal red-brown garnet-hedenbergite exoskarn, central green garnet exoskarn, light brown garnet-diopside exoskarn, and distal pyroxene skarn. Oxygen isotope analyses of garnet, pyroxene, and other minerals from skarn, oxide, and quartz-sulfide stages were carried out using SIMS to determine the origin and evolution of the skarn-forming hydrothermal system. Garnet from exoskarn has a much wider range in δ18OVSMOW, between –8.1 and +6.0‰, than other stages and minerals. The estimated δ18O values of fluids in equilibrium with the Haobugao skarn vary widely from –5.1‰ to +8.9‰, suggesting that the skarn formed via episodic flux of magmatic fluid and meteoric water. Low δ18O values of cassiterite and quartz from quartz-sulfide stage rocks are +1.2 to +3.6‰, and +5.7 to +5.9‰, respectively, indicating significant contributions of meteoric water during deposition of Pb-Zn sulphides. Therefore, meteoric fluids were periodically present throughout most of the stages of skarn formation at Haobugao.

Funding statement: This research was jointly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91962218), China Geological Survey (Grant No. 12120115033801), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. PA2019GDZC0093). The authors acknowledge the support of Inner Mongolia Chifeng Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration Development for their valuable help during the fieldwork. The first author acknowledges the financial support of the China Scholarship Council during his stay in Australia.

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Received: 2022-03-09
Accepted: 2022-11-14
Published Online: 2023-10-04
Published in Print: 2023-10-26

© 2023 by Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Heavy halogen compositions of lamprophyres derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle beneath eastern North China Craton
  2. Compositional trends in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas from metasomatized mantle rocks of the Gföhl Unit, Bohemian Massif, Austria
  3. Experimental determination of quartz solubility in H2O-CaCl2 solutions at 600–900 °C and 0.6–1.4 GPa
  4. The use of boron nitride to impose reduced redox conditions in experimental petrology
  5. Structures and transport properties of supercritical SiO2-H2O and NaAlSi3O8-H2O fluids
  6. Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
  7. Witness to strain: Subdomain boundary length and the apparent subdomain boundary density in large strained olivine grains
  8. Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence for an extremely high-pressure-temperature impact event from nanostructural study
  9. Crystal vs. melt compositional effects on the partitioning of the first-row transition and high field strength elements between clinopyroxene and silicic, alkaline, aluminous melts
  10. Microbially induced clay weathering: Smectite-to-kaolinite transformation
  11. Hydrous wadsleyite crystal structure up to 32 GPa
  12. Multiple fluid sources in skarn systems: Oxygen isotopic evidence from the Haobugao Zn-Fe-Sn deposit in the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China
  13. Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
  14. Tetrahedrite-(Ni), Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S13, the first nickel member of tetrahedrite group mineral from Luobusa chromite deposits, Tibet, China
  15. New Mineral Names: Heavy metal and minerals from China
  16. Book Review
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