Abstract
The stability of CO2 fluid in the Earth’s mantle is restricted by the carbonation of rock-forming minerals. Among those, the reaction with garnet is of particular interest because it constrains the stability of CO2 fluid in eclogites, whose minerals have been found in the CO2-bearing diamonds. In this work, we determined the equilibrium boundary for the reaction Mg3Al2Si3O12 (Prp) + 3CO2 (fluid) = Al2SiO5 (Ky) + 2SiO2 (Coe/Qz) + 3MgCO3 (Mgs) over the pressure interval 3–6 GPa using a multi-anvil press. Owing to the slow kinetics, the reaction was studied in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions in experiments with durations extending up to 260 h. Our newly determined boundary is situated 3 GPa/950 ± 50 °C, 4.5 GPa/1150 °C, and 6 GPa/1350 ± 50 °C and has the equation P(GPa) = 0.0075 × T (°C) – 4.125. The boundary crosses the graphite-to-diamond transition curve near 4.7 GPa and 1180 °C. Thus, the assemblage garnet + CO2 fluid is stable in the diamond (Dia) stability field under P-T conditions of the continental geotherm with a heat flow of 41 mW/m2.
References cited
Barannik, E.P., Shiryaev, A.A., and Hainschwang, T. (2021) Shift of CO2-I absorption bands in diamond: A pressure or compositional effect? A FTIR mapping study. Diamond and Related Materials, 113, 108280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108280Suche in Google Scholar
Bataleva, Y.V., Kruk, A.N., Novoselov, I.D., Furman, O.V., and Palyanov, Y.N. (2020a) Decarbonation reactions involving ankerite and dolomite under upper mantle P, T-parameters: Experimental modeling. Minerals, 10, 715, https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080715Suche in Google Scholar
Bataleva, Y.V., Novoselov, I.D., Kruk, A.N., Furman, O.V., Reutsky, V.N., and Palyanov, Y.N. (2020b) Experimental modeling of decarbonation reactions resulting in Mg,Fe-garnets and CO2 fluid at the mantle P–T parameters. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 61, 650–662, https://doi.org/10.15372/RGG2020115Suche in Google Scholar
Boyd, F.R. and England, J.L. (1959) Pyrope. Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book, 58, 83–87.Suche in Google Scholar
Chinn, I.L. (1995) A study of unusual diamonds from the George Creek K1 Kimberlite dyke, Colorado. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa.Suche in Google Scholar
Day, H.W. (2012) A revised diamond-graphite transition curve. American Mineralogist, 97, 52–62, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3763Suche in Google Scholar
Fukunaga, O., Ko, Y.S., Konoue, M., Ohashi, N., and Tsurumi, T. (1999) Pressure and temperature control in flat-belt type high pressure apparatus for reproducible diamond synthesis. Diamond and Related Materials, 8, 2036–2042, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00171-5Suche in Google Scholar
Hammouda, T. and Keshav, S. (2015) Melting in the mantle in presence of carbon: Review of experiments and discussion on the origin of carbonatites. Chemical Geology, 418, 171–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.05.018Suche in Google Scholar
Hasterok, D. and Chapman, D.S. (2011) Heat production and geotherms for the continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 307, 59–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.034Suche in Google Scholar
Hemingway, B.S., Bohlen, S.R., Hankins, W.B., Westrum, E.F., and Kuskov, O.L. (1998) Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties for coesite and jadeite, reexamination of the quartz-coesite equilibrium boundary. American Mineralogist, 83, 409–418, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-5-601Suche in Google Scholar
Knoche, R., Sweeney, R.J., and Luth, R.W. (1999) Carbonation and decarbonation of eclogites: The role of garnet. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 332–339, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050515Suche in Google Scholar
Koziol, A.M. and Newton, R.C. (1995) Experimental determination of the reactions magnesite+ quartz = enstatite + CO2 and magnesite = periclase + CO2, and enthalpies of formation of enstatite and magnesite. American Mineralogist, 80, 1252–1260, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1995-11-1214Suche in Google Scholar
Litasov, K.D. and Shatskiy, A.F. (2019) MgCO3 + SiO2 reaction at pressures up to 32 GPa studied using in-situ X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation. Geochemistry International, 57, 1024–1033, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702919090064Suche in Google Scholar
Luth, R.W. (1995) Experimental determination of the reaction dolomite + 2 coesite = diopside + 2 CO2 to 6 GPa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 122, 152–158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050118Suche in Google Scholar
Luth, R.W. (2006) Experimental study of the CaMgSi2O6-CO2 system at 3–8 GPa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 151, 141–157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0051-6Suche in Google Scholar
Martin, A.M. and Hammouda, T. (2011) Role of iron and reducing conditions on the stability of dolomite+ coesite between 4.25 and 6 GPa—a potential mechanism for diamond formation during subduction. European Journal of Mineralogy, 23, 5–16, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2067Suche in Google Scholar
Newton, R.C. and Sharp, W.E. (1975) Stability of forsterite+CO2 and its bearing on the role of CO2 in the mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 26, 239–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(75)90091-6Suche in Google Scholar
Pal’yanov, Y.N., Sokol, A.G., Borzdov, Y.M., and Khokhryakov, A.F. (2002) Fluid-bearing alkaline carbonate melts as the medium for the formation of diamonds in the Earth’s mantle: An experimental study. Lithos, 60, 145–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(01)00079-2Suche in Google Scholar
Ragozin, A.L., Shatsky, V.S., Rylov, G.M., and Goryainov, S.V. (2002) Coesite inclusions in rounded diamonds from placers of the Northeastern Siberian Platform. Doklady Earth Sciences, 384, 385–389.Suche in Google Scholar
Ragozin, A.L., Shatskii, V.S., and Zedgenizov, D.A. (2009) New data on the growth environment of diamonds of the variety V from placers of the Northeastern Siberian platform. Doklady Earth Sciences, 425, 436–440, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X09030192Suche in Google Scholar
Schrauder, M. and Navon, O. (1993) Solid carbon dioxide in natural diamond. Nature, 365, 42–44, https://doi.org/10.1038/365042a0Suche in Google Scholar
Shatskii, A.F., Borzdov, Y.M., Sokol, A.G., and Pal’yanov, Y.N. (2002) Phase formation and diamond crystallization in carbon-bearing ultrapotassic carbonate-silicate systems. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 43, 940–950.Suche in Google Scholar
Shatskiy, A., Litasov, K.D., Terasaki, H., Katsura, T., and Ohtani, E. (2010) Performance of semi-sintered ceramics as pressure-transmitting media up to 30 GPa. High Pressure Research, 30, 443–450, https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2010.515079Suche in Google Scholar
Shatskiy, A., Borzdov, Y.M., Litasov, K.D., Ohtani, E., Khokhryakov, A.F., Pal’yanov, Y.N., and Katsura, T. (2011) Pressless split-sphere apparatus equipped with scaled-up Kawai-cell for mineralogical studies at 10–20 GPa. American Mineralogist, 96, 541–548, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3643Suche in Google Scholar
Shatskiy, A., Podborodnikov, I.V., Arefiev, A.V., Minin, D.A., Chanyshev, A.D., and Litasov, K.D. (2018) Revision of the CaCO3–MgCO3 phase diagram at 3 and 6 GPa. American Mineralogist, 103, 441–452, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6277Suche in Google Scholar
Shirey, S.B., Cartigny, P., Frost, D.J., Keshav, S., Nestola, F., Nimis, P., Pearson, D.G., Sobolev, N.V., and Walter, M.J. (2013) Diamonds and the geology of mantle carbon. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 75, 355–421, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2013.75.12Suche in Google Scholar
Smith, E.M., Kopylova, M.G., Frezzotti, M.L., and Afanasiev, V.P. (2015) Fluid inclusions in Ebelyakh diamonds: Evidence of CO2 liberation in eclogite and the effect of H2O on diamond habit. Lithos, 216, 106–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.12.010Suche in Google Scholar
Sokol, A.G., Borzdov, Y.M., Palyanov, Y.N., and Khokhryakov, A.F. (2015) High-temperature calibration of a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus. High Pressure Research, 35, 139–147, https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2015.1017819Suche in Google Scholar
Sokolova, T.S., Dorogokupets, P.I., and Filippova, A.I. (2022) Equations of state of clino-and orthoenstatite and phase relations in the MgSiO3 system at pressures up to 12 GPa and high temperatures. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 49, article no. 37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-022-01212-7Suche in Google Scholar
Stachel, T. and Luth, R.W. (2015) Diamond formation—Where, when and how? Lithos, 220, 200–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.028Suche in Google Scholar
Tomilenko, A.A., Ragozin, A.L., Shatskii, V.S., and Shebanin, A.P. (2001) Variation in the fluid phase composition in the process of natural diamond crystallization. Doklady Earth Sciences, 379, 571–574.Suche in Google Scholar
Vinogradova, Y.G., Shatskiy, A.F., and Litasov, K.D. (2021) Thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of CO2-fluid with garnets and clinopyroxenes at 3–6 GPa. Geochemistry International, 59, 851–857, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702921080103Suche in Google Scholar
© 2024 by Mineralogical Society of America
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of zircon structure-type materials
- Thermal and combined high-temperature and high-pressure behavior of a natural intermediate scapolite
- Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, and high-pressure behavior of the hydroxide perovskite MgSi(OH)6: A phase relevant to deep subduction of hydrated oceanic crust
- Equilibrium Sn isotope fractionation between aqueous Sn and Sn-bearing minerals: Constrained by first-principles calculations
- Raman spectroscopic investigation of selected natural uranyl sulfate minerals
- Modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite in banded iron-formations and implications for high-grade Fe mineralization during retrogressive metamorphism
- Apatite trace element composition as an indicator of ore deposit types: A machine learning approach
- Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning
- Crystal habit (tracht) of groundmass pyroxene crystals recorded magma ascent paths during the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
- Reconstructing diagenetic mineral reactions from silicified horizons of the Paleoproterozoic Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota
- Mannardite as the main vanadium-hosting mineral in black shale-hosted vanadium deposits, South China
- Molybdenite-bearing vugs in microgranite in the Preissac pluton, Québec, Canada: Relicts of aqueous fluid pockets?
- The equilibrium boundary of the reaction Mg3Al2Si3O12 + 3CO2 = Al2SiO5 + 2SiO2 + 3MgCO3 at 3–6 GPa
- Discussion
- Comment on Lee et al. (2022) “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”— Concerning opal
- Reply
- On “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”—Reply to de Jong
- American Mineralogist thanks the Reviewers for 2023
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of zircon structure-type materials
- Thermal and combined high-temperature and high-pressure behavior of a natural intermediate scapolite
- Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, and high-pressure behavior of the hydroxide perovskite MgSi(OH)6: A phase relevant to deep subduction of hydrated oceanic crust
- Equilibrium Sn isotope fractionation between aqueous Sn and Sn-bearing minerals: Constrained by first-principles calculations
- Raman spectroscopic investigation of selected natural uranyl sulfate minerals
- Modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite in banded iron-formations and implications for high-grade Fe mineralization during retrogressive metamorphism
- Apatite trace element composition as an indicator of ore deposit types: A machine learning approach
- Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning
- Crystal habit (tracht) of groundmass pyroxene crystals recorded magma ascent paths during the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
- Reconstructing diagenetic mineral reactions from silicified horizons of the Paleoproterozoic Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota
- Mannardite as the main vanadium-hosting mineral in black shale-hosted vanadium deposits, South China
- Molybdenite-bearing vugs in microgranite in the Preissac pluton, Québec, Canada: Relicts of aqueous fluid pockets?
- The equilibrium boundary of the reaction Mg3Al2Si3O12 + 3CO2 = Al2SiO5 + 2SiO2 + 3MgCO3 at 3–6 GPa
- Discussion
- Comment on Lee et al. (2022) “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”— Concerning opal
- Reply
- On “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”—Reply to de Jong
- American Mineralogist thanks the Reviewers for 2023