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Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning

  • Shichao Ji ORCID logo , Fang Huang ORCID logo , Shaoze Wang , Priyantan Gupta , William Seyfried , Hejia Zhang , Xu Chu , Wentao Cao ORCID logo and J ZhangZhou ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: January 30, 2024
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 109 Issue 2

Abstract

The three main serpentine minerals, chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite, form in various geological settings and have different chemical compositions and rheological properties. The accurate identification of serpentine minerals is thus of fundamental importance to understanding global geochemical cycles and the tectonic evolution of serpentine-bearing rocks. However, it is challenging to distinguish specific serpentine species solely based on geochemical data obtained by traditional analytical techniques. Here, we apply machine learning approaches to classify serpentine minerals based on their chemical compositions alone. Using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, we trained a classifier model (overall accuracy of 87.2%) that is capable of distinguishing between low-temperature (chrysotile and lizardite) and high-temperature (antigorite) serpentines mainly based on their SiO2, NiO, and Al2O3 contents. We also utilized a k-means model to demonstrate that the tectonic environment in which serpentine minerals form correlates with their chemical compositions. Our results obtained by combining these classification and clustering models imply the increase of Al2O3 and SiO2 contents and the decrease of NiO content during the transformation from low- to high-temperature serpentine (i.e., lizardite and chrysotile to antigorite) under greenschist–blueschist conditions. These correlations can be used to constrain mass transfer and the surrounding environments during the subduction of hydrated oceanic crust.

Keywords: Serpentine; machine learning; XGBoost, classifications; k-means; clustering

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Received: 2022-07-03
Accepted: 2023-03-24
Published Online: 2024-01-30
Published in Print: 2024-02-26

© 2024 by Mineralogical Society of America

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of zircon structure-type materials
  2. Thermal and combined high-temperature and high-pressure behavior of a natural intermediate scapolite
  3. Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, and high-pressure behavior of the hydroxide perovskite MgSi(OH)6: A phase relevant to deep subduction of hydrated oceanic crust
  4. Equilibrium Sn isotope fractionation between aqueous Sn and Sn-bearing minerals: Constrained by first-principles calculations
  5. Raman spectroscopic investigation of selected natural uranyl sulfate minerals
  6. Modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite in banded iron-formations and implications for high-grade Fe mineralization during retrogressive metamorphism
  7. Apatite trace element composition as an indicator of ore deposit types: A machine learning approach
  8. Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning
  9. Crystal habit (tracht) of groundmass pyroxene crystals recorded magma ascent paths during the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
  10. Reconstructing diagenetic mineral reactions from silicified horizons of the Paleoproterozoic Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota
  11. Mannardite as the main vanadium-hosting mineral in black shale-hosted vanadium deposits, South China
  12. Molybdenite-bearing vugs in microgranite in the Preissac pluton, Québec, Canada: Relicts of aqueous fluid pockets?
  13. The equilibrium boundary of the reaction Mg3Al2Si3O12 + 3CO2 = Al2SiO5 + 2SiO2 + 3MgCO3 at 3–6 GPa
  14. Discussion
  15. Comment on Lee et al. (2022) “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”— Concerning opal
  16. Reply
  17. On “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”—Reply to de Jong
  18. American Mineralogist thanks the Reviewers for 2023
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8688
Keywords for this article
Serpentine; machine learning; XGBoost, classifications; k-means; clustering

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of zircon structure-type materials
  2. Thermal and combined high-temperature and high-pressure behavior of a natural intermediate scapolite
  3. Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, and high-pressure behavior of the hydroxide perovskite MgSi(OH)6: A phase relevant to deep subduction of hydrated oceanic crust
  4. Equilibrium Sn isotope fractionation between aqueous Sn and Sn-bearing minerals: Constrained by first-principles calculations
  5. Raman spectroscopic investigation of selected natural uranyl sulfate minerals
  6. Modified magnetite and hydrothermal apatite in banded iron-formations and implications for high-grade Fe mineralization during retrogressive metamorphism
  7. Apatite trace element composition as an indicator of ore deposit types: A machine learning approach
  8. Identifying serpentine minerals by their chemical compositions with machine learning
  9. Crystal habit (tracht) of groundmass pyroxene crystals recorded magma ascent paths during the 2011 Shinmoedake eruption
  10. Reconstructing diagenetic mineral reactions from silicified horizons of the Paleoproterozoic Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota
  11. Mannardite as the main vanadium-hosting mineral in black shale-hosted vanadium deposits, South China
  12. Molybdenite-bearing vugs in microgranite in the Preissac pluton, Québec, Canada: Relicts of aqueous fluid pockets?
  13. The equilibrium boundary of the reaction Mg3Al2Si3O12 + 3CO2 = Al2SiO5 + 2SiO2 + 3MgCO3 at 3–6 GPa
  14. Discussion
  15. Comment on Lee et al. (2022) “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”— Concerning opal
  16. Reply
  17. On “Reexamination of the structure of opal-A: A combined study of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis”—Reply to de Jong
  18. American Mineralogist thanks the Reviewers for 2023
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