Startseite Chemical fingerprints and residence times of olivine in the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawaii: Insights into picrite formation
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Chemical fingerprints and residence times of olivine in the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawaii: Insights into picrite formation

  • Richard W. Bradshaw EMAIL logo , Adam J.R. Kent und Frank J. Tepley III
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 30. Oktober 2018
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 103 Heft 11

Abstract

Olivine-rich mafic volcanic rocks (picrites) are a common and important part of ocean island and flood basalt volcanism. Despite their primitive bulk compositions (high MgO, FeO, Mg#, and low SiO2), olivine-rich magmas are typically interpreted as the result of the addition of olivine from cumulate zones into more evolved basaltic liquids (MgO ≤ ~8 wt%). There are commonly two texturally distinct olivine populations in picrites: type 1 grains with planar dislocation (kink) bands, subgrains, or undulose extinction; and type 2 grains that lack these optical textures. Type 1 olivine is similar in texture to olivine from tectonized ultramafic rocks, suggesting that these textures result from plastic deformation, likely within cumulate zones. However, recently it has been proposed that type 1 olivine could also result from growth phenomena or crystal-crystal collisions. In the Kilauea Iki picrite samples used in this study, type 1 grains make up only 10–20% of the modal olivine; however they make up 30–65% of the total olivine by volume due to their large size. Therefore, type 1 grains make a large contribution to the overall composition of Kilauea Iki picrites. A combination of textural (optical defects, crystal size distributions, and minor element zoning) and geochemical analyses (trace element concentrations and diffusion of minor elements) suggests that type 1 and type 2 olivine grains have experienced distinctly different petrological histories and that they are antecrysts and autocrysts, respectively. Differences between type 1 and type 2 olivine are evident in the abundances of slow diffusing trace elements (Al, P, Ti, V), which are likely inherited from their distinct parent magmas. Type 1 and type 2 grains also define different slopes in crystal size distributions, and constraints from diffusion of P and Cr suggest that type 1 grains have longer magmatic residence times than type 2 grains. Type 1 grains likely derive from deformed cumulates within the plumbing system of Kilauea volcano, and our work supports the hypothesis that picrites from Kilauea Iki are formed by the accumulation of antecrystic olivine in more evolved basaltic liquid. Our work further supports models that type 1 olivine textures are formed during plastic deformation within cumulate zones and are not the result of growth phenomena. Our methods can be applied to other olivine-rich volcanic rocks to test the cumulate model for the formation of type 1 olivine textures, which are relatively common in picritic and related rocks from other settings.

Keywords: Kilauea Iki; olivine; picrite; diffusion; crystal size distribution; olivine cumulate
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, U.S.A.

Acknowledgments

We thank Matt Loewen and Andy Ungerer for training and assistance with the laser ablation ICP-MS analysis and Peter Eschbach and Teresa Sawyer for their training and assistance with the SEM and EBSD analysis. We also thank Mike Garcia for discussions of Hawaiian magmatism. Reviews by R. Helz, B. Welsch, and editorial handling and review by J. Hammer substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grant EAR-1425491 to A.J.R.K. and a GSA Graduate Student Research grant to R.W.B.

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Received: 2017-10-13
Accepted: 2018-07-13
Published Online: 2018-10-30
Published in Print: 2018-11-27

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  12. Chemical fingerprints and residence times of olivine in the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawaii: Insights into picrite formation
  13. Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses
  14. Dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation as drivers of the thermal decomposition of Fe-chlorites
  15. High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  16. Letter
  17. Raman elastic geobarometry for anisotropic mineral inclusions
  18. Synthesis and crystal structure of Mg-bearing Fe9O11: New insight in the complexity of Fe-Mg oxides at conditions of the deep upper mantle
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6331
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Kilauea Iki; olivine; picrite; diffusion; crystal size distribution; olivine cumulate

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Probing planetary core structure and dynamics using density and sound velocity
  3. Mapping the distribution of melt during anatexis at the source area of crustal granites by synchrotron μ-XRF
  4. Geochemical constraints on residual metal and sulfide in the sources of lunar mare basalts
  5. High-temperature behavior of natural ferrierite: In-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study
  6. The crystal chemistry of the sakhaite–harkerite solid solution
  7. Quantitative analysis of H-species in anisotropic minerals by unpolarized infrared spectroscopy: An experimental evaluation
  8. Liquid properties in the Fe-FeS system under moderate pressure: Tool box to model small planetary cores
  9. Solution mechanisms of COHN fluids in melts to upper mantle temperature, pressure, and redox conditions
  10. Dating phosphates of the strongly shocked Suizhou chondrite
  11. Quantitative measurement of olivine composition in three dimensions using helical-scan X-ray micro-tomography
  12. Chemical fingerprints and residence times of olivine in the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawaii: Insights into picrite formation
  13. Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses
  14. Dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation as drivers of the thermal decomposition of Fe-chlorites
  15. High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  16. Letter
  17. Raman elastic geobarometry for anisotropic mineral inclusions
  18. Synthesis and crystal structure of Mg-bearing Fe9O11: New insight in the complexity of Fe-Mg oxides at conditions of the deep upper mantle
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