Home Physical Sciences High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A.
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High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A.

  • Duncan S. Keller EMAIL logo and Jay J. Ague
Published/Copyright: October 30, 2018
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 103 Issue 11

Abstract

We quantify the metamorphic pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions for a newly discovered silicaundersaturated high-pressure granulite (HPG) from the Central Maine Terrane (CMT) in northeastern Connecticut, U.S.A. The rocks lie within the Acadian-Neoacadian orogenic belt (Devonian) and form part of the Brimfield Schist. The Brimfield and the adjacent Bigelow Brook Formation contain silica-saturated rocks that have previously been shown to have undergone ~1000 °C metamorphism. The pressure was less well constrained at ≥ ~1 GPa. Silica-undersaturated rocks hold underutilized potential for pinpointing peak metamorphic conditions, particularly pressure, because of their resilience to melting and the variety of refractory minerals they contain. The typical silica-undersaturated mineral assemblage is garnet + spinel + corundum + plagioclase + K-feldspar + biotite + ilmenite. Leucosomes are syenites consisting of two feldspars ± biotite. Plagioclase is commonly antiperthitic, particularly in feldspathic domains surrounding peritectic garnet; such garnet crystals reach ~10 cm in diameter. Alkali feldspars are perthitic. The rocks contain remarkable ellipsoidal spinels as much as 5.5 cm long comprising discrete crystallographic domains hosting crystallographically oriented lamellae of a Fe-Ti phase, most likely ilmenite. Corundum is usually colorless, but can also be found as sapphire in shades of pink, purple, and blue, particularly in antiperthite-rich domains surrounding large garnets. Some sapphires are concentrically color zoned. We carried out a P-T estimation using ternary feldspar reintegration thermometry of metamorphic antiperthites together with pseudosection modeling. Samples texturally and chemically record near-eclogite facies equilibration at minimum conditions of ~1040 °C and ~1.8 GPa, establishing the CMT in northeastern CT as the first known HPG locality in the U.S. These results are consistent with high P2O5 levels found in garnet (0.18 wt%), Ti-in-biotite thermometry, regional sillimanite pseudomorphs after kyanite, and preliminary experimental work on melt inclusions in garnet (Ferrero et al. 2017). The leucosomes provide strong evidence that partial melting of silica-undersaturated rocks at HPG conditions can produce syenitic magmata. Strongly melt-depleted silica-undersaturated rocks may also be protoliths for garnet + spinel + corundum xenoliths reported from kimberlites. The presence of HPG gneisses demonstrates that the large-scale thrusts of the CMT sample the deepest roots of the orogenic belt (60–70 km), and perhaps even deeper subduction zone lithologies as well.

Keywords: High-pressure granulite; silica-undersaturated; corundum; spinel; garnet; syenite

Acknowledgments

We thank E.M. Stewart, J.A. Axler, S. Fererro, D.M. Rye, M.T. Brandon, and J.B. Murphy for discussions, J.O. Eckert Jr. for his EPMA expertise, M. Caddick, J.A.D. Connolly, and D.K. Tinkham for help with the HP11 database, and S. Nicolescu and F. Phillips for photography assistance. We also thank B.R. Hacker and C.A. Hauzenberger for thorough and constructive reviews. Becker Construction Company graciously allowed access to the field area. Support from the National Science Foundation (EAR-0744154, EAR-1250269, and EAR-1753553) and Yale University is gratefully acknowledged.

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Received: 2018-03-08
Accepted: 2018-07-16
Published Online: 2018-10-30
Published in Print: 2018-11-27

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Probing planetary core structure and dynamics using density and sound velocity
  3. Mapping the distribution of melt during anatexis at the source area of crustal granites by synchrotron μ-XRF
  4. Geochemical constraints on residual metal and sulfide in the sources of lunar mare basalts
  5. High-temperature behavior of natural ferrierite: In-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study
  6. The crystal chemistry of the sakhaite–harkerite solid solution
  7. Quantitative analysis of H-species in anisotropic minerals by unpolarized infrared spectroscopy: An experimental evaluation
  8. Liquid properties in the Fe-FeS system under moderate pressure: Tool box to model small planetary cores
  9. Solution mechanisms of COHN fluids in melts to upper mantle temperature, pressure, and redox conditions
  10. Dating phosphates of the strongly shocked Suizhou chondrite
  11. Quantitative measurement of olivine composition in three dimensions using helical-scan X-ray micro-tomography
  12. Chemical fingerprints and residence times of olivine in the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawaii: Insights into picrite formation
  13. Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses
  14. Dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation as drivers of the thermal decomposition of Fe-chlorites
  15. High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  16. Letter
  17. Raman elastic geobarometry for anisotropic mineral inclusions
  18. Synthesis and crystal structure of Mg-bearing Fe9O11: New insight in the complexity of Fe-Mg oxides at conditions of the deep upper mantle
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6543
Keywords for this article
High-pressure granulite; silica-undersaturated; corundum; spinel; garnet; syenite

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Probing planetary core structure and dynamics using density and sound velocity
  3. Mapping the distribution of melt during anatexis at the source area of crustal granites by synchrotron μ-XRF
  4. Geochemical constraints on residual metal and sulfide in the sources of lunar mare basalts
  5. High-temperature behavior of natural ferrierite: In-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study
  6. The crystal chemistry of the sakhaite–harkerite solid solution
  7. Quantitative analysis of H-species in anisotropic minerals by unpolarized infrared spectroscopy: An experimental evaluation
  8. Liquid properties in the Fe-FeS system under moderate pressure: Tool box to model small planetary cores
  9. Solution mechanisms of COHN fluids in melts to upper mantle temperature, pressure, and redox conditions
  10. Dating phosphates of the strongly shocked Suizhou chondrite
  11. Quantitative measurement of olivine composition in three dimensions using helical-scan X-ray micro-tomography
  12. Chemical fingerprints and residence times of olivine in the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, Hawaii: Insights into picrite formation
  13. Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses
  14. Dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation as drivers of the thermal decomposition of Fe-chlorites
  15. High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (~1.8 GPa) revealed in silica-undersaturated garnet-spinel-corundum gneiss, Central Maine Terrane, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  16. Letter
  17. Raman elastic geobarometry for anisotropic mineral inclusions
  18. Synthesis and crystal structure of Mg-bearing Fe9O11: New insight in the complexity of Fe-Mg oxides at conditions of the deep upper mantle
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