Startseite Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks
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Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks

  • Maarten A.T.M. Broekmans EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Januar 2016
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American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 101 Heft 1

Abstract

Portland cement clinker is primarily used in building and construction, with a global annual production of ∼4 billion tonnes. Part of it is also used for immobilization of hazardous materials (e.g., industrial slurries, harbor bottom sludge, shredded tires), notably those containing toxic metals like e.g., zinc, cadmium, barium (Trezza and Scian 2000). Limited amounts may be added to the raw meal and get incorporated into the clinker minerals upon burning (Taylor 1997), assuming they remain immobilized in the high-pH concrete or mortar environment after hydration and setting of the cement. Extensive laboratory tests seem to confirm effective mobilization, but are generally of limited duration for reason of practicality. Access to sample materials from centennia- or millennia-old structures is limited for reasons of cultural heritage preservation, and none of these structures were originally designed for environmental reasons. The paper by Khoury et al. (2016) analyzes uncommon combustion-metamorphic rocks from Jordan closely resembling cement-immobilized waste, exposed to supergene weathering and alteration over time spans far exceeding experimental practicality.

Keywords: Combustion metamorphism; impure chalk-marl; lime-monteponite series; portlandite; weathering; alteration; cadmium; immobilization

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  1. Manuscript handled by Keith Putirka.

Received: 2015-9-2
Accepted: 2015-9-9
Published Online: 2016-1-9
Published in Print: 2016-1-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A spin on lower mantle mineralogy
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Spinel in planetary systems
  7. Review
  8. Pathways for nitrogen cycling in Earth's crust and upper mantle: A review and new results for microporous beryl and cordierite
  9. Invited Centennial Article
  10. Metamorphic chronology—a tool for all ages: Past achievements and future prospects
  11. Review
  12. K-bentonites: A review
  13. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  14. Ca-Al-silicate inclusions in natural moissanite (SiC)
  15. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  16. Immiscible melt droplets in garnet, as represented by ilmenite–magnetite–spinel spheroids in an eclogite-garnet peridotite association, Blanský les Granulite Massif, Czech Republic
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
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  20. Radiation damage haloes in biotite investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
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  22. A spreadsheet for calculating normative mole fractions of end-member species for Na-Ca-Li-Fe2+-Mg-Al tourmalines from electron microprobe data
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  24. Preservation of organic matter in nontronite against iron redox cycling
  25. Article
  26. Influence of organic matter on smectite illitization: A comparison between red and dark mudstones from the Dongying Depression, China
  27. Article
  28. Intermediate members of the lime-monteponite solid solutions (Ca1–xCdxO, x = 0.36–0.55): Discovery in natural occurrence
  29. Article
  30. Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: Lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra
  31. Article
  32. FTIR spectroscopy of D2O and HDO molecules in the c-axis channels of synthetic beryl
  33. Article
  34. Experimental constraints on mantle sulfide melting up to 8 GPa
  35. Article
  36. Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets
  37. Article
  38. Phase stabilities and spin transitions of Fe3(S1−xPx) at high pressure and its implications in meteorites
  39. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  40. The W-WO2 oxygen fugacity buffer (WWO) at high pressure and temperature: Implications for fO2 buffering and metal-silicate partitioning
  41. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  42. Timescales of magma storage and migration recorded by olivine crystals in basalts of the March-April 2010 eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland
  43. Letter
  44. In-situ crystal structure determination of seifertite SiO2 at 129 GPa: Studying a minor phase near Earth's core–mantle boundary
  45. New Mineral Names
  46. New Mineral Names*,†
  47. Book Review
  48. A Pictorial Guide to Metamorphic Rocks in the Field
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5548
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Combustion metamorphism; impure chalk-marl; lime-monteponite series; portlandite; weathering; alteration; cadmium; immobilization

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A spin on lower mantle mineralogy
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Spinel in planetary systems
  7. Review
  8. Pathways for nitrogen cycling in Earth's crust and upper mantle: A review and new results for microporous beryl and cordierite
  9. Invited Centennial Article
  10. Metamorphic chronology—a tool for all ages: Past achievements and future prospects
  11. Review
  12. K-bentonites: A review
  13. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  14. Ca-Al-silicate inclusions in natural moissanite (SiC)
  15. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  16. Immiscible melt droplets in garnet, as represented by ilmenite–magnetite–spinel spheroids in an eclogite-garnet peridotite association, Blanský les Granulite Massif, Czech Republic
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  18. Tetrahedral boron in natural and synthetic HP/UHP tourmaline: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy, EMPA, and single-crystal XRD
  19. Article
  20. Radiation damage haloes in biotite investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
  21. Article
  22. A spreadsheet for calculating normative mole fractions of end-member species for Na-Ca-Li-Fe2+-Mg-Al tourmalines from electron microprobe data
  23. Article
  24. Preservation of organic matter in nontronite against iron redox cycling
  25. Article
  26. Influence of organic matter on smectite illitization: A comparison between red and dark mudstones from the Dongying Depression, China
  27. Article
  28. Intermediate members of the lime-monteponite solid solutions (Ca1–xCdxO, x = 0.36–0.55): Discovery in natural occurrence
  29. Article
  30. Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: Lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra
  31. Article
  32. FTIR spectroscopy of D2O and HDO molecules in the c-axis channels of synthetic beryl
  33. Article
  34. Experimental constraints on mantle sulfide melting up to 8 GPa
  35. Article
  36. Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets
  37. Article
  38. Phase stabilities and spin transitions of Fe3(S1−xPx) at high pressure and its implications in meteorites
  39. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  40. The W-WO2 oxygen fugacity buffer (WWO) at high pressure and temperature: Implications for fO2 buffering and metal-silicate partitioning
  41. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  42. Timescales of magma storage and migration recorded by olivine crystals in basalts of the March-April 2010 eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland
  43. Letter
  44. In-situ crystal structure determination of seifertite SiO2 at 129 GPa: Studying a minor phase near Earth's core–mantle boundary
  45. New Mineral Names
  46. New Mineral Names*,†
  47. Book Review
  48. A Pictorial Guide to Metamorphic Rocks in the Field
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