Home Physical Sciences Intermediate members of the lime-monteponite solid solutions (Ca1–xCdxO, x = 0.36–0.55): Discovery in natural occurrence
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Intermediate members of the lime-monteponite solid solutions (Ca1–xCdxO, x = 0.36–0.55): Discovery in natural occurrence

  • Hani N. Khoury , Ella V. Sokol EMAIL logo , Svetlana N. Kokh , Yurii V. Seryotkin , Olga A. Kozmenko , Sergey V. Goryainov and Ian D. Clark
Published/Copyright: January 9, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 1

Abstract

Lime-monteponite solid solutions [(Ca,Cd)O ss] with 58.5–73.3 wt% CdO were discovered as an accessory phase in medium-temperature combustion metamorphic (CM) spurrite-fluorellestadite/ fluorapatite marbles from central Jordan. The type locality is situated in the northern part of the Siwaqa complex (Tulul Al Hammam area), the largest area of the “Mottled Zone” Formation in the Dead Sea region. The marbles were derived from bitumen-rich calcareous marine sediments of the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation, which have high Cd, Zn, U, and Ni enrichments and contain Cd-rich wurtzite and sphalerite. Oxidative sintering of these sediments at 800–850 °C gave rise to unusual oxide accessories: lime-monteponite solid solutions, Cd-bearing Ca and Zn aluminate—tululite, zincite, and Zn-, Ni-, and Cu-rich periclase. Cadmium incorporation into different oxides was controlled by steric factors, while Cd[6]→ Ca[6] was the principal isomorphic substitution. The intermediate members (Ca0.645Cd0.355)O–(Ca0.453Cd0.547)O with a halite-type structure have a cadmium incorporation ratio (KCd = Cdmineral/Cdrock) of about 843 and are the main sites for cadmium in CM marbles. In supergene environments, at low water/rock ratios, (Ca1−xCdx)(OH)2 ss (x ≤ 0.5) constitute the main secondary phase after (Ca,Cd)O ss. At higher water/rock ratios and in the presence of Cl− and F− in the solutions, calcium, and cadmium precipitated as separate phases ﹛fluorite (CaF2) and basic cadmium chloride [Cd(OH)2–xClx)]﹜. A part of cadmium becomes retained in calcium silicate hydrates. The common occurrence of anhydrous (Ca,Cd)O grains in natural rocks, only partly altered to (Ca,Cd)-hydroxide after at least 100 ka exposure to weather and climate, proves that both phases are effective long-term Cd immobilizers.

Keywords: Lime-monteponite CaO-CdO solid solution; cadmium enrichment; hydrous alteration; combustion metamorphism; central Jordan

Acknowledgments

The manuscript benefited much from the thoughtful review and valuable comments by Maarten Broekmans, Associate Editor, which we accepted with gratitude, as well as the comments by anonymous reviewers. The first author thanks the Deanship of Scientific Research at the University of Jordan for their support during his sabbatical year 2012/2013 at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada. Thanks are extended to the late Andre Lalonde for his participation in the University of Ottawa collaboration. Thanks are also given to Tara Kell (XRD Lab), Glenn Poirier (MicroAnalysis Lab), and to N. Karmanov, E. Nigmatulina, and M. Khlestov (IGM, Novosibirsk) for assistance during the analytical work. Wadah Faris, Yousef Abu Salheh, and Azzam Azzarah (University of Jordan, Amman) are acknowledged for their help in the field and in preliminary studies. T. Perepelova (IGM, Novosibirsk) is thanked for helpful advice to the present work. Trace element abundances were analyzed by Yu. Kolmogorov at the shared-research Siberian Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Centre, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russia). The Russian contribution was supported by grant 15-05-00760 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

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  1. Manuscript handled by Maarten Broekmans.

Received: 2015-3-24
Accepted: 2015-7-15
Published Online: 2016-1-9
Published in Print: 2016-1-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5361
Keywords for this article
Lime-monteponite CaO-CdO solid solution; cadmium enrichment; hydrous alteration; combustion metamorphism; central Jordan

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A spin on lower mantle mineralogy
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
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  9. Invited Centennial Article
  10. Metamorphic chronology—a tool for all ages: Past achievements and future prospects
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  12. K-bentonites: A review
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  15. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  16. Immiscible melt droplets in garnet, as represented by ilmenite–magnetite–spinel spheroids in an eclogite-garnet peridotite association, Blanský les Granulite Massif, Czech Republic
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  18. Tetrahedral boron in natural and synthetic HP/UHP tourmaline: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy, EMPA, and single-crystal XRD
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  46. New Mineral Names*,†
  47. Book Review
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