Startseite Experimental constraints on mantle sulfide melting up to 8 GPa
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Experimental constraints on mantle sulfide melting up to 8 GPa

  • Zhou Zhang EMAIL logo und Marc M. Hirschmann
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Januar 2016
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Informationen für Autor*innen
American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 101 Heft 1

Abstract

We present high-pressure experiments up to 8 GPa that constrain the solidus and liquidus of a composition, Fe0.69Ni0.23Cu0.01S1.00, typical of upper mantle sulfide. Solidus and liquidus brackets of this monosulfide are parameterized according to a relation similar to the Simon-Glatzel equation, yielding, respectively, T (°C) = 1015.1 [P(GPa)/1.88 + 1]0.206 and T (°C) = 1067.3 [P(GPa)/1.19 + 1]0.149 (1 ≤ P ≤ 8). The solidus fit is accurate within ±15 °C over the pressure intervals 1–3.5 GPa and within ±30 °C over the pressure intervals 3.5–8.0 GPa. The solidus of the material examined is cooler than the geotherm for convecting mantle, but hotter than typical continental geotherms, suggesting that sulfide is molten or partially molten through much of the convecting upper mantle, but potentially solid in the continental mantle. However, the material examined is one of the more refractory among the spectrum of natural mantle sulfide compositions. This, together with the solidus-lowering effects of O and C not constrained by the present experiments, indicates that the experimentally derived melting curves are upper bounds on sulfide melting in the Earth's upper mantle and that the regions where sulfide is molten are likely extensive in both the convecting upper mantle and, potentially, the deeper parts of the oceanic and continental lithosphere, including common source regions of many diamonds.

Keywords: Sulfide; mantle; solidus; melting; experimental constraint; calibration

Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the constructive reviews from James Brenan and Glenn Gaetani. We appreciate the aid and advice of UMN colleagues: Anthony Withers in the experimental petrology laboratory, Anette von der Handt in the electron microprobe laboratory, and Chris Crosby in the geobiology laboratory. We acknowledge the support of grants NSF EAR1119295 and EAR1426772.

References cited

Alard, O., Griffin, W.L., Lorand, J.P., Jackson, S.E., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (2000) Non-chondritic distribution of the highly siderophile elements in mantle sulfides. Nature, 407, 891–894.10.1038/35038049Suche in Google Scholar

Alard, O., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.G., Lorand, J.P., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (2002) New insights into the Re/Os systematics of sub-continental lithospheric mantle from in-situ analysis of sulfides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 203, 651–663.10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00799-9Suche in Google Scholar

Aulbach, S., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., O’Reilly, S.Y., Kivi, K., and Doyle, B.J. (2009) Mantle formation and evolution, Slave Craton: constraints from HSE abundances and Re-Os isotope systematics of sulfide inclusions in mantle xenocrysts. Chemical Geology, 208, 61–88.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.04.006Suche in Google Scholar

Ballhaus, C., Bockrath, C., Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser, C., Laurenz, V., and Berndt, J. (2006) Fractionation of the noble metals by physical processes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152, 667–684.10.1007/s00410-006-0126-zSuche in Google Scholar

Bockrath, C., Ballhaus, C., and Holzheid, A. (2004) Fractionation of the platinum group elements during mantle melting. Science, 305, 1951–1954.10.1126/science.1100160Suche in Google Scholar

Boehler, R. (1992) Melting of the Fe-FeO and the Fe-FeS systems at high pressure: Constraints on core temperatures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 111, 217–227.10.1016/0012-821X(92)90180-4Suche in Google Scholar

Boehler, R. (1996) Melting and element partitioning Fe-FeS temperatures to 620 kbars. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 96, 181–186.10.1016/0031-9201(96)03150-0Suche in Google Scholar

Bohlen, S., and Boettcher, A.L. (1982) The quartz-coesite transformation: a precise determination and the effects of other components. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 7073–7078.10.1029/JB087iB08p07073Suche in Google Scholar

Bose, K., and Ganguly, J. (1995) Quartz-coesite transition revisited: reversed experimental determination at 500–1200 °C and retrieved thermochemical properties, American Mineralogist, 80, 231–238.10.2138/am-1995-3-404Suche in Google Scholar

Bulanova, G.P. (1995) The formation of diamond. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 53, 1–23, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(94)00016-5.10.1016/0375-6742(94)00016-5Suche in Google Scholar

Bulanova, G.P., Griffin, W.L., Ryan, C.G., Shestakova, O.Y., and Barnes, S.J. (1996) Trace elements in sulfide inclusions from Yakutian diamonds. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 124, 111–125.10.1007/s004100050179Suche in Google Scholar

Campbell, A.J., Seagleb, C.T., Heinzb, D.L., Shend, C.G., and Prakapenkae, V.B. (2007) Partial melting in the iron–sulfur system at high pressure: A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 162, 119–128.10.1016/j.pepi.2007.04.001Suche in Google Scholar

Chi, H., Dasgupta, R., Duncan, M.S., and Shimizu, N. (2014) Partitioning of carbon between Fe-rich alloy melt and silicate melt in a magma ocean—implications for the abundance and origin of volatiles in Earth, Mars, and the Moon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 139, 447–471.10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.046Suche in Google Scholar

Dasgupta, R., Hirschmann, M.M., and Withers, C.W. (2004) Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated eclogite under upper mantle conditions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 227, 73–85.10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.004Suche in Google Scholar

Dasgupta, R., Buono, A., Whelan, G., and Walker, D. (2009) High-pressure melting relations in Fe–C–S systems: Implications for formation, evolution, and structure of metallic cores in planetary bodies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, 6678–6691.10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.001Suche in Google Scholar

Delpech, G., Lorand, J.P., Grégoirec, M., Cottind, J.Y., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (2012) In-situ geochemistry of sulfides in highly metasomatized mantle xenoliths from Kerguelen, southern Indian Ocean. Lithos, 154, 296–314.10.1016/j.lithos.2012.07.018Suche in Google Scholar

Eggler, D.H., and Lorand, J.P. (1993) Mantle sulfide geobarometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2213–2222.10.1016/0016-7037(93)90563-CSuche in Google Scholar

Fei, Y.W., Bertka, C.M., and Finger, L.W. (1997) High-pressure iron-sulfur compound, Fe3S2, and melting relations in the Fe-FeS system. Science, 275, 1621–1623.10.1126/science.275.5306.1621Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Fram, M., and Longhi, J. (1992) Phase equilibria of dikes associated with Proterozoic anorthosite complexes. American Mineralogist, 77, 605–616.Suche in Google Scholar

Frost, D.J., and McCammon, C.A. (2008) The redox state of Earth's mantle. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 36, 389–420.10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124322Suche in Google Scholar

Frost, D.J., Liebske, C., Langenhorst, F., McCammon, C.A., Trønnes, R.G., and Rubie, D.C. (2004) Experimental evidence for the existence of iron-rich metal in the Earth's lower mantle. Nature, 428, 409–412.10.1038/nature02413Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Gaetani, G.A., and Grove, T.L. (1997) Partitioning of moderately siderophile elements among olivine, silicate melt, and sulfide melt: Constraints on core formation in the Earth and Mars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 1829–1846.10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00033-1Suche in Google Scholar

Gaetani, G.A., and Grove, T.L. (1999) Wetting of mantle olivine by sulfide melt: implications for Re/Os ratios in mantle peridotite and late-stage core formation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 169, 147–163.10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00062-XSuche in Google Scholar

Graham, J., and McKenzie, C.D. (1987) Oxygen in pyrrhotite: 2. Determination of oxygen in natural pyrrhotite. American Mineralogist, 72, 605–609.Suche in Google Scholar

Graham, J., Bennett, C.E.G., and Riessen, A. (1987) Oxygen in pyrrhotite: 1. Thermomagnetic behavior and annealing of pyrrhotites containing small quantities of oxygen. American Mineralogist, 72, 599–605.Suche in Google Scholar

Gunn, S.C., and Luth, R.W. (2006) Carbonate reduction by Fe-S-O melts at high pressure and high temperature. American Mineralogist, 91, 1110–1116.10.2138/am.2006.2009Suche in Google Scholar

Guo, J.F., Griffin, W.L., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (1999) Geochemistry and origin of sulphide minerals in mantle xenoliths: Qilin, Southeastern China. Journal of Petrology, 40, 1125–1149.10.1093/petroj/40.7.1125Suche in Google Scholar

Hart, S.R., and Gaetani, G.A. (2006) Mantle Pb paradoxes: the sulfide solution. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152, 295–308.10.1007/s00410-006-0108-1Suche in Google Scholar

Helffrich, G., Kendall, M., Hammond, J.O.S., and Carroll, M.R. (2011) Sulfide melts and long-term low seismic wavespeeds in lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 38, 11,301–11,305, http://dx.doi. org/10.1029/2011GL047126.10.1029/2011GL047126Suche in Google Scholar

Hirschmann, M.M. (2000) Mantle solidus: Experimental constraints and the effects of peridotite composition. Geochemistry, Geophyics, Geosystems, 1, 1042.10.1029/2000GC000070Suche in Google Scholar

Hsieh, K.C., Schmid, R., and Chang, Y.A. (1987) The Fe-Ni-S system II. A Thermodynamic model for the ternary monosulfide phase with the nickel arsenide structure. High Temperature Science, 23, 39–52.Suche in Google Scholar

Huang, S., Lee, C.T., and Yin, Q.Z. (2014) Missing lead and high 3He/4He in ancient sulfides associated with continental crust formation. Nature Scientific Reports, 4, 5314, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05314.10.1038/srep05314Suche in Google Scholar

Jones, J.H., and Walker, D. (1991) Partitioning of siderophile elements in the Fe-NiS system: 1 bar to 80 kbar. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 105, 127–133.10.1016/0012-821X(91)90125-2Suche in Google Scholar

Katsura, T., Yoneda, A., Yamazaki, D., Yoshino, T., and Ito, E. (2010) Adiabatic temperature profile in the mantle. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 183, 212–218.10.1016/j.pepi.2010.07.001Suche in Google Scholar

Katz, R.F., Spiegelman, M., and Langmuir, C.H. (2003) A new parameterization of hydrous mantle melting. Geochemistry, Geophyics, Geosystems, 4, 1073.10.1029/2002GC000433Suche in Google Scholar

Kullerud, G. (1963) Thermal stability of pentlandite. Canadian Mineralogist, 7, 353–366.Suche in Google Scholar

Li, Y., and Audétat, A. (2012) Partitioning of V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, W, Au, Pb, and Bi between sulfide phases and hydrous basanite melt at upper mantle conditions.10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.008Suche in Google Scholar

Lorand, J.P. (1989) Abundance and distribution of Cu-Fe-Ni sulfides, sulfur, copper and platinum-group elements in orogenic-type spinel lherzolite massifs of Arirge (northeastern Pyrenees, France). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 93, 50–64.10.1016/0012-821X(89)90183-0Suche in Google Scholar

Lorand, J.P., and Alard, O. (2001) Platinum-group element abundances in the upper mantle: New constraints from in situ and whole-rock analyses of Massif Central xenoliths (France). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2789–2806.10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00627-5Suche in Google Scholar

Lorand, J.-P., Delpech, G., Grégoire, M., Moine, B., O’Reilly, S.Y., and Cottin, J.-Y. (2004) Platinum-group elements and the multistage metasomatic history of Kerguelen lithospheric mantle (South Indian Ocean). Chemical Geology, 208, 195–215.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.04.012Suche in Google Scholar

Lorand, J.P., Luguet, A., and Alard, O. (2013) Platinum-group element systematics and petrogenetic processing of the continental upper mantle: A review. Lithos, 164–167, 2–21.10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.017Suche in Google Scholar

Luo, S.N., Mosenfelder, J.L., Asimow, P.D., and Ahrens, T.J. (2002) Direct shock wave loading of Stishovite to 235 GPa: Implications for perovskite stability relative to an oxide assemblage at lower mantle conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 29, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015627.10.1029/2002GL015627Suche in Google Scholar

McDade, P., Wood, B.J., Van Westrenen, W., Brooker, R., Gudmundsson, G., Soulard, H., Najorka, J., and Blundy, J. (2002) Pressure corrections for a selection of piston-cylinder cell assemblies. Mineralogical Magazine, 66, 1021–1028.10.1180/0026461026660074Suche in Google Scholar

McDonough, W.F., and Sun, S.S. (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120, 223–253.10.1016/S0074-6142(01)80077-2Suche in Google Scholar

Mirwald, P.W., and Kennedy, G.C. (1979) The melting curve of gold, silver, and copper to 60 Kbar pressure: a reinvestigation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 6750–6756.10.1029/JB084iB12p06750Suche in Google Scholar

Mirwald, P.W., Getting, I.C., and Kennedym, G.C. (1975) Low-friction cell for piston-cylinder high-pressure apparatus. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 1519–1525.10.1029/JB080i011p01519Suche in Google Scholar

Morard, G., Andrault, D., Guignot, N., Siebert, J., Garbarino, G., and Antonangeli, D. (2011) Melting of Fe–Ni–Si and Fe–Ni–S alloys at megabar pressures: implications for the core–mantle boundary temperature. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 38, 767–776.10.1007/s00269-011-0449-9Suche in Google Scholar

Mungall, J.E., and Su, S.G. (2005) Interfacial tension between magmatic sulfide and silicate liquids: Constraints on kinetics of sulfide liquation and sulfide migration through silicate rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 135–149.10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.035Suche in Google Scholar

Pearson, D.G., and Wittig, N. (2014) The formation and evolution of cratonic mantle lithosphere: Evidence from mantle xenoliths. Treatise on Geochemistry, 2, 255–292.10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00205-9Suche in Google Scholar

Pearson, D.G., Shirey, S.B., Harris, J.W., and Carlson, R.W. (1998) Sulphide inclusions in diamonds from the Koffiefontein kimberlite, S Africa: constraints on diamond ages and mantle Re–Os systematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 160, 311–326.10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00092-2Suche in Google Scholar

Pearson, N.J., Alard, O., Griffin, W.L., Jackson, S.E., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (2002) In situ measurement of Re-Os isotopes in mantle sulfides by laser ablation multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: analytical methods and preliminary results. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 1037–1050.10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00823-7Suche in Google Scholar

Pearson, D.G., Canil, D., and Shirey, S.B. (2003) Mantle samples included in volcanic rocks: xenoliths and diamonds. Treatise on Geochemistry, 2, 171–275.10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/02005-3Suche in Google Scholar

Pearson, D.G., Parman, S.W., and Nowell, G.M. (2007) A link between large mantle melting events and continent growth seen in osmium isotopes. Nature, 449, 202–205.10.1038/nature06122Suche in Google Scholar

Pollack, H.N., and Chapman, D.S. (1977) On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms, and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics, 38, 279–296.10.1016/0040-1951(77)90215-3Suche in Google Scholar

Powell, W., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (2007) Metasomatism and sulfide mobility in lithospheric mantle beneath eastern Australia: Implications for mantle Re–Os chronology. Lithos, 94, 132–147.10.1016/j.lithos.2006.06.010Suche in Google Scholar

Richardson, S.H., Shirey, S.B., Harris, J.W., and Carlson, R.W. (2001) Archean subduction recorded by Re-Os isotopes in eclogitic sulfide inclusions in Kimberley diamonds. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 191, 257–266.10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00419-8Suche in Google Scholar

Rohrbach, A., Ballhaus, C., Gola-Schindler, U., Ulmer, P., Kamnetsky, V.S., and Kuzmin, D.V. (2007) Metal saturation in the upper mantle. Nature, 449, 456–460.10.1038/nature06183Suche in Google Scholar

Rohrbach, A., Ballhaus, C., Ulmer, P., Kamnetsky, V.S., and Gola-Schindler, U. (2011) Experimental evidence for a reduced metal-saturated upper mantle. Journal of Petrology, 52, 717–731.10.1093/petrology/egq101Suche in Google Scholar

Roy-Barman, M., Wasserburga, G.J., Papanastassioua, D.A., and Chaussidon, M. (1998) Osmium isotopic compositions and Re–Os concentrations in sulfide globules from basaltic glasses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 154, 331–347.10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00180-5Suche in Google Scholar

Ryzhenko, B., and Kennedy, G.C. (1973) The effect of pressure on the eutectic in the system Fe-FeS. American Journal of Science, 273, 803–810.10.2475/ajs.273.9.803Suche in Google Scholar

Shannon, M.C., and Agee, C.B. (1998) Percolation of core melts at lower mantle conditions. Science, 280, 1059–1061.10.1126/science.280.5366.1059Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Sharp, W.E. (1969) Melting curves of sphalerite, galena, and pyrrhotite and the decomposition curve of pyrite between 30 and 65 kilobars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 74, 1645–1652.10.1029/JB074i006p01645Suche in Google Scholar

Shi, C.Y., Zhang, L., Yang., W, Liu, Y., Wang, J., Meng, Y., Andrews, J.C., and Mao, W.L. (2013) Formation of an interconnected network of iron melt at Earth's lower mantle conditions. Nature Geoscience, 6, 971–975.10.1038/ngeo1956Suche in Google Scholar

Shirey, S.B., and Richardson, S.H. (2011) Start of the Wilson cycle at 3 Ga shown by diamonds from subcontinental mantle. Science, 333, 434–436.10.1126/science.1206275Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Shirey, S.B., Cartigny, P., Frost, D.J., Keshav, S., Paolo Nimis, F.N., Pearson, D.G., Sobolev, N.V., and Walter, M.J. (2013) Diamonds and the geology of mantle carbon. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 75, 355–421.10.2138/rmg.2013.75.12Suche in Google Scholar

Simon, F., and Glatzel, G. (1929) Bemerkungen zur Schmelzdruckkurve. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 178, 309–316.10.1002/zaac.19291780123Suche in Google Scholar

Stachel, T., and Harris, J.W. (2008) The origin of cratonic diamonds—constraints from mineral inclusions. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 5–32.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.05.002Suche in Google Scholar

Stewart, A.J., Schmidt, M.W., Westrenen, W.V., and Liebske, C. (2007) Mars: A new core-crystallization regime. Science, 316, 1323–1325.10.1126/science.1140549Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Tenner, T.J., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, C.W., and Hervig, R.L. (2009) Hydrogen partitioning between nominally anhydrous upper mantle minerals and melt between 3 and 5 GPa and applications to hydrous peridotite partial melting. Chemical Geology, 262, 42–56.10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.006Suche in Google Scholar

Tenner, T.J., Hirschmann, M.M., Withers, C.W., and Hervig, R.L. (2012) H2O storage capacity of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene from 10 to 13 GPa: consequences for dehydration melting above the transition zone. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 163, 297–316.10.1007/s00410-011-0675-7Suche in Google Scholar

Turcotte, D. L., and Schubert, G. (2002) Geodynamics, 2nd ed., pp. 456. Cambridge University Press, U.K.10.1017/CBO9780511807442Suche in Google Scholar

Urakawa, S., Kato, M., and Kumazawa, M. (1987) Experimental study on the phase relations in the system Fe-Ni-O-S up to 15 GPa. In M. Manghnani and Y. Syono, Eds., High-Pressure Research in Mineral Physics, p. 95–111. Terra, Tokyo/AGU, Washington, D.C.10.1029/GM039p0095Suche in Google Scholar

Usselman, T. (1975) Experimental approach to the state of the core: Part I. The liquidus relations of the Fe-rich portion of the Fe-Ni-S system from 30 to 100 kbars. American Journal of Science, 275, 278–290.10.2475/ajs.275.3.278Suche in Google Scholar

Waldner, P., and Pelton, A. (2004) Critical thermodynamic assessment and modeling of the Fe-Ni-S system. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 35, 897–907.10.1007/s11663-004-0084-7Suche in Google Scholar

Westerlund, K.J., Shirey, S.B., Richardson, S.H., Carlson, R.W., Gurney, J.J., and Harris, J.W. (2006) A subduction wedge origin from Paleoarchaean peridotitic diamonds and harzburgites from the Panda kimberlite, Slave craton: evidence from Re-Os isotope systematics. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152, 275–294.10.1007/s00410-006-0101-8Suche in Google Scholar

Withers, A.C., and Hirschmann, M.M. (2007) H2O storage capacity of MgSiO3 clinoenstatite at 8–13 GPa, 1,100–1,400 °C. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 154, 663–674.10.1007/s00410-007-0215-7Suche in Google Scholar

Withers, A.C., Hirschmann, M.M., and Tenner T.J. (2011) The effect of Fe on olivine H2O storage capacity: Consequences for H2O in the martian mantle. American Mineralogist, 96, 1039–1053.10.2138/am.2011.3669Suche in Google Scholar

Xirouchakis, D., Hirschmann, M.M., and Simpson, J.A. (2001) The effect of titanium on the silica content and on mineral–liquid partitioning of mantleequilibrated melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 2201–2217.10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00549-4Suche in Google Scholar

  1. Manuscript handled by Charles Lesher.

Received: 2015-1-17
Accepted: 2015-7-22
Published Online: 2016-1-9
Published in Print: 2016-1-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A spin on lower mantle mineralogy
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Spinel in planetary systems
  7. Review
  8. Pathways for nitrogen cycling in Earth's crust and upper mantle: A review and new results for microporous beryl and cordierite
  9. Invited Centennial Article
  10. Metamorphic chronology—a tool for all ages: Past achievements and future prospects
  11. Review
  12. K-bentonites: A review
  13. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  14. Ca-Al-silicate inclusions in natural moissanite (SiC)
  15. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  16. Immiscible melt droplets in garnet, as represented by ilmenite–magnetite–spinel spheroids in an eclogite-garnet peridotite association, Blanský les Granulite Massif, Czech Republic
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  18. Tetrahedral boron in natural and synthetic HP/UHP tourmaline: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy, EMPA, and single-crystal XRD
  19. Article
  20. Radiation damage haloes in biotite investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
  21. Article
  22. A spreadsheet for calculating normative mole fractions of end-member species for Na-Ca-Li-Fe2+-Mg-Al tourmalines from electron microprobe data
  23. Article
  24. Preservation of organic matter in nontronite against iron redox cycling
  25. Article
  26. Influence of organic matter on smectite illitization: A comparison between red and dark mudstones from the Dongying Depression, China
  27. Article
  28. Intermediate members of the lime-monteponite solid solutions (Ca1–xCdxO, x = 0.36–0.55): Discovery in natural occurrence
  29. Article
  30. Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: Lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra
  31. Article
  32. FTIR spectroscopy of D2O and HDO molecules in the c-axis channels of synthetic beryl
  33. Article
  34. Experimental constraints on mantle sulfide melting up to 8 GPa
  35. Article
  36. Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets
  37. Article
  38. Phase stabilities and spin transitions of Fe3(S1−xPx) at high pressure and its implications in meteorites
  39. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  40. The W-WO2 oxygen fugacity buffer (WWO) at high pressure and temperature: Implications for fO2 buffering and metal-silicate partitioning
  41. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  42. Timescales of magma storage and migration recorded by olivine crystals in basalts of the March-April 2010 eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland
  43. Letter
  44. In-situ crystal structure determination of seifertite SiO2 at 129 GPa: Studying a minor phase near Earth's core–mantle boundary
  45. New Mineral Names
  46. New Mineral Names*,†
  47. Book Review
  48. A Pictorial Guide to Metamorphic Rocks in the Field
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5308
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Sulfide; mantle; solidus; melting; experimental constraint; calibration

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. A spin on lower mantle mineralogy
  3. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  4. Safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: Looking at natural rocks
  5. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  6. Spinel in planetary systems
  7. Review
  8. Pathways for nitrogen cycling in Earth's crust and upper mantle: A review and new results for microporous beryl and cordierite
  9. Invited Centennial Article
  10. Metamorphic chronology—a tool for all ages: Past achievements and future prospects
  11. Review
  12. K-bentonites: A review
  13. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  14. Ca-Al-silicate inclusions in natural moissanite (SiC)
  15. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  16. Immiscible melt droplets in garnet, as represented by ilmenite–magnetite–spinel spheroids in an eclogite-garnet peridotite association, Blanský les Granulite Massif, Czech Republic
  17. Special Collection: Advances in Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
  18. Tetrahedral boron in natural and synthetic HP/UHP tourmaline: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy, EMPA, and single-crystal XRD
  19. Article
  20. Radiation damage haloes in biotite investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
  21. Article
  22. A spreadsheet for calculating normative mole fractions of end-member species for Na-Ca-Li-Fe2+-Mg-Al tourmalines from electron microprobe data
  23. Article
  24. Preservation of organic matter in nontronite against iron redox cycling
  25. Article
  26. Influence of organic matter on smectite illitization: A comparison between red and dark mudstones from the Dongying Depression, China
  27. Article
  28. Intermediate members of the lime-monteponite solid solutions (Ca1–xCdxO, x = 0.36–0.55): Discovery in natural occurrence
  29. Article
  30. Ab initio investigation of majorite and pyrope garnets: Lattice dynamics and vibrational spectra
  31. Article
  32. FTIR spectroscopy of D2O and HDO molecules in the c-axis channels of synthetic beryl
  33. Article
  34. Experimental constraints on mantle sulfide melting up to 8 GPa
  35. Article
  36. Excess mixing volume, microstrain, and stability of pyrope-grossular garnets
  37. Article
  38. Phase stabilities and spin transitions of Fe3(S1−xPx) at high pressure and its implications in meteorites
  39. Special Collection: Building Planets: The Dynamics and Geochemistry of Core Formation
  40. The W-WO2 oxygen fugacity buffer (WWO) at high pressure and temperature: Implications for fO2 buffering and metal-silicate partitioning
  41. Special Collection: Rates and Depths of Magma Ascent on Earth
  42. Timescales of magma storage and migration recorded by olivine crystals in basalts of the March-April 2010 eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland
  43. Letter
  44. In-situ crystal structure determination of seifertite SiO2 at 129 GPa: Studying a minor phase near Earth's core–mantle boundary
  45. New Mineral Names
  46. New Mineral Names*,†
  47. Book Review
  48. A Pictorial Guide to Metamorphic Rocks in the Field
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 2.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2016-5308/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen