Synthesis of alkylbenzenes via the alkylation of benzene using α-olefin dimers and the surfactant properties of their sulfonates
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Fuwen Tan
Fuwen Tan is a M.D. student at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, working on the purification and characterization of anionic surfactants.
Xu Li is a lecturer at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, and conducts research on the synthesis and application of fine chemicals.
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Jinxiang Dong
Jinxiang Dong is a professor and dean at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Taiyuan University of Technology. He has been awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars. His research is on daily washing processes.
Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch syncrude prepared via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) using a Fe-based catalyst is featured by its high content of linear α-olefins (C5–C13). The utilization of C6–C8 α-olefins for the synthesis of alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactants was performed in the present work via dimerization, benzene alkylation, and sulfonation. The effects of the reaction conditions on benzene alkylation over a trimethyl amine hydrochloride-acidic anhydrous aluminum chloride ionic liquid catalyst (Et3NHCl-AlCl3) have been studied in detail using C6 α-olefin dimers as a model alkylation agent. Under the optimal reaction conditions (molar ratio of AlCl3 to Et3NHCl = 2, catalyst loading = 0.29 mol %, reaction temperature = 30 °C, and molar ratio of benzene to C6 α-olefin dimer = 10) the conversion of the C6 α-olefin dimer was 100% and the selectivity toward the mono alkylbenzene product was 91.0%. C6–C8 α-olefin dimer alkylbenzene sulfonates (C6–C8 DBS) were synthesized via sulfonation using chlorosulfonic acid and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS). The surfactant properties of the C6–C8 DBS, including their equilibrium and dynamic surface tension, foaming, wetting and emulsifying capabilities, were closely explored and compared with a commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). The limiting surface tension (γ CMC = 34.62 mN m−1) and critical micelle concentration (CMC = 2.15 mmol L−1) of C6 α-olefin dimer alkylbenzene sulfonate (C6-DBS) were similar to those of LAS. Upon increasing the hydrocarbon chain length, the γ CMC of C6-DBS, C7-DBS, and C8-DBS remained unchanged, while the CMC decreased. C6–C8-DBS exhibited foaming, emulsifying, and wetting properties comparable to LAS.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 22078219
Award Identifier / Grant number: 21908154
About the authors
Fuwen Tan is a M.D. student at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, working on the purification and characterization of anionic surfactants.
Xu Li is a lecturer at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, and conducts research on the synthesis and application of fine chemicals.
Jinxiang Dong is a professor and dean at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Taiyuan University of Technology. He has been awarded the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars. His research is on daily washing processes.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: We thankfully acknowledge the generous financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 22078219) and Ten Thousand Talents Program: Millions of Leading Engineering Talents, the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 21908154).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Review on classification, physicochemical properties and applications of microbial surfactants
- Biosurfactants
- Improved synthesis of sophorolipid biosurfactants using industrial by-products and their practical application
- Novel Surfactants
- Synthesis of a castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant and its application in the modification of attapulgite
- Synthesis of alkylbenzenes via the alkylation of benzene using α-olefin dimers and the surfactant properties of their sulfonates
- Synthesis and properties of ester functionalized cationic Gemini surfactants with amide groups
- Physical Chemistry
- Influence of n-alcohols on aqueous DTAB micelles studied by ultrasonic analysis
- Phase studies of ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN)/sugar surfactant microemulsions: effect of chain length of alkanes and length of the hydrophobic chain of the non-ionic surfactant
- Oryza sativa plant extract in 15% hydrochloric acid as a green corrosion inhibitor on the surface of stainless steel 410
- Environmental Chemistry
- Evaluation of wheat tolerance during germination and early growth stages to detergent-contaminated water
- Synthesis of multi-alkylpolyamines and their performance as flow improver in crude oil
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Review on classification, physicochemical properties and applications of microbial surfactants
- Biosurfactants
- Improved synthesis of sophorolipid biosurfactants using industrial by-products and their practical application
- Novel Surfactants
- Synthesis of a castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant and its application in the modification of attapulgite
- Synthesis of alkylbenzenes via the alkylation of benzene using α-olefin dimers and the surfactant properties of their sulfonates
- Synthesis and properties of ester functionalized cationic Gemini surfactants with amide groups
- Physical Chemistry
- Influence of n-alcohols on aqueous DTAB micelles studied by ultrasonic analysis
- Phase studies of ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN)/sugar surfactant microemulsions: effect of chain length of alkanes and length of the hydrophobic chain of the non-ionic surfactant
- Oryza sativa plant extract in 15% hydrochloric acid as a green corrosion inhibitor on the surface of stainless steel 410
- Environmental Chemistry
- Evaluation of wheat tolerance during germination and early growth stages to detergent-contaminated water
- Synthesis of multi-alkylpolyamines and their performance as flow improver in crude oil
