Synthesis of a castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant and its application in the modification of attapulgite

Xiuhua Yan; Wei Xu; Rong Shao; David M. Haddleton

doi:10.1515/tsd-2021-2345

Article

Synthesis of a castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant and its application in the modification of attapulgite

Xiuhua Yan
Xiuhua Yan is an associate professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng. She obtained her Ph.D. in chemical engineering (Nanjing Forestry University, China, 2013). She conducts basic and applied research in colloidal chemistry, surfactant. She is presently leading a small group studying synthesis and applications of surfactants.
, Wei Xu
Wei Xu, is professor of the School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology. She obtained her Ph.D. in biochemical engineering (Nanjing University of Technology, China, 2007). She conducts basic and applied research in synthetic chemistry and enzyme engineering. She is the author of 20 publications related to her research in these fields.
, Rong Shao
Rong Shao, is professor of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology. He conducts basic and applied research in chemical engineering.
and David M. Haddleton
David M. Haddleton is professor of the Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick. He is presently leading the Haddleton polymer research group at Warwick currently focuses on controlled polymerization methodology including polymers for healthcare and therapeutics; controlled free radical polymerization.

Published/Copyright: January 20, 2022

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From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 59 Issue 1

Abstract

Castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant (COQA) was synthesized by an ester-exchange reaction of refined castor oil (CO) (raw material) with N,N-dimethyl ethanol amine followed by quaternization with epichlorohydrin (ECH). Its surface activity and structural features were determined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant at 25 °C was 1.79 × 10⁻³ mol/L. The surface tension of an aqueous COQA solution at CMC was 38.19 mN/m. Subsequently, the synthesized COQA was used to modify attapulgite (ATP) by binding it to the surface of ATP. The change in the morphology of the modified-ATP (M-ATP) was attributed to the presence of the COQA bound to the surface of the rod-shaped crystals, although the crystal structure of the silicate did not change. Compared to ATP, the microstructure of the M-ATP was less rigid.

Keywords: attapulgite; castor oil; quaternary ammonium surfactant; surface tension

Corresponding author: Xiuhua Yan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China, E-mail: gyyxh@hotmail.com

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 17KJA530006

About the authors

Xiuhua Yan

Xiuhua Yan is an associate professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng. She obtained her Ph.D. in chemical engineering (Nanjing Forestry University, China, 2013). She conducts basic and applied research in colloidal chemistry, surfactant. She is presently leading a small group studying synthesis and applications of surfactants.

Wei Xu

Wei Xu, is professor of the School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology. She obtained her Ph.D. in biochemical engineering (Nanjing University of Technology, China, 2007). She conducts basic and applied research in synthetic chemistry and enzyme engineering. She is the author of 20 publications related to her research in these fields.

Rong Shao

Rong Shao, is professor of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology. He conducts basic and applied research in chemical engineering.

David M. Haddleton

David M. Haddleton is professor of the Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick. He is presently leading the Haddleton polymer research group at Warwick currently focuses on controlled polymerization methodology including polymers for healthcare and therapeutics; controlled free radical polymerization.

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 17KJA530006).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2021-01-05

Accepted: 2021-06-09

Published Online: 2022-01-20

Published in Print: 2022-01-27

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2021-2345

Keywords for this article

attapulgite; castor oil; quaternary ammonium surfactant; surface tension