Synthesis and properties of ester functionalized cationic Gemini surfactants with amide groups
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Xiaohao Lu
Hujun Xu: professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 70 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents.
Haiyan Gao: associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Her field of research includes physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals.
Abstract
In this paper, a novel series of ester-functionalized cationic Gemini surfactants with amide groups (abbreviated as C m -(BAE)-C m (m = 12, 14, 16)) were synthesized and their surface tension as well as the thermodynamic surface parameters were determined with conductivity and fluorescence measurements, respectively. The structures of these Gemini surfactants were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and MS. The Krafft points of the three surfactants are below 0 °C, indicating better water solubility. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these surfactants decreases with the increase in the length of hydrophobic chain. The micellization process of these surfactants was found to be entropy-driven. The polar functional ester groups in the spacer form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which increases the solubility of these Gemini surfactants in aqueous systems, facilitates the aggregation of their monomers and improves the stability of their micelles.
About the authors
Hujun Xu: professor, he received his Ph.D. degree in 2005 from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, P.R. China. He has been involved in surfactants and detergents for over 30 years. He has published over 70 papers in the field of surfactants and detergents.
Haiyan Gao: associate professor, she received a doctorate in science from the Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2003. Her field of research includes physical chemistry, synthesis and application of chemicals.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- Review on classification, physicochemical properties and applications of microbial surfactants
- Biosurfactants
- Improved synthesis of sophorolipid biosurfactants using industrial by-products and their practical application
- Novel Surfactants
- Synthesis of a castor oil-based quaternary ammonium surfactant and its application in the modification of attapulgite
- Synthesis of alkylbenzenes via the alkylation of benzene using α-olefin dimers and the surfactant properties of their sulfonates
- Synthesis and properties of ester functionalized cationic Gemini surfactants with amide groups
- Physical Chemistry
- Influence of n-alcohols on aqueous DTAB micelles studied by ultrasonic analysis
- Phase studies of ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN)/sugar surfactant microemulsions: effect of chain length of alkanes and length of the hydrophobic chain of the non-ionic surfactant
- Oryza sativa plant extract in 15% hydrochloric acid as a green corrosion inhibitor on the surface of stainless steel 410
- Environmental Chemistry
- Evaluation of wheat tolerance during germination and early growth stages to detergent-contaminated water
- Synthesis of multi-alkylpolyamines and their performance as flow improver in crude oil
