Abstract
With the rapid expansion of industrial scale, an increasing number of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has bringing health concerns. Although exposure to PM2.5 has been clearly associated with male reproductive toxicity, the exact mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 can disturb spermatogenesis through destroying the blood-testis barrier (BTB), consisting of different junction types, containing tight junctions (TJs), gap junctions (GJs), ectoplasmic specialization (ES) and desmosomes. The BTB is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers among mammals, which isolating germ cells from hazardous substances and immune cell infiltration during spermatogenesis. Therefore, once the BTB is destroyed, hazardous substances and immune cells will enter seminiferous tubule and cause adversely reproductive effects. In addition, PM2.5 also has shown to cause cells and tissues injury via inducing autophagy, inflammation, sex hormones disorder, and oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanisms of the disruption of the BTB, induced by PM2.5, are still unclear. It is suggested that more research is required to identify the potential mechanisms. In this review, we aim to understand the adverse effects on the BTB after exposure to PM2.5 and explore its potential mechanisms, which provides novel insight into accounting for PM2.5-induced BTB injury.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge that there are no conflicts of interest or financial disclosures related to this paper.
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Research funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81302452), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221374), Major Projects of Natural Sciences of University in Jiangsu Province of China (18KJB330004), a project fund of Basic Scientific Research program of Nantong City (JC2019021, JC2020032), an innovation project of graduate student scientific research in Jiangsu province (KYCX22_3377) and Scientific Research Starting Foundation for The Doctoral researcher of Nantong University (No. 14B14).
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Author contributions: S.K. reviewed the literature and wrote the manuscript. L.L. help to make tables and figures. L.Q. revised the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Competing interests: All authors declare no competing financial interest.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Ethical approval: Not applicable.
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© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- The lack of international and national health policies to protect persons with self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitivity
- The use of micronucleus assay in oral mucosa cells as a suitable biomarker in children exposed to environmental mutagens: theoretical concepts, guidelines and future directions
- Improving the purification of aqueous solutions by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species in non-thermal plasma; a systematic review
- Ochratoxin A in coffee and coffee-based products: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment
- Green space in health research: an overview of common indicators of greenness
- The effects of fine particulate matter on the blood-testis barrier and its potential mechanisms
- Evaluation of chemicals leached from PET and recycled PET containers into beverages
- The association between bisphenol a exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies
- A review on arsenic pollution, toxicity, health risks, and management strategies using nanoremediation approaches
- The impact of air pollution and climate change on eye health: a global review
- Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and adverse reproductive outcomes in women: current status and future perspectives
- Mechanisms of cholera transmission via environment in India and Bangladesh: state of the science review
- Effects of sulfur dioxide inhalation on human health: a review
- Health effects of alkaline, oxygenated, and demineralized water compared to mineral water among healthy population: a systematic review
- Toxic effects due to exposure heavy metals and increased health risk assessment (leukemia)
- A systematic review on environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus
- How does formal and informal industry contribute to lead exposure? A narrative review from Vietnam, Uruguay, and Malaysia
- Letter to the Editor
- Comments on “Personal protective equipment (PPE) and plastic pollution during COVID-19: strategies for a sustainable environment”, by Fatima Ali Mazahir and Ali Mazahir Al Qamari
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- The lack of international and national health policies to protect persons with self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitivity
- The use of micronucleus assay in oral mucosa cells as a suitable biomarker in children exposed to environmental mutagens: theoretical concepts, guidelines and future directions
- Improving the purification of aqueous solutions by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species in non-thermal plasma; a systematic review
- Ochratoxin A in coffee and coffee-based products: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment
- Green space in health research: an overview of common indicators of greenness
- The effects of fine particulate matter on the blood-testis barrier and its potential mechanisms
- Evaluation of chemicals leached from PET and recycled PET containers into beverages
- The association between bisphenol a exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies
- A review on arsenic pollution, toxicity, health risks, and management strategies using nanoremediation approaches
- The impact of air pollution and climate change on eye health: a global review
- Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and adverse reproductive outcomes in women: current status and future perspectives
- Mechanisms of cholera transmission via environment in India and Bangladesh: state of the science review
- Effects of sulfur dioxide inhalation on human health: a review
- Health effects of alkaline, oxygenated, and demineralized water compared to mineral water among healthy population: a systematic review
- Toxic effects due to exposure heavy metals and increased health risk assessment (leukemia)
- A systematic review on environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus
- How does formal and informal industry contribute to lead exposure? A narrative review from Vietnam, Uruguay, and Malaysia
- Letter to the Editor
- Comments on “Personal protective equipment (PPE) and plastic pollution during COVID-19: strategies for a sustainable environment”, by Fatima Ali Mazahir and Ali Mazahir Al Qamari