Synthesis and characterization of alkaloid derived hydrazones and their metal (II) complexes
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Mutiu Sowemimo
Abstract
Alkaloids have been known overtime to have medicinal uses. Exploring alkaloid derived hydrazones and their complexes as potential therapeutic agents with a view to improving the medicinal uses of alkaloids are imperative. 1,8-dichloroacridone hydrazone hydrochloride, 1-chloro pilocarpine nitrate-3-chlorophenyl hydrazone and 1-phenethyl-4-piperidone formyl hydrazone ligands were synthesized via Wolff–Kishner condensation reaction. Five metal (II) complexes of cobalt, nickel and manganese were prepared by stirring the ligands with the respective metal salts. The ligands and complexes were characterized using elemental analyses, molar conductivity, FTIR, 1H and 13C nmr, UV–Vis spectra, melting point and solubility. Antimicrobial activities of the ligands and their complexes were tested against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphimurium) and a fungus (Candida albican). The molar conductance values indicate that they are 1:1 and 1:2 type electrolytes while the elemental analyses of the complexes reveals a 1:1 metal to ligand stoichiometry. The relevant IR bands suggest coordination is through the C=N, C=O, N=C–O and C–N groups. Both 1H and 13C nmr corroborated the elemental analysis while the UV–Vis reveals intra-ligand charge transfer while the complexes exhibited the expected metal transitions bands. A proposed octahedral geometry is supported by spectral data. Only 1, 8-dichloroacridonehydrazone hydrochloride ligand was found to be active against all the organisms. Cobalt and nickel complexes of 1,8-dichloroacridonehydrazone hydrochloride were active against S. paratyphimurium and S. aureus, respectively, while cobalt complex of 1-chloropilocarpinenitrate-3-chlorophenylhydrazone was active against S. faecalis and S. paratyphimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were also recorded.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University for providing some of the facilities used for the study. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Olawale Raimi (University of Dundee, Scotland) and Dr. Abdullahi Sobola (Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria) for valuable assistance.
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Anticancer properties of arylchromenes and arylchromans: an overview
- Solid state lithium ion conductors for lithium batteries
- Performance and kinetics of a fluidized bed anaerobic reactor treating distillery effluent
- Use of biochemical markers for diabetes prevention in the new decade
- Antibreast cancer activities of phytochemicals from Anonna muricata using computer-aided drug design (CADD) approach
- Alkaline-earth metal(II) complexes of salinomycin – spectral properties and antibacterial activity
- Use of heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable biofuel production
- Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the stem bark of Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
- A review of sludge production in South Africa municipal wastewater treatment plants, analysis of handling cost and potential minimization methods
- Cu-Catalysed tandem reactions for building poly hetero atom heterocycles-green chemistry tool
- Optimizing Cr(VI) adsorption parameters on magnetite (Fe3O4) and manganese doped magnetite (MnxFe(3-x)O4) nanoparticles
- Fabaceae: a significant flavonoid source for plant and human health
- A novel application of synthesised based squarylium dyes on nylon 6, and silk woven fabrics
- Chromatographic characterization of the fusion protein SARS-CoV-2 S protein (RBD)-hFc
- Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and a new chemotaxonomic marker in Oldenlandia affinis (Roem. & Schult.) DC. Rubiaceae
- Extraction, isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites in the leaves of Morinda lucida from Oshiegbe in Ebonyi State
- Lead optimisation efforts on a molecular prototype of the immunomodulatory parasitic protein ES-62
- Catalytic applications of graphene oxide towards the synthesis of bioactive scaffolds through the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds
- Synthesis, characterization, DFT and molecular docking studies of acetone O-((2,5-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl) oxime
- Design of membrane systems
- Conceptual design and cost-efficient environmentally Benign synthesis of beta-lactams
- Synthesis and characterization of alkaloid derived hydrazones and their metal (II) complexes
- The spontaneity of chemical reactions: challenges with handling the concept and its implications
- Copper nanoparticles catalyzed carbon–heteroatom bond formation and synthesis of related heterocycles by greener procedures
- Tellurium in carbohydrate synthesis
- Conformational preferences and intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns of tetraflavaspidic acid BBBB – a tetrameric acylphloroglucinol
- Phytochemical and antioxidant studies of Hibiscus Cannabinus seed oil
- Polyaniline mediated heterogeneous catalysis in the preparation of heterocyclic derivatives through carbon–heteroatom bond formations
- A comparison of two digestion methods and heavy metals determination in sediments
- Synthesis, properties and catalysis of quantum dots in C–C and C-heteroatom bond formations
- Recyclable magnetically retrievable nanocatalysts for C–heteroatom bond formation reactions
- Small molecules as next generation biofilm inhibitors and anti-infective agents
- Toxicity of tellurium and its compounds
- Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) based polymer and composites
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