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Milk protein polymorphisms of Aosta Valley cattle breeds

  • Mathieu Merlet , Luca Vernetti-Prot und Sabina Valentini ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 22. März 2024
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Pure and Applied Chemistry Band 96 Heft 11

Abstract

Cow’s milk proteins are encoded by highly polymorphic genes characterized by several mutations which result in different allelic variants. Each allelic variant has different possible effects on cheese-making properties and on human health. β-casein A1-A3-I-B, k-casein B and β-lactoglobulin B are supposed to influence milk cheese-making properties by increasing cheese or milk yield, by varying chemical parameters, by having small casein micelle size, and by influencing rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd-firming rate (CFR). In addition, β-casein A1-B are also considered to be a risk factor for different health diseases such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration, and milk intolerance. An LC-MS method was applied to profile, for the first time, the main milk proteins genetic variants from Aosta Valley autochtonous cattle breeds. Analyses performed on milk collected from bovines of three cattle breeds (Red Pied – VRP, Black Pied – VNP and Chestnut – CAS), either from IAR experimental farm or from herds of dairy-producers in Aosta Valley region, showed quite high frequencies of β-casein A2 and A3/I, and low frequencies of β-casein A1. Moreover, low frequencies of β-casein B in VRP breed and high frequencies of the same variant in CAS, and VNP breeds have been found. As far as k-casein is concerned allelic variant B is the most diffused in VRP while allelic variant A in VNP and CAS breeds. Finally, β-lactoglobulin most diffused allelic variant for all breeds is B. Results suggest that Aosta Valley milk has good cheese-making properties and good frequencies of β-casein A2 which may be related to beneficial effects on human health. In light of these results, it is important to develop breeding programs which take into consideration milk proteins polymorphisms to further increase the milk suitability for cheese-making process and to decrease the presence of β-casein A1 and B in drinking milk which can be a risk factor for human health.

Keywords: autochthonous cattle breed; genetic polymorphism; mass spectrometry; MASSA 2023; milk protein
Corresponding author: Sabina Valentini, Institut Agricole Régional – Reg. La Rochère 1/A – 11100 Aosta, Italy, e-mail:
Article note: A collection of invited papers based on presentations at the Mass spectrometry congress in Italy – MASSA 2023 held on 28-30 June 2023 in Torino, Italy.

Funding source: Interreg

Award Identifier / Grant number: Interreg V-A Italy-Swiss Cooperation

Acknowledgments

We thank RAVA (Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta), HES-SO Valais (Haute Ecole d’Ingénierie) and AREV (Associazione Regionale Allevatori Valdostani) for supporting milk sampling and chemical analysis.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: This experimental work was financially supported, through TYPICALP project, by European Union, European regional Development Fund , Italian State, Swiss Confederation and Cantons co-financed operation, within the framework of the Interreg V-A Italy-Switzerland Cooperation Program.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-0014).

Published Online: 2024-03-22
Published in Print: 2024-11-26

© 2024 IUPAC & De Gruyter

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https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-0014
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
autochthonous cattle breed; genetic polymorphism; mass spectrometry; MASSA 2023; milk protein

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In this issue
  3. IUPAC Technical Reports
  4. Terms of Latin origin relating to sample characterization (IUPAC Technical Report)
  5. Glossary of terms used in biochar research (IUPAC Technical Report)
  6. Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. Part XXVIII. NPU codes for characterizing subpopulations of the hematopoietic lineage, described from their clusters of differentiation molecules (IUPAC Technical Report)
  7. Special Topic: Mass spectrometry congress in Italy – MASSA 2023l; Guest Editor: Giuliana Bianco
  8. Milk protein polymorphisms of Aosta Valley cattle breeds
  9. Capabilities and drawbacks of mass spectrometry in the forensic field: analysis of real cases dealing with toxicology and explosives
  10. Mapping the distribution of bioactive compounds and aroma/flavour precursors in green coffee beans with an integrated mass spectrometry-based approach
  11. Fire fighters and mass spectrometry: from the world of combustion to the molecular ion
  12. Special Topic: IUPAC Distinguished Women in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Awards 2023; Guest Editor: Mary J. Garson
  13. Method development for multielement determination of halogens and sulfur in teas
  14. Regular Review Article
  15. A brief history of risk assessment for agrochemicals
  16. Regular Research Articles
  17. Capture of volatile iodine by aromatic amines solutions
  18. Facile and green hydrothermal synthesis of MgAl/NiAl/ZnAl layered double hydroxide nanosheets: a physiochemical comparison
  19. Production of oil palm mesocarp fiber-based hydrogel using selected cross-linking acids
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