Home Effects of different production methods and hybridization on mechanical characteristics of basalt, flax, and jute fiber-reinforced composites
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Effects of different production methods and hybridization on mechanical characteristics of basalt, flax, and jute fiber-reinforced composites

  • Umut Kumlu

    Umut Kumlu was born in Adana on October 21, 1996. He completed his MSc education at the Institute of Natural and Applied Science of Cukurova University in 2023. He worked at Koluman Automotive Industry as an R&D Engineer 2 years. He has been working as a Research Assistant at Çukurova University, Automotive Engineering Department since March 2021. Besides, he continues his doctoral education in the same university. His areas of study stand out as Composites, Alloys, and Crashworthiness.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     , Berkay Karacor

    Berkay Karacor was born in Adana on May 18, 1994. He works as a Research Assistant in the Department of Automotive Engineering at Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. He completed his master’s degree in 2020 and is a doctoral student in the department where he actively participates. Berkay Karaçor’s areas of study are Composite Materials, Materials, and Bioresins.

         and Mustafa Ozcanli

    Mustafa Ozcanli was born in Adana on May 2, 1977. He completed his PhD in Mechanical Engineering at Çukurova University in 2009. He is also the Head of the Department of Automotive Engineering at Çukurova University, where he serves as Professor Doctor. His research topics stand out as Internal Combustion Engines, Biofuels, and Composite Materials.
Published/Copyright: December 2, 2024
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 67 Issue 1

Abstract

The advanced material properties and high quality of composite products are largely dependent on the production methods. In the current search, it was examined how the mechanical properties of flax, jute, and basalt fiber-reinforced composites were affected by three different production methods and hybridization processes. The materials were produced by hand lay-up, vacuum bagging, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding methods. While the physical and mechanical properties of specimens were determined by hardness, tensile, and water absorption tests, the fiber behavior of the composites was investigated by micrograph analysis. Tensile test data gave better results for homogeneous samples by 1.4–16.4 % for the samples produced with the use of vacuum-assisted resin transfer technique in comparison to the samples manufactured by the vacuum bagging technique, and by 7.3–22.5 % in comparison to the samples fabricated by the hand lay-up technique. Compared to the other two methods, 7.3–35.3 % better tensile strength results were obtained when using the VARTM technique in hybrid samples. Moreover, the hardness value measurement of the samples also supports the tensile strength data. However, the water absorption analysis results display that samples produced by hand lay-up absorb less water than samples produced by the other two production methods.

Keywords: different manufacturing methods; basalt fiber; flax fiber; jute fiber; hybridization
Corresponding author: Umut Kumlu, Department of Automotive Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye, E-mail:

About the authors

Umut Kumlu

Umut Kumlu was born in Adana on October 21, 1996. He completed his MSc education at the Institute of Natural and Applied Science of Cukurova University in 2023. He worked at Koluman Automotive Industry as an R&D Engineer 2 years. He has been working as a Research Assistant at Çukurova University, Automotive Engineering Department since March 2021. Besides, he continues his doctoral education in the same university. His areas of study stand out as Composites, Alloys, and Crashworthiness.

Berkay Karacor

Berkay Karacor was born in Adana on May 18, 1994. He works as a Research Assistant in the Department of Automotive Engineering at Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. He completed his master’s degree in 2020 and is a doctoral student in the department where he actively participates. Berkay Karaçor’s areas of study are Composite Materials, Materials, and Bioresins.

Mustafa Ozcanli

Mustafa Ozcanli was born in Adana on May 2, 1977. He completed his PhD in Mechanical Engineering at Çukurova University in 2009. He is also the Head of the Department of Automotive Engineering at Çukurova University, where he serves as Professor Doctor. His research topics stand out as Internal Combustion Engines, Biofuels, and Composite Materials.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

References

[1] E. Sarikaya, H. Çallioğlu, and H. Demirel, “Production of epoxy composites reinforced by different natural fibers and their mechanical properties,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 167, pp. 461–466, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.020.Search in Google Scholar

[2] G. Kannan and R. Thangaraju, “Recent progress on natural lignocellulosic fiber reinforced polymer composites: a review,” J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 19, no. 13, pp. 7100–7131, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.Search in Google Scholar

[3] S. B. Hosseini, “A review: nanomaterials as a filler in natural fiber reinforced composites,” J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 311–325, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2016.1212765.Search in Google Scholar

[4] A. S. Ismail, M. Jawaid, M. T. H. Sultan, and A. Hassan, “Physical and mechanical properties of woven kenaf/bamboo fiber mat reinforced epoxy hybrid composites,” BioResources, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1390–1404, 2019, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1390-1404.Search in Google Scholar

[5] A. M. Kumar, et al.., “Effects of abaca fiber reinforcement on the dynamic mechanical behavior of vinyl ester composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 555–562, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111044.Search in Google Scholar

[6] M. E. Demir, Y. H. Çelik, and E. Kilickap, “Effect of matrix material and orientation angle on tensile and tribological behavior of jute reinforced composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 806–812, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111388.Search in Google Scholar

[7] J. Arputhabalan, L. Karunamoorthy, and K. Palanikumar, “Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of aluminium sandwiched sisal/kenaf/aloevera/jute/flax natural fibre-reinforced epoxy LY556/GY250 composites,” Polym. Polym. Compos., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1495–1504, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391120973508.Search in Google Scholar

[8] P. V. Reddy, R. V. S. Reddy, P. Rajendra Prasad, D. Mohana Krishnudu, R. M. Reddy, and H. R. Rao, “Evaluation of mechanical and wear performances of natural fiber reinforced epoxy composites,” J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 2218–2231, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1807441.Search in Google Scholar

[9] R. Prem Kumar, M. Muthukrishnan, and A. Felix Sahayaraj, “Effect of hybridization on natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials – a review,” Polym. Compos., vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 4459–4479, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.27489.Search in Google Scholar

[10] S. Dhar Malingam, K. Subramaniam, N. Lin Feng, S. H. S. M. Fadzullah, and S. Subramonian, “Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 1095–1100, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111426.Search in Google Scholar

[11] Ö. Keleş, S. Bati, and Y. H. Çelik, “Hybrid effect on tensile, flexural, and quasi-static punch shear behavior of jute/ramie and jute/flax reinforced hybrid composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 802–816, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0383.Search in Google Scholar

[12] V. Fiore, T. Scalici, D. Badagliacco, D. Enea, G. Alaimo, and A. Valenza, “Aging resistance of bio-epoxy jute-basalt hybrid composites as novel multilayer structures for cladding,” Compos. Struct., vol. 160, pp. 1319–1328, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.025.Search in Google Scholar

[13] M. J. Suriani, et al.., “Critical review of natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites: processing, properties, applications and cost,” Polymers, vol. 13, no. 20, pp. 1–43, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203514.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[14] H. Serin and Ş. Yıldızhan, “Tensile properties and cost-property efficiency analyses of expanded polystyrene/chopped glass fiber/epoxy novel composite,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 145–151, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-1213-1.Search in Google Scholar

[15] H. Hu, et al.., “Improving mechanical, thermal, and erosive wear performance of natural bamboo fibers modified epoxy resin matrix composites,” Compos. Adv. Mater., vol. 31, 2022, Art. no. 263498332211433, https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833221143395.Search in Google Scholar

[16] A. K. J. Al-Shamary, R. Karakuzu, H. Kandas, and O. Ozdemir, “Experimental investigation of the impact behavior of glass/epoxy composite materials with the natural fiber layer,” Mater. Test., vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 780–786, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2133.Search in Google Scholar

[17] L. Kerni, S. Singh, A. Patnaik, and N. Kumar, “A review on natural fiber reinforced composites,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 28, pp. 1616–1621, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.851.Search in Google Scholar

[18] J. Summerscales and S. Grove, “Manufacturing methods for natural fibre composites,” in Natural Fibre Composites: Materials, Processes and Properties, A. Hodzic and R. Sharks, Eds., Sawston, United Kingdom, Woodhead Publishing, 2014, pp. 176–215.10.1533/9780857099228.2.176Search in Google Scholar

[19] Z. Yan, J. Zhang, G. Lin, H. Zhang, Y. Ding, and H. Wang, “Fabrication process optimization of hemp fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 32, no. 20, pp. 1504–1512, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684413501925.Search in Google Scholar

[20] M. Demir and R. Ekici, “Investigation of low‐velocity impact behaviors of polymer composites reinforced with different natural fiber fabrics,” Polym. Compos., vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 4928–4946, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28099.Search in Google Scholar

[21] A. Todorovic, Y. Blößl, G. Oreski, and K. Resch-Fauster, “High-performance composite with 100% bio-based carbon content produced from epoxidized linseed oil, citric acid and flax fiber reinforcement,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 152, 2022, Art. no. 106666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106666.Search in Google Scholar

[22] G. R. Arpitha, M. R. Sanjay, P. Senthamaraikannan, C. Barile, and B. Yogesha, “Hybridization effect of sisal/glass/epoxy/filler based woven fabric reinforced composites,” Exp. Tech., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 577–584, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-017-0203-4.Search in Google Scholar

[23] H. Rydarowski and M. Koziol, “Repeatability of glass fiber reinforced polymer laminate panels manufactured by hand lay-up and vacuum-assisted resin infusion,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 573–586, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998314521259.Search in Google Scholar

[24] J. Lai, X. Zhang, and X. Zhang, “Measuring the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforcement polymer composite laminates obtained by different fabrication processes,” J. Vis. Exp., vol. 196, 2023, Art. no. e65376, https://doi.org/10.3791/65376.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[25] B. Karacor and M. Ozcanli, “Analysis of mechanical properties of flax/carbon fiber reinforced hybrid composites produced using two different production methods,” J. Eng. Sci. Des., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 459–473, 2023, https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1130727.Search in Google Scholar

[26] M. Najafi, R. Eslami-Farsani, and S. M. R. Khalili, “Comparison of compression properties between vacuum influsion and hand lay-up method toward balsa core sandwich composites,” J. Mech. Res. Appl., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 33–40, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Kompozitshop, “Technical properties of basalt fiber,” [Online]. Available at: https://www.kompozitshop.com/bazalt-fiber-kumas-200grm2-plain. Accessed: July 24, 2023.Search in Google Scholar

[28] Kumascı.com, “Technical properties of flax,” [Online]. Available at: https://www.kumasci.com/urun/ham-keten-naturel-kumas/7372. Accessed: July 24, 2023.Search in Google Scholar

[29] Kumascı, “Technical characteristics of Jute fiber,” [Online]. Available: https://www.kumasci.com/urun/kanavice-jut-telis-cuval-kumasi-ham-en-sik-jut-10-onz-150-cm-en/7392. Accessed July 24, 2023.Search in Google Scholar

[30] Kompozitshop, “Epoxy and hardener,” [Online]. Available at: https://www.kompozitshop.com/epoksi-recine-ve-sertlestirici. Accessed July 24, 2023.Search in Google Scholar

[31] D. Kim, D. J. Hennigan, and K. D. Beavers, “Effect of fabrication processes on mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites for 49 meter (160 foot) recreational yachts,” Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 45–56, 2010, https://doi.org/10.2478/IJNAOE-2013-0019.Search in Google Scholar

[32] G. Belingardi, M. P. Cavatorta, and D. Salvatore Paolino, “Repeated impact response of hand lay-up and vacuum infusion thick glass reinforced laminates,” Int. J. Impact Eng., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 609–619, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.02.005.Search in Google Scholar

[33] ASTM D3039/D3039-M, “Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite material,” 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/98550/f0588f51192448929f16abe9c05f15f1/ASTM-D3039-D3039M-17.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[34] ASTM E92-17, “Standard test methods for Vickers hardness and Knoop hardness of metallic materials,” 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/97184/2e9210f925ac4a208204d568be9f0a4a/ASTM-E92-17.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[35] S. Prabhakaran, V. Krishnaraj, M. Senthilkumar, R. Zitoune, and K. Shankar, “Effect of water absorption on the flexural strength of a green sandwich composite,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 369–375, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111330.Search in Google Scholar

[36] ASTM D5229/D5229M-92 Standard Test Method for moisture absorption properties and equilibrium conditioning of polymer matrix composite materials, 1998, [Online]. Available: https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/6338/a650332a8a5a48a4b398d815ec4a4e23/ASTM-D5229-D5229M-92-1998-e1.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[37] A. A. Talabari, M. H. Alaei, and H. R. Shalian, “Experimental investigation of tensile properties in a glass/epoxy sample manufactured by vacuum infusion, vacuum bag and hand layup process,” Rev. Compos. Mater. Av., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 179–182, 2019, https://doi.org/10.18280/rcma.290308.Search in Google Scholar

[38] T. Scalici, G. Pitarresi, D. Badagliacco, V. Fiore, and A. Valenza, “Mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced composites manufactured with different vacuum assisted impregnation techniques,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 104, pp. 35–43, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.021.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Y. Xia and G. Xian, “Hybrid basalt/flax fibers reinforced polymer composites and their use in confinement of concrete cylinders,” Adv. Struct. Eng., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 941–953, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219886084.Search in Google Scholar

[40] A. P. Abhishek, B. S. K. Gowda, G. L. E. Prasad, and R. Velmurugan, “Probabilistic study of tensile and flexure properties of untreated jute fiber reinforced polyester composite,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 11050–11055, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.08.066.Search in Google Scholar

[41] N. Zareei, A. Geranmayeh, and R. Eslami-Farsani, “Interlaminar shear strength and tensile properties of environmentally-friendly fiber metal laminates reinforced by hybrid basalt and jute fibers,” Polym. Test., vol. 75, pp. 205–212, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.02.002.Search in Google Scholar

[42] H. Jamshaid and R. Mishra, “Thermomechanical characteristics of basalt hybrid and nonhybrid woven fabric-reinforced epoxy composites,” Polym. Compos., vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 2982–2994, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23495.Search in Google Scholar

[43] M. A. Agwa, S. M. Youssef, S. S. Ali-Eldin, and M. Megahed, “Integrated vacuum assisted resin infusion and resin transfer molding technique for manufacturing of nano-filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite,” J. Ind. Text., vol. 51, no. 3_SUPPL, pp. 5113S–5144S, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720932337.Search in Google Scholar

[44] B. Gapiński, M. Szostak, and V. Ivanov, Advances in Manufacturing II, vol. 4, Cham, Switzerland, Springer, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16943-5.Search in Google Scholar

[45] F. A. Almansour, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, “Effect of water absorption on mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of flax/basalt reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites,” Compos. Struct., vol. 168, pp. 813–825, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.02.081.Search in Google Scholar

[46] L. Prasad, A. Saini, and V. Kumar, “Mechanical performance of jute and basalt fiber geo-grid-reinforced epoxy hybrid composite material,” J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 694–704, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1645789.Search in Google Scholar

[47] C. M. Vu, D. D. Nguyen, L. H. Sinh, H. J. Choi, and T. D. Pham, “Micro-fibril cellulose as a filler for glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: fabrication and mechanical characteristics,” Macromol. Res., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 54–60, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-018-6006-3.Search in Google Scholar

[48] K. Sałasińska, et al.., “The effect of manufacture process on mechanical properties and burning behavior of epoxy-based hybrid composites,” Materials, vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 301, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010301.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[49] L. A. Pothan, J. George, and S. Thomas, “Effect of fiber surface treatments on the fiber-matrix interaction in banana fiber reinforced polyester composites,” Compos. Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 335–353, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1163/156855402760194692.Search in Google Scholar

[50] F. Z Lin, H. B. Wang, T. Q. Yue, P. P. Qiu, and T. Liu, “Inner defects elimination and significant reinforcement of rice straw/high-density polyethylene composites by extractives removal process,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 138, no. 14, pp. 1–11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.50137.Search in Google Scholar

[51] C. Fragassa, A. Pavlovic, and C. Santulli, “Mechanical and impact characterisation of flax and basalt fibre vinylester composites and their hybrids,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 137, pp. 247–259, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.004.Search in Google Scholar

[52] P. Amuthakkannan, V. Manikandan, J. T. W. Jappes, and M. Uthayakumar, “Influence of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of basalt-jute fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composites,” J. Polym. Eng., vol. 32, nos. 8–9, pp. 547–554, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0063.Search in Google Scholar

[53] M. Choudhary, A. Sharma, M. Dwivedi, and A. Patnaik, “A comparative study of the physical, mechanical and thermo-mechanical behavior of GFRP composite based on fabrication techniques,” Fibers Polym., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 823–831, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-8863-6.Search in Google Scholar

[54] T. Raja and Y. Devarajan, “A novel way of converting waste-enriched composites to lightweight, biodegradable resources: a property analysis,” Biomass Convers. Biorefin., vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 19431–19441, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03872-z.Search in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2024-12-02
Published in Print: 2025-01-29

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. The effect of MWCNT concentration on the electrical resistance change characteristic of glass/fiber epoxy composites under low cycle fatigue loading
  3. Effect of TMAB and ZrC concentration on mechanical and morphological properties of Ni–B/ZrC composite electrodeposition
  4. Influence of pulse duration and frequency of laser surface texturing on the surface roughness and microstructure of CoCr28Mo alloy for biomedical applications
  5. Comparison of Ni-based SiC and B4C reinforcements on a TIG-coated AISI 1040 steel
  6. Fatigue life of friction stir spot welds between Z91 magnesium alloy and ENAW7075-T651 aluminum alloy
  7. Effect of wire feed speed and arc length on weld bead geometry in synergistic controlled pulsed MIG/MAG welding
  8. Structural and morphological behavior of Al-based hybrid composites reinforced by SiC and WS2 inorganic material
  9. Impact behavior of natural material-based sandwich composites
  10. Effects of different production methods and hybridization on mechanical characteristics of basalt, flax, and jute fiber-reinforced composites
  11. Effect of heat treatment on interface characteristics and mechanical properties of explosive welded Cu/Ti composites
  12. Enhanced mechanical properties of Sr-modified Al–Mg–Si alloy by thermo-mechanical treatment
  13. Mechanical properties of laser welded similar and dissimilar steel joints of TBF1050 and DP1000 steel sheets
  14. Mechanical behavior of composite pipe structures under compressive force and its prediction using different machine learning algorithms
  15. Advanced structural design of engineering components utilizing an artificial neural network and GNDO algorithm
  16. Energy efficiency in materials testing by reactive power – part 1: power recirculating method in wear testing
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0232
Keywords for this article
different manufacturing methods; basalt fiber; flax fiber; jute fiber; hybridization

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. The effect of MWCNT concentration on the electrical resistance change characteristic of glass/fiber epoxy composites under low cycle fatigue loading
  3. Effect of TMAB and ZrC concentration on mechanical and morphological properties of Ni–B/ZrC composite electrodeposition
  4. Influence of pulse duration and frequency of laser surface texturing on the surface roughness and microstructure of CoCr28Mo alloy for biomedical applications
  5. Comparison of Ni-based SiC and B4C reinforcements on a TIG-coated AISI 1040 steel
  6. Fatigue life of friction stir spot welds between Z91 magnesium alloy and ENAW7075-T651 aluminum alloy
  7. Effect of wire feed speed and arc length on weld bead geometry in synergistic controlled pulsed MIG/MAG welding
  8. Structural and morphological behavior of Al-based hybrid composites reinforced by SiC and WS2 inorganic material
  9. Impact behavior of natural material-based sandwich composites
  10. Effects of different production methods and hybridization on mechanical characteristics of basalt, flax, and jute fiber-reinforced composites
  11. Effect of heat treatment on interface characteristics and mechanical properties of explosive welded Cu/Ti composites
  12. Enhanced mechanical properties of Sr-modified Al–Mg–Si alloy by thermo-mechanical treatment
  13. Mechanical properties of laser welded similar and dissimilar steel joints of TBF1050 and DP1000 steel sheets
  14. Mechanical behavior of composite pipe structures under compressive force and its prediction using different machine learning algorithms
  15. Advanced structural design of engineering components utilizing an artificial neural network and GNDO algorithm
  16. Energy efficiency in materials testing by reactive power – part 1: power recirculating method in wear testing
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 25.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2024-0232/pdf
Scroll to top button