Adhesive wear behavior and microstructure of FeCr–FeMn–FeB–C coatings

Mehmet Yaz

doi:10.1515/mt-2023-0347

Article

Adhesive wear behavior and microstructure of FeCr–FeMn–FeB–C coatings

Mehmet Yaz
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Yaz, born in 1962, completed his higher education in 1986 at the Gazi University Technical Education Faculty, Machining Department. In the fall of 1996, he started his graduate studies at the Institute of Science, Department of Mechanical Education. After completing his Master’s degree in 1999, he started his PhD at the Institute of Science, Department of Metallurgical Education. In 2005, he successfully completed his PhD. Currently, he is Associate Professor in the field of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering.

Published/Copyright: November 3, 2023

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Submit Manuscript Author Information

From the journal Materials Testing Volume 66 Issue 1

Abstract

This study employs a high-energy-density gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to fabricate a surface coating on a substrate of 0.15 percent carbon steel, incorporating powders of FeCr, FeMn, FeB, and graphite. The investigation encompasses a multifaceted approach, utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical micrograph (OM) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, microhardness testing, and adhesive wear testing, with the aim of examining the composite coating’s microstructural attributes, microhardness, and performance under dry-sliding wear conditions. The research findings reveal the formation of diverse carbides and borides, including Mn₅C₂, Fe₃C, B₈C, B₄C, Fe₃B, Fe₇C₃, FeB, and MnB on the coated surfaces. Notably, the graphite particles within the FeB–FeMn–FeCr–C composite TIG welding coatings exhibit a range of morphologies, varying from sheet-like to dendritic structures.

Keywords: FeCr; FeB; FeMn; adhesive wear; coating

Corresponding author: Mehmet Yaz, Technical Sciences of Vocational High School, Firat University, Elazig, 23119, Türkiye, E-mail: myaz@firat.edu.tr

About the author

Mehmet Yaz

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Yaz, born in 1962, completed his higher education in 1986 at the Gazi University Technical Education Faculty, Machining Department. In the fall of 1996, he started his graduate studies at the Institute of Science, Department of Mechanical Education. After completing his Master’s degree in 1999, he started his PhD at the Institute of Science, Department of Metallurgical Education. In 2005, he successfully completed his PhD. Currently, he is Associate Professor in the field of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering.

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Firat University Scientific Research Projects Unit. This work was supported by FUBAP (Project No: 1809).

Research ethics: A similarity test was performed by intihal.net and the result was 19 %.
Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: The author state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: FUBAP (Project No: 1809).
Data availability: Not applicable.

References

[1] R. S. Vidyarthy and D. K. Dwivedi, “Activating flux tungsten inert gas welding for enhanced weld penetration,” J. Manuf. Process., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 211–228, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.03.012.Search in Google Scholar

[2] P. J. Modenesi, E. R. Apolinario, and I. M. Pereira, “TIG welding with single-component fluxes,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 99, nos. 1–3, pp. 260–265, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00435-5.Search in Google Scholar

[3] T. Teker and D. Gencdogan, “Heat affected zone and weld metal analysis of HARDOX 450 and ferritic stainless steel double sided TIG-joints,” Mater. Test., vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 923–928, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0022.Search in Google Scholar

[4] S. O. Yılmaz, “Wear behavior of gas tungsten arc deposited FeCrC, FeCrSi, and WCo coatings on AISI 1018 steel,” Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 194, nos. 2–3, pp. 175–183, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.227.Search in Google Scholar

[5] I. Kirik, Z. Balalan, A. Imak, and M. Yaz, “Properties of different TIG coatings of Stellite on the Hardox 450 and St 52 steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 1089–1093, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111590.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Y. Yanliang, X. Jiandong, R. Xiangyi, F. Hanguang, L. Qiang, and Y. Dawei, “Investigation on abrasive wear behavior of FeeB alloys containing various molybdenum contents,” Tribol. Int., vol. 135, no. 7, pp. 237–245, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.005.Search in Google Scholar

[7] W. Yong, L. Chengsong, N. Hongwei, et al.., “Effect of ferrochromium (FeCr) and ferroniobium (FeNb) alloys on inclusion and precipitate characteristics in austenitic stainless steels,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 25, nos. 8–9, pp. 4989–5002, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.011.Search in Google Scholar

[8] M. Schinhammer, A. Hänzi, J. Löffler, and P. Uggowitzer, “Design strategy for biodegradable Fe-based alloys for medical applications,” Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1705–1713, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.07.039.10.1016/j.actbio.2009.07.039Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] A. Francis, Y. Yang, S. Virtanen, and A. Boccaccini, “Iron and iron-based alloys for temporary cardiovascular applications,” J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1–16, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5473-8.10.1007/s10856-015-5473-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] W. Xu, X. Lu, L. Tan, and K. Yang, “Study on properties of a novel biodegradable Fe–30Mn–1C alloy,” Acta Metall. Sin., vol. 17, pp. 1342–1347, 2011. http://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1037.2011.00258.Search in Google Scholar

[11] E. Mouzou, C. Paternoster, R. Tolouei, et al.., “In vitro degradation behavior of Fe–20Mn–1.2C alloy in three different pseudo-physiological solutions,” Mater. Sci. Eng., C, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 564–573, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.092.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] O. Bouaziz, S. Allain, C. Scott, P. Cugy, and D. Barbier, “High manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity steels: a review of the microstructure properties relationships,” Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 141–168, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2011.04.002.Search in Google Scholar

[13] Z. Y. Ma, S. C. Tjong, and L. Gen, “In-situ Ti-TiB metal–matrix composite prepared by a reactive pressing process,” Scr. Mater., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 367–373, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00354-1.Search in Google Scholar

[14] S. O. Yılmaz, M. Ozenbas, and M. Yaz, “Synthesis of TiB2-reinforced iron-based composite coating,” Tribol. Int., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1220–1229, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.04.041.Search in Google Scholar

[15] T. Teker and A. Topal, “Properties and chemical composition of plasma arc welded Hardox450+FeW coatings,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 35–40, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111278.Search in Google Scholar

[16] A. Aliyu and C. Srivastava, “Morphology and corrosion properties of FeMn-graphene oxide composite coatings,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 821, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153560.Search in Google Scholar

[17] M. F. Buchely, J. C. Gutierrez, L. M. Leon, and A. Toro, “The effect of microstructure on abrasive wear of hardfacing alloys,” Wear, vol. 259, nos. 1–6, pp. 52–61, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.03.002.Search in Google Scholar

[18] H. Berns, “Microstructural properties of wear-resistant alloys,” Wear, vols. 181–183, no. P1, pp. 271–279, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(95)90034-9.Search in Google Scholar

[19] M. Kirchgaßner, E. Badisch, and F. Franek, “Behaviour of iron-based hardfacing alloys under abrasion and impact,” Wear, vol. 265, nos. 5–6, pp. 772–779, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.01.004.Search in Google Scholar

[20] T. Teker and S. O. Yilmaz, “Metallurgical characterization of mechanically alloyed MoNiAl-WC reinforced Fe matrix composite,” Mater. Test., vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 1199–1204, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111606.Search in Google Scholar

[21] L. Zhang, B. Liu, H. Yu, and D. Sun, “Rapidly solidified non-equilibrium microstructure and phase transformation of plasma cladding Fe-based alloy coating,” Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 201, no. 12, pp. 5931–5936, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.050.Search in Google Scholar

[22] M. Eroglu, “Boride coatings on steel using shielded metal arc welding electrode: microstructure and hardness,” Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 203, no. 16, pp. 2229–2235, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.02.010.Search in Google Scholar

[23] M. Yaz, “In situ formation of square shaped Fe2B borides in coated surface produced by GTAW,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 15, nos. 9–10, pp. 1037–1046, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[24] M. Yaz, “Adhesive wear behavior of FeB–FeMn–C coatings produced by GTAW,” Mater. Test., vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 1190–1201, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0164.Search in Google Scholar

[25] M. Yaz, “Adhesive wear behavior of gas tungsten arc welded FeB-FeMo-C coatings,” Mater. Test., vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 228–239, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2001.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2023-11-03

Published in Print: 2024-01-29

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0347

Keywords for this article

FeCr; FeB; FeMn; adhesive wear; coating