Home Influence of Ti and Nb addition on the microstructure, mechanical, and machinability properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Influence of Ti and Nb addition on the microstructure, mechanical, and machinability properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy

  • Mehmet Akif Erden

    Dr. Mehmet Akif Erden was born in Bursa, Turkey, 1986. He graduated from Karabük University in 2007 and took his MSc degree in 2011 and his Ph.D degree in 2015 from Karabük University, Turkey. He works as an Associate Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University. His main areas of expertise and work are powder metallurgy, mechanical alloying and material characterization.

     EMAIL logo     , Fatma Gül Uzun

    Fatma Gül Uzun was born in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. She graduated from Karabük University in 2020 and took his MSc degree in 2022. Her research interests include powder metallurgy and material characterization.

         , Mahir Akgün

    Dr. Mahir Akgün is an Associate Professor in the Department of Machine and Metal Technologies at Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey. He completed his BSc, MSc, and Ph.D. degrees in Manufacturing Engineering from the University of Karabük, Karabük, Turkey, in 2011, 2013, and 2021, respectively. His research interests are manufacturing processes, cryogenic treatment, optimization and techniques.

     ORCID logo     and Hasan Gökçe

    Dr. Hasan Gökçe was born in Denizli, Turkey, 1977. He graduated from Dumlupınar University in 1998 and took his MSc degree from Istanbul Technical University in 2002 and his Ph.D degree in 2021 from Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. He is currently the Assistant Director at Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Adnan Tekin Materials Science and Production Technologies Applied Research Center (ATARC). His main areas of expertise and work are mechanical alloying, mechanochemical synthesis, Al-based composites, borides, high-entropy borides, high-entropy alloys, high-temperature ceramics, ballistic materials, and material characterization.
Published/Copyright: June 23, 2023
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 65 Issue 8

Abstract

In this study, titanium and niobium element powders in determined amounts (0.25 and 0.5 wt%) were added into the 316L stainless steel matrix by means of powder metallurgy (PM) technology, either singly or in pairs, and the desired composition was obtained as a powder mixture. The powders used in the study were cold pressed tensile sample molds prepared in ASTM 8 M standards, unidirectionally cold pressed under 700 MPa compression pressure and formed into blocks. After pressing, the raw strength samples were sintered in an atmosphere-controlled tube furnace at 1325 °C for 2 h in an argon atmosphere. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced PM steels were characterized by optical microscope, SEM, EDS, and tensile test. The results showed that the stainless-steel samples with 0.25(Ti–Nb) added composition to 316L stainless steel had the highest yield strength and tensile strengths. However, with the addition of 0.5Ti, 0.5Nb, and 0.5(Ti–Nb) to 316L stainless steel, a decrease was observed in the mechanical properties. Moreover, the MQL machining is better on the machining output such as surface roughness and cutting temperature than dry machining in terms of a sustainable machining process.

Keywords: AISI 316L; machining; mechanical properties; niobium; powder metallurgy; titanium
Corresponding author: Mehmet Akif Erden, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, 78050, Türkiye, E-mail:

Funding source: Scientificc Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karabük University (Karabük, Turkey)

Award Identifier / Grant number: Project Number: KBÃœBAP-21-YL-085

About the authors

Mehmet Akif Erden

Dr. Mehmet Akif Erden was born in Bursa, Turkey, 1986. He graduated from Karabük University in 2007 and took his MSc degree in 2011 and his Ph.D degree in 2015 from Karabük University, Turkey. He works as an Associate Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University. His main areas of expertise and work are powder metallurgy, mechanical alloying and material characterization.

Fatma Gül Uzun

Fatma Gül Uzun was born in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. She graduated from Karabük University in 2020 and took his MSc degree in 2022. Her research interests include powder metallurgy and material characterization.

Mahir Akgün

Dr. Mahir Akgün is an Associate Professor in the Department of Machine and Metal Technologies at Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey. He completed his BSc, MSc, and Ph.D. degrees in Manufacturing Engineering from the University of Karabük, Karabük, Turkey, in 2011, 2013, and 2021, respectively. His research interests are manufacturing processes, cryogenic treatment, optimization and techniques.

Hasan Gökçe

Dr. Hasan Gökçe was born in Denizli, Turkey, 1977. He graduated from Dumlupınar University in 1998 and took his MSc degree from Istanbul Technical University in 2002 and his Ph.D degree in 2021 from Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. He is currently the Assistant Director at Istanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Adnan Tekin Materials Science and Production Technologies Applied Research Center (ATARC). His main areas of expertise and work are mechanical alloying, mechanochemical synthesis, Al-based composites, borides, high-entropy borides, high-entropy alloys, high-temperature ceramics, ballistic materials, and material characterization.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: Authors owe a debt of thanks to Karabuk University BAP coordinators for indirectly supporting the KBÜ-BAP project (Grant number: KBÜBAP-17-KP-049).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

[1] R. M. German, Powder Metallurgy of Iron and Steel, New York, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

[2] R. Raja and M. A. Rajkumar, “Short note on manufacturing process of metal,” Int. J. Res. Comput. Appl. Robot., vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 120–128, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

[3] S. Gündüz, H. Karabulut, M. A. Erden, and M. Türkmen, “Microstructural effects on fatigue behaviour of a forged medium carbon microalloyed steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 55, nos. 11–12, pp. 865–870, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110511.Search in Google Scholar

[4] F. Küçükakarsu, İ. Ayhan, E. Alan, D. Taştemür, and S. Gündüz, “Effect of hot rolling process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of continuously cooled low-carbon high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 1136–1149, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2220.Search in Google Scholar

[5] J. Black and A. K. Ronald, DeGarmo’s Materials and Processes in Manufacturing, 13th ed. Hoboken, USA, Wiley Publishing, 2019.Search in Google Scholar

[6] M. A. Erden, S. Gündüz, M. Türkmen, and H. Karabulut, “Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of microalloyed powder metallurgy steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 616, pp. 201–206, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.026.Search in Google Scholar

[7] O. Benkhelifa, A. Cherfia, and M. Nouioua, “Modeling and multi-response optimization of cutting parameters in turning of AISI 316L using RSM and desirability function approach,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 122, pp. 1987–2002, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10044-2.Search in Google Scholar

[8] J. B. Park and Y. K. Kim, Biomaterials: Metallic Biomaterials, Boca Raton, USA, CRC Press, 2007.10.1201/9780849378898.ch1Search in Google Scholar

[9] B. Güney and Y. Dilay, “Determination of abrasion resistance of Fe28Cr5C1Mn coating applied to 30MnB5 boron alloy cultivator blades via electric arc spray,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C, vol. 236, no. 14, pp. 9687–9699, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062221097803.Search in Google Scholar

[10] H. O. Gulsoy, S. Pazarlioglu, N. Gulsoy, B. Gundede, and O. Mutlu, “Effect of Zr, Nb and Ti addition on injection molded 316L stainless steel for bio-applications: mechanical, electrochemical and biocompatibility properties,” J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., vol. 51, pp. 215–224, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.016.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] A. Kurup, P. Dhatrak, and N. Khasnis, “Surface modification techniques of titanium and titanium alloys for biomedical dental applications: a review,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 84–90, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.163.Search in Google Scholar

[12] N. Schiff, B. Grosgogeat, M. Lissac, and F. Dalard, “Influence of fluoridated mouthwashes on corrosion resistance of orthodontics wires,” Biomaterials, vol. 25, no. 19, pp. 4535–4542, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.11.042.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Y. Akinay and F. Hayat, “Effect of Ni on the mechanical behavior of a high-Mn austenitic TWIP steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 413–417, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110879.Search in Google Scholar

[14] P. Setia, T. Venkateswaran, K. T. Tharian, J. Jain, S. S. Singh, and S. Shekhar, “Influence of Si content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon stainless steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 829, 2022, Art. no. 142141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142141.Search in Google Scholar

[15] O. Muratal and R. Yamanoglu, “Production of 316L stainless steel used in biomedical applications by powder metallurgy,” in 2019 Scientific Meeting on Electrical-Electronics & Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science (EBBT), Istanbul, Turkey, IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–4.10.1109/EBBT.2019.8742055Search in Google Scholar

[16] L. T. Liu, A. W. H. Chin, P. Yu, L. L. M. Poon, and M. X. Huang, “Anti-pathogen stainless steel combating COVID-19,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 433, 2022, Art. no. 133783, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133783.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[17] H. F. Fischmeister, “Applications of quantitative microscopy in materials engineering,” J. Microsc., vol. 95, pp. 119–143, 1972, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1972.tb03715.x.Search in Google Scholar

[18] T. Gladman and J. Woodhead, “The accuracy of point counting in metallographic investigation,” J. Iron Steel Inst., vol. 194, pp. 189–193, 1960.Search in Google Scholar

[19] R. M. German, Powder Metallurgy Science, 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ, USA, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 1994.Search in Google Scholar

[20] S. Sarıtaş, M. Türker, and N. Durlu, Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Processing, Ankara, Turkey, Turkish Powder Metallurgy Association, 2007, pp. 5–33.Search in Google Scholar

[21] E. Bakkali, A. Chenaouia, R. Dkiouaka, L. Elbakkalib, “Characterization of deformation stability of medium carbon microalloyed steel during hot forging using phenomenological and continoum criteria,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 199, no. 1–3, pp. 140–149, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.08.004.Search in Google Scholar

[22] T. Gladman, The Physical Metallurgy of Microalloyed Steels, The Institute of Materials, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

[23] L. C. Cuddy and J. C. Raley, “Austenite grain coarsening in microalloyed steels,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 14, pp. 1989–1995, 1983, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02662366.Search in Google Scholar

[24] A. G. Kostryzhev, A. Al Shahrani, C. Zhu, et al.., “Effect of niobium clustering and precipitation on strength of an NbTi-microalloyed ferritic steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 607, pp. 226–235, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.03.140.Search in Google Scholar

[25] M. Korczynsky, “Microalloying and thermo-mechanical treatment,” in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Microstructure and Properties of HSLA Steels, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1987, pp. 169–201.Search in Google Scholar

[26] M. A. Erden, S. Gündüz, H. Karabulut, and M. Türkmen, “Effect of vanadium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon micro-alloyed powder metallurgy steels,” Mater. Test., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 433–437, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110875.Search in Google Scholar

[27] B. Güney, Y. Dilay, M. Solomon, H. Gerengi, A. Özkan, and M. Yıldız, “Corrosion characteristics of plasma spray, arc spray, high velocity oxygen fuel, and diamond jet coated 30MnB5 boron alloyed steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution,” Corros. Rev., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 51–63, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2021-0026.Search in Google Scholar

[28] M. A. Erden and M. Akgün, “Effect of Mo addition on microstructure, mechanical and machinability properties of Cr-PM steels,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C, vol. 236, no. 10, pp. 5455–5467, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062211058600.Search in Google Scholar

[29] D. Özdemirler, S. Gündüz, and M. A. Erden, “Influence of NbC addition on the sintering behaviour of medium carbon PM steels,” Metals, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 121, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/met7040121.Search in Google Scholar

[30] S. Zajac, T. Siwecki, B. Hutchinson, and M. Attlegard, “Recrystallization controlled rolling and accelerated cooling for high strength and toughness in V-Ti-N steels,” Metall. Trans. A, vol. 22, pp. 2681–2694, 1991, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02851362.Search in Google Scholar

[31] P. C. M. Rodrigues, E. V. Pereloma, and D. B. Santos, “Mechanical properties of an HSLA bainitic steel subjected to controlled rolling with accelerated cooling,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 283, nos. 1–2, pp. 136–143, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00795-9.Search in Google Scholar

[32] Z. Jia, R. D. K. Misra, R. O. Malley, and S. J. Jansto, “Fine-scale precipitation and mechanical properties of thin slab processed titanium-niobium bearing high strength steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 528, nos. 22–23, pp. 7077–7083, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.05.073.Search in Google Scholar

[33] H. Najafi, J. Rassizadehghani, and A. Halvaaee, “Mechanical properties of as cast microalloyed steels containing V, Nb and Ti,” Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 23, pp. 699–705, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1179/174328407X179755.Search in Google Scholar

[34] X. Guang, G. Xiaolong, M. Guojun, L. Feng, and Z. Hang, “The development of Ti alloyed high strength microalloy steel,” Mater. Des., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 2891–2896, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.12.032.Search in Google Scholar

[35] S. Gündüz, M. A. Erden, H. Karabulut, and M. Türkmen, “Effect of the addition niobium and aluminium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the micro-alloyed PM steels,” Mater. Technol., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 641–648, 2016, https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2015.248.Search in Google Scholar

[36] R. G. Davies, R. A. Kot, and B. L. Bramfitt, Fundamentals of Dual-phase Steels, 1st ed., New York, USA, TME/AIME, 1981.Search in Google Scholar

[37] D. T. Llewellyn and R. C. Hudd, Steels: Metallurgy and Applications, 3rd ed. Oxford, England, Butterworths Press, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

[38] M. A. Erden, “The Effect of the sintering temperature and addition of niobium and vanadium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed PM steels,” Metals, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 329, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090329.Search in Google Scholar

[39] M. A. M. Ahssi, M. A. Erden, M. Acarer, and H. Çuğ, “The effect of nickel on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties of niobium–vanadium microalloyed powder metallurgy steels,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 18, p. 4021, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184021.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[40] M. A. Erden and B. Ayvacı, “The Effect on mechanical properties of pressing technique in PM steels,” Acta Phys. Pol., A, vol. 135, no. 5, pp. 1078–1080, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.135.1078.Search in Google Scholar

[41] M. A. Erden, A. M. Erer, Ç. Odabaşi, and S. Gündüz, “The investigation of the effect of cu addition on the Nb-V microalloyed steel produced by powder metallurgy,” Sci. Sintering, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 153–167, 2022, https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS2202153E.Search in Google Scholar

[42] D. Shanmugasundaram and R. Chandramouli, “Tensile and impact behaviour of sinter-forged Cr, Ni and Mo alloyed powder metallurgy steels,” Mater. Des., vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 3444–3449, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.03.020.Search in Google Scholar

[43] M. Günay, “Optimization with taguchi method of cutting parameters and tool nose radius in machining of AISI 316L steel,” J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univer., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 437–444, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[44] A. T. Abbas, D. Y. Pimenov, I. N. Erdakov, T. Mikolajczyk, E. A. El Danaf, and M. A. Taha, “Minimization of turning time for high-strength steel with a given surface roughness using the Edgeworth–Pareto optimization method,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 93, pp. 2375–2392, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0678-2.Search in Google Scholar

[45] E. M. Trent, Metal Cutting, 3rd ed. London, England, Butterworths Press, 1989.Search in Google Scholar

[46] H. Demir, S. Gündüz, and M. A. Erden, “Influence of the heat treatment on the microstructure and machinability of AISI H13 hot work tool steel,” Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol., vol. 95, pp. 2951–2958, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1426-3.Search in Google Scholar

[47] O. Öndin, T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, and Ç. V. Yıldırım, “Investigation of the influence of MWCNTs mixed nanofluid on the machinability characteristics of pH 13–8 Mo stainless steel,” Tribol. Int., vol. 148, 2020, Art. no. 106323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106323.Search in Google Scholar

[48] M. E. Korkmaz, M. K. Gupta, M. Boy, N. Yaşar, G. M. Krolczyk, and M. Günay, “Influence of duplex jets MQL and nano-MQL cooling system on machining performance of Nimonic 80A,” J. Manuf. Process., vol. 69, pp. 112–124, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.07.039.Search in Google Scholar

[49] Ç. V. Yıldırım, M. Sarıkaya, T. Kıvak, and Ş. Şirin, “The effect of addition of hBN nanoparticles to nanofluid-MQL on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ni-based Inconel 625,” Tribol. Int., vol. 134, pp. 443–456, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.02.027.Search in Google Scholar

[50] S. Debnath, M. M. Reddy, and Q. S. Yi, “Environmental friendly cutting fluids and cooling techniques in machining: a review,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 83, pp. 33–47, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.071.Search in Google Scholar

[51] I. Ciftci, “Machining of austenitic stainless steels using CVD multi-layer coated cemented carbide tools,” Tribol. Int. vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 565–569, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.05.005.Search in Google Scholar

[52] T. Doğan and S. Gündüz, “Effect of different grain sizes on the static strain aging behavior of bake hardening steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 674–680, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111370.Search in Google Scholar

[53] V. Hiremath, P. Badiger, V. Auradi, S. T. Dundur, and S. A. Kori, “Influence of particle size on cutting forces and surface roughness in machining of B4Cp-6061 aluminium matrix composites,” in 2nd International Manufacturing Engineering Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, IOPscience, 2016.10.1088/1757-899X/114/1/012041Search in Google Scholar

[54] Ş. Şirin, Ç. V. Yıldırım, T. Kıvak, and M. Sarıkaya, “Performance of cryogenically treated carbide inserts under sustainable cryo-lubrication assisted milling of Inconel X750 alloy,” Sustainable Mater. Technol., vol. 29, 2021, Art. no. 00314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2021.e00314.Search in Google Scholar

[55] T. Kıvak, M. Sarıkaya, Ç. V. Yıldırım, and Ş. Şirin, “Study on turning performance of PVD TiN coated Al2O3+ TiCN ceramic tool under cutting fluid reinforced by nano-sized solid particles,” J. Manuf. Process, vol. 56, pp. 522–539, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.017.Search in Google Scholar

[56] I. Ciftci, “Cutting tool wear mechanism when machining particulate reinforced MMCs,” Technology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 275–282, 2009.Search in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2023-06-23
Published in Print: 2023-08-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Innovative prevention of stress corrosion crack propagation in nuclear power pipe welds
  3. A new manufacturing process for allogeneic bone plates based on high hydrostatic pressure–treated granules for jaw augmentation
  4. Effects of Mn and Cu on descaling of hot-rolled 304L stainless steel in HCl and H2O2 mixtures
  5. Development of morphology and lattice misfit in modified Ni-base superalloy with Al, Co and Ni additions
  6. Adhesive wear behavior of FeB–FeMn–C coatings produced by GTAW
  7. Approximation of the stiffness of laminate stacks of electric motors subjected to cyclic loads
  8. Microstructure development and mechanical behaviour of pure copper processed by the novel TWO-CAP procedure
  9. Composite disc optimization using hunger games search optimization algorithm
  10. Cheetah optimization algorithm for optimum design of heat exchangers
  11. Influence of Ti and Nb addition on the microstructure, mechanical, and machinability properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy
  12. Effect of impactor nose form on the impact behavior of reinforced composite materials
  13. Optimization of cutting parameters by thrust force and time for drilling of aluminum 2024 T351
  14. Effect of curvature and stacking sequence on flexural strength in glass fiber reinforced composites
  15. Influence of tool pin shape and rotation speed for friction stir spot welding of AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets
  16. Corrigendum to: Mechanical properties and wear-corrosion resistance of a new compound extrusion process for magnesium alloy AZ61
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0358
Keywords for this article
AISI 316L; machining; mechanical properties; niobium; powder metallurgy; titanium

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Innovative prevention of stress corrosion crack propagation in nuclear power pipe welds
  3. A new manufacturing process for allogeneic bone plates based on high hydrostatic pressure–treated granules for jaw augmentation
  4. Effects of Mn and Cu on descaling of hot-rolled 304L stainless steel in HCl and H2O2 mixtures
  5. Development of morphology and lattice misfit in modified Ni-base superalloy with Al, Co and Ni additions
  6. Adhesive wear behavior of FeB–FeMn–C coatings produced by GTAW
  7. Approximation of the stiffness of laminate stacks of electric motors subjected to cyclic loads
  8. Microstructure development and mechanical behaviour of pure copper processed by the novel TWO-CAP procedure
  9. Composite disc optimization using hunger games search optimization algorithm
  10. Cheetah optimization algorithm for optimum design of heat exchangers
  11. Influence of Ti and Nb addition on the microstructure, mechanical, and machinability properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy
  12. Effect of impactor nose form on the impact behavior of reinforced composite materials
  13. Optimization of cutting parameters by thrust force and time for drilling of aluminum 2024 T351
  14. Effect of curvature and stacking sequence on flexural strength in glass fiber reinforced composites
  15. Influence of tool pin shape and rotation speed for friction stir spot welding of AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets
  16. Corrigendum to: Mechanical properties and wear-corrosion resistance of a new compound extrusion process for magnesium alloy AZ61
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 14.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2022-0358/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button