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Influence of tool pin shape and rotation speed for friction stir spot welding of AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets

  • Omer Ekinci

    Dr. Omer Ekinci, born in 1988, achieved his BSc in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey, in 2010. He obtained his MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Systems Management, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, in 2014. He achieved his PhD at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey, in 2021. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey. His research areas include laser welding, solid-state welding processes and materials science.

         and Zulkuf Balalan

    Dr. Zulkuf Balalan, born in 1970, achieved his BSc in the Machine Department, Faculty of Technical Education, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey, in 1996 and his MSc in the same department in 2004. In 2013, he achieved his PhD at the same university. Since 2014, he has been Assistant Professor at Bingol University in Turkey. His research areas include solid-state welding processes, materials science, composite materials, powder metallurgy, and manufacturing techniques.

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Published/Copyright: June 15, 2023
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 65 Issue 8

Abstract

Light weight design is believed one of the most effective ways to enhance performance, reduce fuel consumption and harmful gases for air and land vehicles. Hence, welding lightweight metals like magnesium alloys is very important. Friction stir spot welding joints of 2 mm thick AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets by overlapping two of them were performed utilizing two welding tools having conical and triangular pin at 800, 1200 and 1600 revolution per minute (rpm) tool rotational velocities for each tool to identify the pin shape and rotation speed impact on microstructure and mechanical features of the created joints. The stir zones of the joints contained smaller grains, therefore had higher hardness in comparison to AZ91 base metal, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The lowest hardness values were found in HAZ of the welds. Hardness fell slightly with a rise in rotation speed for both tools because of more heat input. Strength of the joints manufactured applying the triangular pin tool was better because this pin mixed materials better, thus created joints with bigger welding area and greater hardness. The strongest weld was fabricated by applying triangular pin tool and 1600 rpm.

Keywords: AZ91 magnesium alloy; friction stir spot welding; microstructure; strength; welding tool pin shape and rotation speed
Corresponding author: Zulkuf Balalan, Bingöl Üniversitesi, Bingol, Türkiye, E-mail:

About the authors

Omer Ekinci

Dr. Omer Ekinci, born in 1988, achieved his BSc in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey, in 2010. He obtained his MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Systems Management, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, in 2014. He achieved his PhD at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey, in 2021. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey. His research areas include laser welding, solid-state welding processes and materials science.

Zulkuf Balalan

Dr. Zulkuf Balalan, born in 1970, achieved his BSc in the Machine Department, Faculty of Technical Education, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey, in 1996 and his MSc in the same department in 2004. In 2013, he achieved his PhD at the same university. Since 2014, he has been Assistant Professor at Bingol University in Turkey. His research areas include solid-state welding processes, materials science, composite materials, powder metallurgy, and manufacturing techniques.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The authors would like to thank the Bingol University for financial support of Bingol University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BUBAP) under the project of BAP-MMF.2019.00.001.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Published Online: 2023-06-15
Published in Print: 2023-08-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0016
Keywords for this article
AZ91 magnesium alloy; friction stir spot welding; microstructure; strength; welding tool pin shape and rotation speed

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Innovative prevention of stress corrosion crack propagation in nuclear power pipe welds
  3. A new manufacturing process for allogeneic bone plates based on high hydrostatic pressure–treated granules for jaw augmentation
  4. Effects of Mn and Cu on descaling of hot-rolled 304L stainless steel in HCl and H2O2 mixtures
  5. Development of morphology and lattice misfit in modified Ni-base superalloy with Al, Co and Ni additions
  6. Adhesive wear behavior of FeB–FeMn–C coatings produced by GTAW
  7. Approximation of the stiffness of laminate stacks of electric motors subjected to cyclic loads
  8. Microstructure development and mechanical behaviour of pure copper processed by the novel TWO-CAP procedure
  9. Composite disc optimization using hunger games search optimization algorithm
  10. Cheetah optimization algorithm for optimum design of heat exchangers
  11. Influence of Ti and Nb addition on the microstructure, mechanical, and machinability properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy
  12. Effect of impactor nose form on the impact behavior of reinforced composite materials
  13. Optimization of cutting parameters by thrust force and time for drilling of aluminum 2024 T351
  14. Effect of curvature and stacking sequence on flexural strength in glass fiber reinforced composites
  15. Influence of tool pin shape and rotation speed for friction stir spot welding of AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets
  16. Corrigendum to: Mechanical properties and wear-corrosion resistance of a new compound extrusion process for magnesium alloy AZ61
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