Home Tribological and adhesion properties of microwave-assisted borided AISI 316L steel
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Tribological and adhesion properties of microwave-assisted borided AISI 316L steel

  • Safiye İpek Ayvaz

    Dr. Safiye İpek Ayvaz, born in 1988, has an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering since 2011 and achieved her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 2020. Since then, she has been instructor at the Celal Bayar University.

     EMAIL logo     and İbrahim Aydin

    Dr. İbrahim Aydin, born in 1978, has an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering since 2008 and achieved his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 2013. Since then, he has been instructor at the Celal Bayar University.
Published/Copyright: March 9, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 64 Issue 2

Abstract

In this study, AISI 316L stainless steel alloy samples were borided with powder-pack boriding method using Ekabor II powder with the support of a microwave furnace with a power of 2.9 KW and a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Boriding was carried out at 850, 900 and 950 °C temperatures for 2, 4 and 6 h of operation. A distinct diffusion barrier consisting of Fe–Ni–Si elements was detected in borided samples at 950 °C for 4 and 6 h. As a result of the Daimler Benz Rockwell-C adhesion tests, regions with insufficient adhesion strength were detected in these samples. In other samples, adhesion qualities between boride layers and substrate were in the range of HF1–HF3. The lowest specific wear rates were determined as 5.208 (mm3 Nm−1) × 10−6 and 5.210 (mm3 Nm−1) × 10−6 for the samples borided for 6 h at 850 °C and 4 h at 900 °C, respectively. It was determined that the increase in thickness of the brittle FeB compound increased the wear with the three-body abrasive wear mechanism.

Keywords: AISI 316L; boriding; Fe2B; microwave heating; wear testing
Corresponding author: Safiye İpek Ayvaz, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, E-mail:

About the authors

Safiye İpek Ayvaz

Dr. Safiye İpek Ayvaz, born in 1988, has an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering since 2011 and achieved her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 2020. Since then, she has been instructor at the Celal Bayar University.

İbrahim Aydin

Dr. İbrahim Aydin, born in 1978, has an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering since 2008 and achieved his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 2013. Since then, he has been instructor at the Celal Bayar University.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

[1] S. İpekAyvaz and I. Aydın, “Effect of the microwave heating on diffusion kinetics and mechanical properties of borides in AISI 316L,” Trans. Indian Inst. Met., vol. 73, no. 10, pp. 2635–2644, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-02072-x.Search in Google Scholar

[2] S. İpekAyvaz, “Investigation of effect of microwave heating on boriding kinetics of the biomedical 316L alloy and characterization of the boride layer,” PhD Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, ManisaCelal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye, 2020.Search in Google Scholar

[3] P. Topuz, E. Yılmaz, and E. Gündoğdu, “The fracture toughness of Fe2B formed on boronized AISI 304,” Mater. Test., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 690–693, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110621.Search in Google Scholar

[4] P. Topuz, E. Yılmaz, and E. Gündoğdu, “Kinetic Investigations of boronized cold work tool steels,” Mater. Test., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 104–110, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110531.Search in Google Scholar

[5] I. Campos-Silva, S. Bernabe-Molina, D. Bravo-Barcenas, J. Martinez-Trinidad, G. Rodriguez-Castro, and A. Meneses-Amador, “Improving the adhesion resistance of the boride coatings to AISI 316L steel substrate by diffusion annealing,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 25, pp. 3852–3862, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2201-6.Search in Google Scholar

[6] M. Kheyrodin, A. Habibolahzadeh, and S. B. Mousavi, “Wear and corrosion behaviors of duplex surface treated 316L austenitic stainless steel via combination of boriding and chromizing,” Protect. Met. Phys. Chem. Surface, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 105–111, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205117010117.Search in Google Scholar

[7] A. Günen, Y. Küçük, Y. Er, V. V. Çay, M. Öge, and M. S. Gök, “Effect of the powder particle size on the wear behavior of boronized AISI 304 stainless steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 468–473, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110732.Search in Google Scholar

[8] M. Khenifer, O. Allaoui, and M. B. Taoti, “Effect of boronizing on the oxidation resistance of 316L stainless steel,” Acta Phys. Pol. A, vol. 132, pp. 518–520, 2017.10.12693/APhysPolA.132.518Search in Google Scholar

[9] M. Kulka, D. Mikolajczak, N. Makuch, P. Dziarski, and A. Miklaszewski, “Wear resistance improvement of austenitic 316L steel by laser alloying with boron,” Surf. Coating. Technol., vol. 291, pp. 292–313, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.02.058.Search in Google Scholar

[10] R. A. García-León, J. Martínez-Trinidad, I. Campos-Silva, U. Figueroa-López, and A. Guevara-Morales, “Wear maps of borided AISI 316L steel under ball-on-flat dry sliding conditions,” Mater. Lett., vol. 282, p. e128842, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128842.Search in Google Scholar

[11] C. D. Resendiz-Calderon, G. A. Rodriguez-Castro, A. Meneses-Amador, et al.., “Micro-abrasion wear resistance of borided 316L stainless steel and AISI 1018 steel,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 16, pp. 5599–5609, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-3004-0.Search in Google Scholar

[12] R. A. García-Léon, J. Martínez-Trinidad, I. Campos-Silva, and W. Wong-Angel, “Mechanical characterization of the AISI 316L alloy exposed to boriding process,” Revista DYNA, vol. 87, no. 213, pp. 34–41, 2020, https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n213.82924.Search in Google Scholar

[13] M. Ayvaz, “Characterization and tribological properties of novel AlCu4.5SiMg alloy–(B4C/TiO2/nGr) quaternary hybrid composites sintered via microwave,” Met. Mater. Int., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00894-4.Search in Google Scholar

[14] N. Vidakis, A. Antoniadis, and N. Bilalis, “The VDI 3198 indentation test evaluation of a reliable qualitative control for layered compounds,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 143, no. 144, pp. 481–485, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00300-5.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-On-Disk Apparatus, ASTM G99-17, 2017. Available at: https://www.astm.org/Standards/G99.Search in Google Scholar

[16] Y. Kayalı, B. Gokce, E. Mertgenc, F. Colak, and R. Kara, “Analysis of wear behaviour of borided AISI 52100 steel with the taguchi method,” J. Balkan Tribol. Assoc., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 365–376, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[17] Y. Kayali, A. Büyüksağiş, and Y. Yalçin, “Corrosion and wear behaviors of boronized AISI 316L stainless steel,” Met. Mater. Int., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1053–1061, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-013-5019-x.Search in Google Scholar

[18] B. Gokce, “Analysis of wear behaviours of borided 440C steels by using Taguchi method,” J. Balkan Tribol. Assoc., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 831–841, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

[19] I. Gunes, M. Keddam, R. Chegroune, and M. Ozcatal, “Growth kinetics of boride layers formed on 99.0% purity nickel,” Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1113–1118, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-015-0931-y.Search in Google Scholar

[20] D. N. Tsipas and J. Rus, “Boronizing of alloy steels,” J. Mater. Sci. Lett., vol. 6, pp. 118–120, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01729451.Search in Google Scholar

[21] M. Carbucicchio and G. Palombarini, “Effects of alloying elements on the growth of iron boride coatings,” J. Mater. Sci. Lett., vol. 6, pp. 1147–1149, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01729165.Search in Google Scholar

[22] Y. Azakli, S. Cengiz, M. Tarakci, and Y. Gencer, “Characterisation of boride layer formed on Fe–Mo binary alloys,” Surf. Eng., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 589–595, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2016.1148322.Search in Google Scholar

[23] A. A. Joshi and S. S. Hosmani, “Pack-boronizing of AISI 4140 steel: boronizing mechanism and the role of container design,” Mater. Manuf. Process., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1062–1072, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.921705.Search in Google Scholar

[24] F. E. Şeşen, Ö. S. Özgen, and M. K. Şeşen, “A study on boronizing kinetics of an ınterstitial-free steel,” Mater. Perform. Char., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 492–509, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1520/MPC20160090.Search in Google Scholar

[25] C. H. Xu, J. K. Xi, and W. Gao, “Improving the mechanical properties of boronized. layers by superplastic boronizing,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 65, pp. 94–98, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(95)02247-3.Search in Google Scholar

[26] M. Keddam, M. Ortiz-Dominguez, M. Elias-Espinosa, et al.., “Growth kinetics of the Fe2B coating on AISI H13 steel,” Trans. Indian Inst. Met., vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 433–442, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-014-0472-x.Search in Google Scholar

[27] U. Sena, S. Sena, and F. Yilmaz, “Effect of copper on boride layer of boronized ductile cast irons,” Vacuum, vol. 72, pp. 199–204, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(03)00127-1.Search in Google Scholar

[28] K. Genel, “Boriding kinetics of H13 steel,” Vacuum, vol. 80, pp. 451–457, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.07.013.Search in Google Scholar

[29] I. Campos-Silva, O. Franco-Raudales, J. A. Meda-Campaña, F. P. Espino-Cortés, and J. C. Acosta-Pavón, “Growth kinetics of CoB–Co2B layers using the powder-pack boriding process assisted by a direct current field,” High Temp. Mater. Process., vol. 38, pp. 158–167, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2018-0013.Search in Google Scholar

[30] H. Nakajima, “The discovery and acceptance of the Kirkendall effect: the result of a short research career,” J. Mater., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 15–19, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02914706.Search in Google Scholar

[31] G. Castro-Rodriguez, I. Campos-Silva, J. Martinez-Trinidad, U. Figueroa-Lopez, D. Melendez-Morales, and J. Vargas-Hernandez, “Effect of boriding on the mechanical properties of AISI 1045 steel,” Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 65, pp. 63–68, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.65.63.Search in Google Scholar

[32] A. Günen, M. S. Gök, A. Erdoğan, B. Kurt, and N. Orhan, “Investigation of microabrasion wear behavior of boronized stainless steel with nanoboron powders,” Tribol. Trans., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 400–409, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2012.756566.Search in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2022-03-09
Published in Print: 2022-02-23

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Utilisation of the X-ray emission of an electron beam capillary for visualisation of the beam-material interaction
  3. Effect of Re and Ru additions on morphology and long-term stability of gamma prime particles in new modified superalloys prepared by a vacuum arc melting process
  4. Microstructure and fatigue performance of Cu-based M7C3-reinforced composites
  5. Influence of peroxide cross-linking temperature and time on mechanical, physical and thermal properties of polyethylene
  6. Fatigue behavior of bolted boreholes under various preloads
  7. Application of machine vision-based NDT technology in ceramic surface defect detection – a review
  8. An approach for obtaining surface residual stress based on indentation test and strain measurement
  9. Adhesive wear behavior of gas tungsten arc welded FeB-FeMo-C coatings
  10. Structural design optimization of the arc spring and dual-mass flywheel integrated with different optimization methods
  11. Tribological and adhesion properties of microwave-assisted borided AISI 316L steel
  12. Mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured carbon steel cylindrical component made by cold metal transferred arc welding process
  13. Improvement of the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyurethane adhesives with nanoparticles and their application to Al/Al honeycomb sandwich panels
  14. Mechanical behavior of a friction welded AA6013/AA7075 beam
  15. Effects of carbon nanotubes on mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composite under static loading
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2031
Keywords for this article
AISI 316L; boriding; Fe2B; microwave heating; wear testing

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Utilisation of the X-ray emission of an electron beam capillary for visualisation of the beam-material interaction
  3. Effect of Re and Ru additions on morphology and long-term stability of gamma prime particles in new modified superalloys prepared by a vacuum arc melting process
  4. Microstructure and fatigue performance of Cu-based M7C3-reinforced composites
  5. Influence of peroxide cross-linking temperature and time on mechanical, physical and thermal properties of polyethylene
  6. Fatigue behavior of bolted boreholes under various preloads
  7. Application of machine vision-based NDT technology in ceramic surface defect detection – a review
  8. An approach for obtaining surface residual stress based on indentation test and strain measurement
  9. Adhesive wear behavior of gas tungsten arc welded FeB-FeMo-C coatings
  10. Structural design optimization of the arc spring and dual-mass flywheel integrated with different optimization methods
  11. Tribological and adhesion properties of microwave-assisted borided AISI 316L steel
  12. Mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured carbon steel cylindrical component made by cold metal transferred arc welding process
  13. Improvement of the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyurethane adhesives with nanoparticles and their application to Al/Al honeycomb sandwich panels
  14. Mechanical behavior of a friction welded AA6013/AA7075 beam
  15. Effects of carbon nanotubes on mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composite under static loading
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 11.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2021-2031/html
Scroll to top button