Home Medicine Erratum to: Gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of IGF-1 and leptin in cord blood
Article Open Access

Erratum to: Gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of IGF-1 and leptin in cord blood

This erratum corrects the original online version which can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2024-0379
  • EMAIL logo , , , , , and
Published/Copyright: March 2, 2026
Download Article (PDF)
Journal of Perinatal Medicine
From the journal Journal of Perinatal Medicine Volume 54 Issue 3

Erratum to: Alexandra Krause, Karl Otfried Schwab, Julia Trost, Martine Thill, Mirjam Kunze, Jochen Seufert and Roland Hentschel. Gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of IGF-1 and leptin in cord blood. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2025; 53(7): 937–944 (https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2024-0379).

The original version of the article contained typographical errors in the presentation of the study results in Tables 1, 3, and 4. Due to a technical error in typesetting, statistically significant results were incorrectly separated by commas, making it unclear to which study groups the results belonged. The tables have been corrected to ensure accurate and unambiguous presentation of the data.

Table 1:

Anthropometric and demographic data of mothers and infants. Figures are given for the four subgroups.

n=127 GDM-non-LGA (n=57) GDM-LGA (n=6) Fetal macrosomia (n=17) Control (n=47)
% Mean SD Range % Mean SD Range % Mean SD Range % Mean SD Range
Mother
Age 32.3 5.6 19–44 30.3 6.9 24–41 32.4 4.6 25–43 31.6 4.4 22–42
Height, m 1.65 0.06 1.54–1.76 1.70 0.07 1.59–1.80 1.70 0.06 1.60–1.87 1.66 0.06 1.53–1.77
Weight (beginning of preg.; kg) 71.7 gc 17.2 51–150 83.0 ge 12.6 64–97 77.8 gf 22.4 50–130 61.9 gcef 7.5 49–80
BMI (beginning of preg.; kg/m2) 26.3 hc 5.7 18.3–49 28.9 ge 4.3 22.7–34 26.7 6.5 18.4–38.6 22.4 hc, ge 2.5 18.4–31.4
Weight (end of preg.; kg) 84.0 ga 16.5 60–158 100.7 gae 10.7 84–112 93.9 gf 20.8 72–156 76.7 gef 7.7 61–94
Weight gain (during preg.; kg) 12.3 5.8 −3 to 25 17.7 11.2 1–31 16.1 7.8 −1 to 32 14.8 4.8 0–24
Positive family history for DM, % 43.9 83.3 ge 29.4 29.8 ge
State after GDM, % 22.8 hc 50.0 gd, he 5.9 gd 0 hce
Newborn
Gestational age, weeks 38.9 gb 1.1 37 - 41.1 39.60 0.6 38.7–40.1 39.96 gb 1.0 37.7–41.3 39.53 1.2 37.7–41.6
Birth weight, g 3,262 ga, hb 389 2,265–3,925 4,033 gae 155 3,800–4,245 4,342 hbf 212 4,040–4,810 3,326 ge, hf 361 2,405–3,960
Birth length, cm 51.8 hb 2.3 48–56 54.3 2.4 52–58 55.6 hbf 1.9 52–59 51.7 hf 2.4 46–57
Head circumference, cm 34.5 hb 1.5 30–38 35.5 1.0 34–37 36.8 hbf 1.3 34.5–39 34.8 hf 1.5 32–38
Abdominal circumference, cm 31.4 ga, hb 1.9 25.5–37 35.2 gae 1.9 32–37 34.7 hbf 1.7 32.0–37.5 31.1 ge, hf 1.6 27–34
Sex (female), % 33.3 50 41.2 48.9
Elective caesarean section, % 31.6 ga 83.3 gade 23.5 gd 27.7 ge
Blood glucose level ≤45 mg/dL, % 24.6 gc 50.0 ge 23.5 gf 2.1 gcef

  1. aGDM-non-LGA vs. GDM-LGA. bGDM-non-LGA vs. FM. cGDM-non-LGA vs. C. dGDM-LGA vs. FM. eGDM-LGA vs. C. fFM vs. C. gp<0.05. hp<0.001. SD, standard deviation; preg., pregnancy; BMI, body-mass-index; DM, diabetes mellitus; gestational age refers to time of birth.

Table 3:

Markers of diabetes in cord blood in the three main study groups.

n=127 GDM total (n=63) Fetal macrosomia (n=17) Control (n=47)
Mean Median SD Range Mean Median SD Range Mean Median SD Range
IGF-1, ng/mL 71.7 db 71 26.9 25–156 98.3 dbc 97 23.0 57–151 69.0 dc 74 24.5 18–131
Insulin, pmol/L 67.1 49.5 69.9 7–398 58.2 54 33.1 15–141 55.6 45 39.5 8–222
Leptin, ng/mL 9.4 eb 6.7 10.8 0.7–63.3 14.9 dc, eb 14 5.3 3.3–26.7 9.0 dc 7.8 5.4 1.1–28.9
RBP4, mg/L 18.9 18 5.5 12–33 22.0 20 6.6 13–39 19.1 19 4.7 11–29
Fructosamine, µmol/L 196.1 199 19.1 150–242 190.5 190 18.0 157–232 190.2 192 21.2 144–251

  1. aGDM vs. control (C). bGDM vs. fetal macrosomia (FM). cFetal macrosomia (FM) vs. control (C). dp<0.05. ep<0.001. Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used. GDM group: mothers with proven gestational diabetes based on pathological OGTT and their newborns regardless of birthweight; FM group: mothers with negative OGTT and their newborns with birthweight >90th percentile; C group: mothers with negative OGTT and their healthy appropriate-for-gestational age newborns (AGA) including three small-for-gestational age newborns.

Table 4:

Markers of diabetes in cord blood in FM and control group vs. GDM group with its two subgroups LGA and non LGA.

n=127 GDM-non-LGA (n=57) GDM-LGA (n=6) Fetal macrosomia (n=17) Control (47)
Mean Median SD Range Mean Median SD Range Mean Median SD Range Mean Median SD Range
IGF-1, ng/mL 67.0 ga, hb 70.0 21.5 25–109 116.0 gae 120.0 34.0 76–156 98.3 hb, gf 97.0 23.0 57–151 69.0 gef 74.0 24.5 18–131
Insulin, pmol/L 60.2 48.0 62.2 7–398 132.0 109.0 106.9 24–320 58.2 54.0 33.1 15–141 55.6 45.0 39.5 8–222
Leptin, ng/mL 7.5 hb 6.1 5.1 0.7–26.3 27.0 14.9 27.0 4.2–63.3 14.9 hb, gf 14.0 5.3 3.3–26.7 9.0 gf 7.8 5.4 1.1–28.9
RBP4, mg/L 18.9 18.0 5.3 12–33 19.3 18.0 7.2 12–33 22.0 20.0 6.6 13–39 19.1 19.0 4.7 11–29
Fructosamine, µmol/L 197.1 199.0 18.0 158–242 186.8 188.5 27.7 150–223 190.5 190.0 18.0 157–232 190.2 192.0 21.2 144–251

  1. aGDM-non-LGA vs. GDM-LGA. bGDM-non-LGA vs. FM. cGDM-non-LGA vs. C. dGDM-LGA vs. FM. eGDM-LGA vs. C. fFM vs. C. gp<0.05. hp<0.001. Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used. GDM-non-LGA subgroup: women mothers with gestational diabetes based on pathological OGTT and their non-LGA newborns including five small-for-gestational age newborns; GDM-LGA subgroup: women mothers with gestational diabetes based on pathological OGTT and their newborns with birthweight >90th percentile large-for-gestational age newborns (LGA); FM group: mothers with negative OGTT and their newborns with birthweight >90th percentile; C group: mothers with negative OGTT and their healthy appropriate-for-gestational age newborns (AGA) including three small-for-gestational age newborns.

In Table 1, a typographical error was identified in the fetal macrosomia group: the p-value for mean birth weight should read p<0.001 instead of p<0.05.

In addition, Table 4 was incorrectly displayed. The mean values of the control group were erroneously presented under the fetal macrosomia group, and the mean values of the fetal macrosomia group were erroneously presented under the GDM-LGA group. The corrected version of Table 4 is shown below. The journal regrets these errors and any inconvenience or confusion they may have caused.

Corresponding author: Alexandra Krause, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Division of Endocrinology/Diabetology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and Kinderarzthaus Aarau, Bahnhofplatz 4, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland, E-mail:
Published Online: 2026-03-02
Published in Print: 2026-03-26

© 2026 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Immunoediting in pregnancy: a new paradigm for understanding fetal tolerance and obstetric disease
  4. Virtual fetal holography for parental counseling and education: applications, limitations, and future directions
  5. Original Articles – Obstetrics
  6. RNA biomarkers in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: systematic review
  7. Second pregnancy vaginal birth after cesarean- impact of maternal age on outcomes from a retrospective cohort study
  8. Analysis of changes in serum VEGF, β-hCG, and sFlt-1 levels in women with placenta accreta spectrum and the impact on prognosis
  9. The adjunctive role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in risk stratification for clinical chorioamnionitis in term pregnancies with meconium-stained amniotic fluid
  10. Clinical utility of chromosomal microarray and whole exome sequencing in evaluating genetic causes for pregnancy loss using products of conception specimens
  11. The association of antiphospholipid syndrome under medical treatment with adverse pregnancy outcomes
  12. Effects of virtual reality on fear of birth, length of labor, and fetal well-being: a randomized controlled trial
  13. Antenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis in women with increased sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the clinical routine – A retrospective analysis
  14. Early unfavorable outcomes of second-trimester selective feticide for complicated monochorionic twins: single-operator experiences
  15. Original Articles – Fetus
  16. Maternal circulating sFlt-1/placental growth factor is a biomarker of fetal death associated with placental lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion
  17. Intra-partum and perinatal outcomes in fetuses exhibiting ZigZag pattern on cardiotocography trace: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  18. Assessment of fetal adrenal gland and thymothoracic ratio in preterm premature membrane rupture: a prospective case-control study
  19. Fetal brain in fetal growth restriction: alterations in cortical morphometry and volume
  20. Diagnostic yield of post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging for cardiac anomalies in fetal and perinatal deaths: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  21. Original Articles – Neonates
  22. Risk factors and analysis of retinopathy of prematurity in monochorionic diamniotic twins
  23. Association between FAR, PAR, APRI and adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis
  24. Incidence and predictors of high vitamin D in premature infants with very low birth weight
  25. Urinary immune biomarkers for late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight neonates – a diagnostic accuracy study
  26. Letters to the Editor
  27. Histological chorioamnionitis and maternal inflammatory biomarkers: implications beyond clinical diagnosis
  28. Response to Letter to the Editor
  29. Erratum
  30. Erratum to: Gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of IGF-1 and leptin in cord blood
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2026-0080
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Immunoediting in pregnancy: a new paradigm for understanding fetal tolerance and obstetric disease
  4. Virtual fetal holography for parental counseling and education: applications, limitations, and future directions
  5. Original Articles – Obstetrics
  6. RNA biomarkers in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: systematic review
  7. Second pregnancy vaginal birth after cesarean- impact of maternal age on outcomes from a retrospective cohort study
  8. Analysis of changes in serum VEGF, β-hCG, and sFlt-1 levels in women with placenta accreta spectrum and the impact on prognosis
  9. The adjunctive role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in risk stratification for clinical chorioamnionitis in term pregnancies with meconium-stained amniotic fluid
  10. Clinical utility of chromosomal microarray and whole exome sequencing in evaluating genetic causes for pregnancy loss using products of conception specimens
  11. The association of antiphospholipid syndrome under medical treatment with adverse pregnancy outcomes
  12. Effects of virtual reality on fear of birth, length of labor, and fetal well-being: a randomized controlled trial
  13. Antenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis in women with increased sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the clinical routine – A retrospective analysis
  14. Early unfavorable outcomes of second-trimester selective feticide for complicated monochorionic twins: single-operator experiences
  15. Original Articles – Fetus
  16. Maternal circulating sFlt-1/placental growth factor is a biomarker of fetal death associated with placental lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion
  17. Intra-partum and perinatal outcomes in fetuses exhibiting ZigZag pattern on cardiotocography trace: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  18. Assessment of fetal adrenal gland and thymothoracic ratio in preterm premature membrane rupture: a prospective case-control study
  19. Fetal brain in fetal growth restriction: alterations in cortical morphometry and volume
  20. Diagnostic yield of post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging for cardiac anomalies in fetal and perinatal deaths: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  21. Original Articles – Neonates
  22. Risk factors and analysis of retinopathy of prematurity in monochorionic diamniotic twins
  23. Association between FAR, PAR, APRI and adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis
  24. Incidence and predictors of high vitamin D in premature infants with very low birth weight
  25. Urinary immune biomarkers for late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight neonates – a diagnostic accuracy study
  26. Letters to the Editor
  27. Histological chorioamnionitis and maternal inflammatory biomarkers: implications beyond clinical diagnosis
  28. Response to Letter to the Editor
  29. Erratum
  30. Erratum to: Gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of IGF-1 and leptin in cord blood
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Winner of the OpenAthens UX Award 2026
Winner of the OpenAthens UX Award 2026
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 30.3.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jpm-2026-0080/html
Scroll to top button