Pregnancy outcomes with differences in grain consumption: a randomized controlled trial
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Pamella Yamada
Abstract
Objectives
Contemporary obstetrics has begun to appreciate the importance of diet in pregnancy, but guidelines are not based on robust data. The hypothesis that a whole grains diet improves pregnancy outcomes is tested in this study. We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes for a pregnancy diet containing 75% of total carbohydrates as refined grains with outcomes for a diet with 75% of total carbohydrates as whole grains.
Methods
This was a randomized interventional study in a clinic population over the last 4–7 months of normal pregnancy with extensive compliance measures. Besides obstetrical and neonatal outcomes, anthropometric measurements were done. In addition to food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), total plasma alkyl resorcinols, a unique quantitative measure of whole grains, were used as a measure of whole grain consumption.
Results
The data show effective compliance and no difference in outcomes between the diets with regard to maternal weight gain, birth weights, subcutaneous fat and glucose tolerance.
Conclusions
Ensuring compliance to a proper pregnancy diet resulted in satisfactory weight gain and normal outcomes even when the proportion of whole grains consumed is only 25% of total carbohydrates.
Funding source: Grain Foods Foundation
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Sylvia Klinger RD, MS, LN of Hispanic Food Communications, Inc. for her assistance in developing the appropriate diets used in this study.
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Research funding: Grain Foods Foundation provided the funds for this study. The foundation did not contribute to the design, performance, interpretation or writing the manuscript for this study.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: Bruce K. Young is a member of the scientific advisory board of the Grain Foods Foundation and receives compensation from the foundation. None of the other authors disclosed any conflicts of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Ethical approval: The research related to human use has complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board, or equivalent committee (New York University Langone Health Institutional Review Board, study #i17-00694).
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- WAPM Guideline
- The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation
- Corner of Academy
- Chorioamnionitis has no impact on immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of the late preterm delivery regardless of the membrane status
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
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- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal umbilical vein flow and cardiac function: a prospective study
- One year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: perinatal outcome and data on the transmission of 116 pregnant women
- Adverse perinatal outcomes of chlamydia infections: an ongoing challenge
- Pregnancy outcomes with differences in grain consumption: a randomized controlled trial
- Who needs prenatal counselling with a pediatric surgeon? Experience from a large tertiary care university hospital
- To evaluate the role of placental human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective case control study
- Placental characteristics of selective intrauterine growth restriction with changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow in monochorionic diamniotic twins
- Association between cesarean section rate and maternal age in twin pregnancies
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with delivery techniques for impacted fetal head at cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Experience with direct oral anticoagulants in pregnancy – a systematic review
- Nasal bone in fetal aneuploidy risk assessment: are they independent markers in the first and second trimesters?
- Effects of music on sleep quality and comfort levels of pregnant women
- Original Articles – Fetus
- Rarity of fetal cells in exocervical samples for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial
- Perinatal factors associated with admission to neonatal intensive care unit following cesarean delivery in Kano, northern Nigeria
- Letter to the Editor
- Intrapartal fetal decapitation after shoulder dystocia – a forensically acceptable or unacceptable complication?
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- WAPM Guideline
- The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation
- Corner of Academy
- Chorioamnionitis has no impact on immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of the late preterm delivery regardless of the membrane status
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- Comparison of cardiac morphology and function in small for gestational age fetuses and fetuses with late-onset fetal growth retardation
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal umbilical vein flow and cardiac function: a prospective study
- One year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: perinatal outcome and data on the transmission of 116 pregnant women
- Adverse perinatal outcomes of chlamydia infections: an ongoing challenge
- Pregnancy outcomes with differences in grain consumption: a randomized controlled trial
- Who needs prenatal counselling with a pediatric surgeon? Experience from a large tertiary care university hospital
- To evaluate the role of placental human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective case control study
- Placental characteristics of selective intrauterine growth restriction with changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow in monochorionic diamniotic twins
- Association between cesarean section rate and maternal age in twin pregnancies
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with delivery techniques for impacted fetal head at cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Experience with direct oral anticoagulants in pregnancy – a systematic review
- Nasal bone in fetal aneuploidy risk assessment: are they independent markers in the first and second trimesters?
- Effects of music on sleep quality and comfort levels of pregnant women
- Original Articles – Fetus
- Rarity of fetal cells in exocervical samples for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial
- Perinatal factors associated with admission to neonatal intensive care unit following cesarean delivery in Kano, northern Nigeria
- Letter to the Editor
- Intrapartal fetal decapitation after shoulder dystocia – a forensically acceptable or unacceptable complication?
