Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial
-
Qiong Le
Abstract
Objectives
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral stimulation with breast milk for preterm infants.
Methods
A total of 68 subjects form neonatal intensive care unit were randomly assigned into control group (n=20), premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) group (n=25) and premature infant oral motor intervention with breast milk (BM-PIOMI) group (n=23).
Results
BM-PIOMI group had significant shorter initiation of oral feeding (IOF) time compared to PIOMI group (2.95 days, 95% CI [0.42–5.48]) or control group (9.79 days, 95% CI [7.07–12.51]). BM-PIOMI group had significant sooner transition time from IOF to full oral feeding (FOF) compared to control group (6.68 days, 95% CI [2.2–11.16]), but not to PIOMI group (2.09 days, 95% CI [−2.07 to 6.25]). Length of hospital stay (LOS) did not show statistical different between three groups (control 38.85 ± 14.40 vs. PIOMI 38.48 ± 11.76 vs. BM-PIOMI 38.04 ± 12.2). Growth mixture model identified improvement in non-nutritive sucking (NNS) score in BM-PIOMI group compared to control and PIOMI group (0.8293, p<0.0001, and 0.8296, p<0.0001, respectively).
Conclusions
Oral stimulation with breast milk can better promotes the oral feeding process of premature infants than the simple oral stimulation, by shorten IOF time and improve early NNS score, but does not shorten transition time from IOF to FOF and LOS.
Acknowledgments
We appreciate the efforts of all colleagues of NICU of union Hospital for their support and participation. We acknowledge Shaokang Zhan, PhD, and Huiting Tang, MN, who contributed to the study design and data analysis. We also thank Chantal Lau, PhD, for her critical review of the article.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all guardians of infants.
-
Ethical approval: The research related to human use has complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the author’s Institutional Review Board (Institutional Review Board of Union Hospital of the Tongji Medical College, 2018S245).
-
Trial registration: The trial identification number is ChiCTR1800019134 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry http://www.who.int/ictrp/network/chictr2/en/).
References
1. WHO. Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth. Geneva: World Health Organisation;2012, vol 380:1713 p.10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61970-9Search in Google Scholar
2. Bingham, PM, Taka, A, Soraya, A. Prospective study of non-nutritive sucking and feeding skills in premature infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2010;95:194–200. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.164186.Search in Google Scholar
3. Boiron, M, Da-Nobrega, L, Roux, S, Henrot, A, Saliba, E. Effects of oral stimulation and oral support on non-nutritive sucking and feeding performance in preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010;49:439–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00439.x.Search in Google Scholar
4. Boardman, JP. Preterm birth: causes, consequences and prevention. J Obstet Gynaecol 2009;28:559. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610802243047.Search in Google Scholar
5. Mccain, GC, Gartside, PS, Greenberg, JM, Lott, JW. A feeding protocol for healthy preterm infants that shortens time to oral feeding. J Pediatr 2001;139:374–9. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.117077.Search in Google Scholar
6. Fetus AAoPCo Newborn. Hospital discharge of the high-risk neonate. Pediatrics 2008;122:1119–26.10.1542/peds.2008-2174Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Sandra, F, Erika, G, Chantal, L. Oral stimulation accelerates the transition from tube to oral feeding in preterm infants. J Pediatr 2002;141:230–6.10.1067/mpd.2002.125731Search in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Fucile, S, Gisel, EG, Lau, C. Effect of an oral stimulation program on sucking skill maturation of preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010;47:158–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0012162205000290.Search in Google Scholar
9. Sandra, F, Gisel, EG, Mcfarland, DH, Chantal, L. Oral and non-oral sensorimotor interventions enhance oral feeding performance in preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011;53:829–35.10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04023.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
10. Beckman, D. Oral motor assessment and intervention [Internet]. Available from: http://wwwbeckmanoralmotorcom/abouthtml [Accessed 10 Feb 2011].Search in Google Scholar
11. Lessen, BS. Effect of the premature infant oral motor intervention on feeding progression and length of stay in preterm infants. Adv Neonatal Care 2011;11:129–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/anc.0b013e3182115a2a.Search in Google Scholar
12. Hanson, LA, Marina, K. The role of breastfeeding in prevention of neonatal infection. Semin Neonatol 2002;7:275–81. https://doi.org/10.1053/siny.2002.0124.Search in Google Scholar
13. Nasuf, AW, Ojha, S, Dorling, J. Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.10.1002/14651858.CD011921Search in Google Scholar
14. Nutrition Professional Committee of Neonatological Doctors Branch of Chinese Medical Association B-fGoCHPCoCMA, Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. Recommendations on implementing breast-feeding for premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit. Chin J Pediatr 2016;54:13–6.Search in Google Scholar
15. Jobe, AH, Bancalari, E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1723–9. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2011060.Search in Google Scholar
16. Higgins, RD, Jobe, AH, Koso-Thomas, M, Bancalari, E, Viscardi, RM, Hartert, TV, et al.. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: executive summary of a workshop. J Pediatr 2018;197:300–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.043.Search in Google Scholar
17. Neiva, FCB, Leone, C, Leone, CR. Non-nutritive sucking scoring system for preterm newborns. Acta Paediatr 2009;97:1370–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00943.x.Search in Google Scholar
18. Lau, C, Smith, EO. A novel approach to assess oral feeding skills of preterm infants. Neonatology 2011;100:64–70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000321987.Search in Google Scholar
19. Macmullen, NJ, Dulski, LA. Factors related to sucking ability in healthy newborns. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2010;29:390–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2000.tb02061.x.Search in Google Scholar
20. Premji, SS, Mcneil, DJ. Regional neonatal oral feeding protocol: changing the ethos of feeding preterm infants. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2004;18:371–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200410000-00008.Search in Google Scholar
21. Mennella, JA, Jagnow, CP, Beauchamp, GK. Prenatal and postnatal flavor learning by human infants. Pediatrics 2001;107:E88. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.6.e88.Search in Google Scholar
22. Aynur, Y, Duygu, A, Sebahat, GZ, Ayhan, TTN, Ilknur, B. The effect of the odor of breast milk on the time needed for transition from gavage to total oral feeding in preterm infants. J Nurs Scholarsh 2011;43:265–73.Search in Google Scholar
23. Varendi, H, Porter, RH. Breast odour as the only maternal stimulus elicits crawling towards the odour source. Acta Paediatr 2010;90:372–5.10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00434.xSearch in Google Scholar
24. Rodriguez, NA, Meier, PP, Groer, MW, Zeller, JM. Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum to extremely low birth weight infants: theoretical perspectives. J Perinatol 2009;29:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2008.130.Search in Google Scholar
25. Amaizu, N, Rj, S, Rj, S, Lau, C. Maturation of oral feeding skills in preterm infants. Acta Peadiatr 2010;97:61–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00548.x.Search in Google Scholar
26. Cunha, M, Barreiros, J, Gonçalves, I, Figueiredo, H. Nutritive sucking pattern—from very low birth weight preterm to term newborn. Early Hum Dev 2009;85:125–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.07.003.Search in Google Scholar
27. Lau, C, Alagugurusamy, R, Schanler, RJ, Smith, EO, Shulman, RJ. Characterization of the developmental stages of sucking in preterm infants during bottle feeding. Acta Paediatr 2010;89:846–52.10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00393.xSearch in Google Scholar
28. Xu, T, Li-Juan, Y, Lei, Z, Jian-Guo, Z, Li, M, Yang-Xiang, O, et al.. Oral motor intervention improved the oral feeding in preterm infants: evidence based on a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Medicine 2015;94:e1310.10.1097/MD.0000000000001310Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0282).
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- WAPM Guideline
- The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation
- Corner of Academy
- Chorioamnionitis has no impact on immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of the late preterm delivery regardless of the membrane status
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- Comparison of cardiac morphology and function in small for gestational age fetuses and fetuses with late-onset fetal growth retardation
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal umbilical vein flow and cardiac function: a prospective study
- One year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: perinatal outcome and data on the transmission of 116 pregnant women
- Adverse perinatal outcomes of chlamydia infections: an ongoing challenge
- Pregnancy outcomes with differences in grain consumption: a randomized controlled trial
- Who needs prenatal counselling with a pediatric surgeon? Experience from a large tertiary care university hospital
- To evaluate the role of placental human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective case control study
- Placental characteristics of selective intrauterine growth restriction with changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow in monochorionic diamniotic twins
- Association between cesarean section rate and maternal age in twin pregnancies
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with delivery techniques for impacted fetal head at cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Experience with direct oral anticoagulants in pregnancy – a systematic review
- Nasal bone in fetal aneuploidy risk assessment: are they independent markers in the first and second trimesters?
- Effects of music on sleep quality and comfort levels of pregnant women
- Original Articles – Fetus
- Rarity of fetal cells in exocervical samples for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial
- Perinatal factors associated with admission to neonatal intensive care unit following cesarean delivery in Kano, northern Nigeria
- Letter to the Editor
- Intrapartal fetal decapitation after shoulder dystocia – a forensically acceptable or unacceptable complication?
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- WAPM Guideline
- The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation
- Corner of Academy
- Chorioamnionitis has no impact on immunohistochemical expression of IL-6 in placental membranes of the late preterm delivery regardless of the membrane status
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- Comparison of cardiac morphology and function in small for gestational age fetuses and fetuses with late-onset fetal growth retardation
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal umbilical vein flow and cardiac function: a prospective study
- One year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: perinatal outcome and data on the transmission of 116 pregnant women
- Adverse perinatal outcomes of chlamydia infections: an ongoing challenge
- Pregnancy outcomes with differences in grain consumption: a randomized controlled trial
- Who needs prenatal counselling with a pediatric surgeon? Experience from a large tertiary care university hospital
- To evaluate the role of placental human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth: a prospective case control study
- Placental characteristics of selective intrauterine growth restriction with changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow in monochorionic diamniotic twins
- Association between cesarean section rate and maternal age in twin pregnancies
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with delivery techniques for impacted fetal head at cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Experience with direct oral anticoagulants in pregnancy – a systematic review
- Nasal bone in fetal aneuploidy risk assessment: are they independent markers in the first and second trimesters?
- Effects of music on sleep quality and comfort levels of pregnant women
- Original Articles – Fetus
- Rarity of fetal cells in exocervical samples for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial
- Perinatal factors associated with admission to neonatal intensive care unit following cesarean delivery in Kano, northern Nigeria
- Letter to the Editor
- Intrapartal fetal decapitation after shoulder dystocia – a forensically acceptable or unacceptable complication?
