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Incidences of newly diagnosed childhood diabetes and onset severity: a multicenter regional study in Thailand over two decades and during the COVID-19 pandemic

  • Pattharaporn Sinthuprasith , Karn Wejaphikul ORCID logo , Dolrutai Puttawong , Hataitip Tang-Ngam , Naphatsorn Sanrattana , Kevalee Unachak and Prapai Dejkhamron ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 16, 2024
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 37 Issue 6

Abstract

Objectives

While global  incidence rates (IR) of childhood diabetes are increasing, there is a notable lack  of current information on the incidence of childhood-onset diabetes in Thailand. This study aims to illustrate the age-standardized IR and types of childhood diabetes using multicenter regional data in Northern Thailand from 2005 to 2022 and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Data on newly diagnosed childhood diabetes were retrospectively collected between 2005 and 2016 and prospectively recorded for all incident cases between 2016 and 2022. The capture-recapture method was applied to estimate the completeness of ascertainment. The age-standardized IR of diabetes was calculated. The IR of diabetes and the prevalence/severity of DKA at onset were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

Results

Among 210 patients, type 1 diabetes (T1D) accounted for 56.2 %, type 2 diabetes (T2D) for 39 %, and other types for 4.8 %. The T1D age-standardized IR significantly increased from 0.30 in 2005 to 3.11/100,000 person/year in 2022, mirroring the T2D trend, which increased from 0.33 to 3.15/100,000 person/year. The average T1D age-standardized IR, including the prevalence/severity of DKA at diagnosis, did not significantly differ between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (2.11 vs. 2.36/100,000 person/year, p-value=0.67). However, the average T2D age-standardized IR significantly increased from 0.83 to 2.15/100,000 person/year during the pandemic (p-value=0.0057).

Conclusions

This study highlights an increased incidence of childhood T1D and T2D in Northern Thailand over a two-decade period. Notably, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the T1D incidence remained stable, while a significant rise in T2D incidence was observed.

Keywords: childhood diabetes; incidence of diabetes; COVID-19
Corresponding author: Prapai Dejkhamron, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawaroros Road, Sriphum, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand; and Northern Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Phone: +66 53936491, Fax: +66 53936491, E-mail:

Funding source: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Award Identifier / Grant number: Grant number MC042-65

Award Identifier / Grant number: Unassigned

Acknowledgments

The authors extend our gratitude to the Thai Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetes diagnosed before Age 30 years Registry, Care and Network (T1DDAR CN) for data management. We gratefully acknowledge Clinical Professor Supawadee Likitmaskul, MD, from Siriraj Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, for her expert advice. We also extend our appreciation to Usamard Siampukdee, PhD, for her assistance with demographic statistics and to Peeravit Koad, PhD, from the Informatics Innovation Center of Excellence (IICE) and School of Informatics, Walailak University, for his support in anthropometric computation. Last but not least, our thanks to Ms. Antika Wongthanee for her valuable assistance with statistical analysis.

  1. Research ethics: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University (Research ID: PED-2565-08836) and by the Institutional Review Board of each participating center.

  2. Informed consent: This study was granted an exemption from requiring written informed consent since this research involved no more than minimal risk to the participants.

  3. Author contributions: PS, KW, and PD conceptualized and designed the study. All authors agreed with the conceptual framework of this study. PS, HT, and NS collected data. All authors provided clinical details. PS prepared the first draft of the manuscript. PS and PD performed the statistical analysis. PD and KW contributed to the review and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Competing interests: All authors declare no competing interests.

  5. Research funding: This study was supported by the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Grant number MC042-65.

  6. Data availability: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Received: 2024-01-21
Accepted: 2024-03-29
Published Online: 2024-04-16
Published in Print: 2024-06-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Incidences of newly diagnosed childhood diabetes and onset severity: a multicenter regional study in Thailand over two decades and during the COVID-19 pandemic
  4. Exploring ketoacidosis frequency and risk factors in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: an 8-year retrospective study (2011–2018) at a tertiary paediatric hospital in Tripoli, Libya
  5. Automated insulin delivery in children with type 1 diabetes during physical activity: a meta-analysis
  6. Association between maternal and cord blood thyroid hormones, and urine iodine concentration with fetal growth
  7. Post hoc subgroup analysis of Asian children with paediatric GHD from the global phase 3 efficacy and safety study of once-weekly somatrogon vs. once-daily somatropin
  8. Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) due to Arg242 His variant in ALB gene in Turkish children
  9. A novel useful marker in the early discrimination of transient hyperthyrotropinemia/hypothyroxinemia and congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants: thyroid-stimulating hormone/free thyroxine ratio
  10. Comprehensive analyses of phenylalanine hydroxylase variants and phenotypic characteristics of patients in the eastern region of Türkiye
  11. Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and bone mineral density in pediatrics: population-based study from KNHANES V 2010–2011
  12. Trajectory of the body mass index of children and adolescents attending a reference mental health center
  13. Case Reports
  14. Prenatal presentation of a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule
  15. A very rare presentation of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu deficiency-TUFM mutation and literature review
  16. Identification of a novel homozygous NR5A1 variant in a patient with a 46,XY disorders of sex development
  17. Use of [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in the detection of primary hyperparathyroidism in paediatrics: a case report
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2024-0042
Keywords for this article
childhood diabetes; incidence of diabetes; COVID-19

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Articles
  3. Incidences of newly diagnosed childhood diabetes and onset severity: a multicenter regional study in Thailand over two decades and during the COVID-19 pandemic
  4. Exploring ketoacidosis frequency and risk factors in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: an 8-year retrospective study (2011–2018) at a tertiary paediatric hospital in Tripoli, Libya
  5. Automated insulin delivery in children with type 1 diabetes during physical activity: a meta-analysis
  6. Association between maternal and cord blood thyroid hormones, and urine iodine concentration with fetal growth
  7. Post hoc subgroup analysis of Asian children with paediatric GHD from the global phase 3 efficacy and safety study of once-weekly somatrogon vs. once-daily somatropin
  8. Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) due to Arg242 His variant in ALB gene in Turkish children
  9. A novel useful marker in the early discrimination of transient hyperthyrotropinemia/hypothyroxinemia and congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants: thyroid-stimulating hormone/free thyroxine ratio
  10. Comprehensive analyses of phenylalanine hydroxylase variants and phenotypic characteristics of patients in the eastern region of Türkiye
  11. Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and bone mineral density in pediatrics: population-based study from KNHANES V 2010–2011
  12. Trajectory of the body mass index of children and adolescents attending a reference mental health center
  13. Case Reports
  14. Prenatal presentation of a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule
  15. A very rare presentation of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu deficiency-TUFM mutation and literature review
  16. Identification of a novel homozygous NR5A1 variant in a patient with a 46,XY disorders of sex development
  17. Use of [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in the detection of primary hyperparathyroidism in paediatrics: a case report
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