Approach to nutritional rickets

References

1. Saggese, G, Vierucci, F, Prodam, F, Cardinale, F, Cetin, I, Chiappini, E, et al.. Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian pediatric society and the Italian society of preventive and social pediatrics, jointly with the Italian federation of pediatricians. Ital J Pediatr 2018;44:51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0488-7.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

2. Tiosano, D, Hochberg, Z. Hypophosphatemia: the common denominator of all rickets. J Bone Miner Metabol 2009;27:392–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0079-1.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Zhang, M, Shen, F, Petryk, A, Tang, J, Chen, X, Sergi, C. “English disease”: historical notes on rickets, the bone-lung link and child neglect issues. Nutrients 2016;8:722. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110722.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

4. Hochberg, Z, Hochberg, I. Evolutionary perspective in rickets and vitamin D. Front Endocrinol 2019;10:306–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00306.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

5. Munns, CF, Shaw, N, Kiely, M, Specker, BL, Thacher, TD, Ozono, K, et al.. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:394–415. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2175.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

6. Beck-Nielsen, SS, Jensen, TK, Gram, J, Brixen, K, Brock-Jacobsen, B. Nutritional rickets in Denmark: a retrospective review of children’s medical records from 1985 to 2005. Eur J Pediatr 2009;168:941–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-008-0864-1.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Misra, M, Pacaud, D, Petryk, A, Collett-Solberg, PF, Kappy, M. Drug and therapeutics committee of the lawson wilkins pediatric endocrine society. Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Drug and therapeutics committee of the lawson wilkins pediatric endocrine society. Pediatrics 2008;122:398–417. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1894.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Thacher, TD, Fischer, PR, Pettifor, JM, Lawson, JO, Isichei, CO, Reading, JC, et al.. A comparison of calcium, vitamin D, or both for nutritional rickets in Nigerian children. N Engl J Med 1999;341:563–8. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199908193410803.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

9. Atapattu, N, Shaw, N, Högler, W. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in the search for a biochemical definition of vitamin D deficiency in children. Pediatr Res 2013;74:552–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2013.139.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Ozkan, B, Doneray, H, Karacan, M, Vançelik, S, Yildirim, ZK, Ozkan, A, et al.. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in the eastern part of Turkey. Eur J Pediatr 2009;168:95–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-008-0846-3.Suche in Google Scholar

11. Hatun, Ş, Bereket, A, Çalıkoğlu, A, Özkan, B. Vitamin D deficiency and nutritional rickets Today. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2003;46:224–41.Suche in Google Scholar

12. Shoenfeld, N, Amital, H, Shoenfeld, Y. The effect of melanism and vitamin D synthesis on the incidence of autoimmune disease. Nat Clin Rheumatol 2009;5:99–105. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncprheum0989.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Kimlin, MG, Schallhorn, KA. Estimations of the human “vitamin D” UV exposure in the USA. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004;3:1067–70. https://doi.org/10.1039/b404957h.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Matsuoka, LY, Ide, L, Wortsman, J, MacLaughlin, JA, Holick, MF. Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:1165–8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-64-6-1165.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Petrenya, N, Lamberg-Allardt, C, Melhus, M, Broderstad, AR, Brustad, M. Vitamin D status in a multi-ethnic population of northern Norway: the SAMINOR 2 clinical survey. Publ Health Nutr 2019;15:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003816.Suche in Google Scholar

16. De-Regil, LM, Palacios, C, Lombardo, LK, Peña-Rosas, JP. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;1:CD008873. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008873.pub3.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Belenchia, AM, Tosh, AK, Hillman, LS, Peterson, CA. Correcting vitamin D insufficiency improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:774–81. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.050013.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Molla, AM, Badawi, MH, al-Yaish, S, Sharma, P, el-Salam, RS, Molla, AM. Risk factors for nutritional rickets among children in Kuwait. Pediatr Int 2000;42:280–4. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-200x.2000.01230.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Farrell, CJ, Martin, S, McWhinney, B, Straub, I, Williams, P, Herrmann, M. State-of-the-art vitamin D assays: a comparison of automated immunoassays with liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry methods. Clin Chem 2012;58:531–42. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.172155.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Tai, SS, Bedner, M, Phinney, KW. Development of a candidate reference measurement procedure for the determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010;82:1942–8. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9026862.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

21. Stepman, HC, Vanderroost, A, Van Uytfanghe, K, Thienpont, L. Candidate reference measurement procedures for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 by using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2011;57:441–8. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.152553.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Sempos, CT, Vesper, HW, Phinney, KW, Thienpont, LM, Coates, PM, Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP). Vitamin D status as an international issue: national surveys and the problem of standardization. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2012;243:32–40.21. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.681935.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Nordblad, M, Graham, F, Mughal, MZ, Padidela, R. Rapid assessment of dietary calcium intake. Arch Dis Child 2016;101:634–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308905.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Fraser, D, Kooh, SW, Scriver, CR. Hyperparathyroidism as the cause of hyperaminoaciduria and phosphaturia in human vitamin D deficiency. Pediatr Res 1967;1:425–35. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-196711000-00001.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Munns, CF, Shaw, N, Kiely, M, Specker, BL, Thacher, TD, Ozono, K, et al.. Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets. Horm Res Paediatr 2016;85:83–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443136.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Högler, W. Complications of vitamin D deficiency from the foetus to the infant: one cause, one prevention, but who’s responsibility? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2015;29:385–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2015.03.003.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

27. Balasubramanian, K, Rajeswari, J, Gulab, Govil, YC, Agarwal, AK, Kumar, A, et al.. Varying role of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of rickets in young children vs adolescents in northern India. J Trop Pediatr 2003;49:201–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/49.4.201.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

28. Aggarwal, V, Seth, A, Aneja, S, Sharma, B, Sonkar, P, Singh, S, et al.. Role of calcium deficiency in development of nutritional rickets in Indian children: a case control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:3461–6. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3120.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

29. Pettifor, JM, Ross, P, Wang, J, Moodley, G, Couper-Smith, J. Rickets in children of rural origin in South Africa: is low dietary calcium a factor? J Pediatr 1978;92:320–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80035-3.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

30. Legius, E, Proesmans, W, Eggermont, E, Vandamme-Lobaerts, R, Bouillon, R, Smet, M. Rickets due to dietary calcium deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 1989;148:784–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00443112.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Eyberg, CJ, Pettifor, JM, Moodley, G. Dietary calcium intake in rural black South African children. The relationship between calcium intake and calcium nutritional status. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1986;40:69–74.Suche in Google Scholar

32. Okonofua, F, Gill, DS, Alabi, ZO, Thomas, M, Bell, JL, Dandona, P. Rickets in Nigerian children: a consequence of calcium malnutrition. Metabolism 1991;40:209–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(91)90177-x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington: National Academies Press; 2011.Suche in Google Scholar

34. Papapoulos, SE, Clemens, TL, Fraher, LJ, Gleed, J, O’Riordan, JL. Metabolites of vitamin D in human vitamin-D deficiency: effect of vitamin D3 or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Lancet 1980;2:612–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90283-4.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

35. Tripkovic, L, Lambert, H, Hart, K, Smith, CP, Bucca, G, Penson, S, et al.. Comparison of vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1357–64. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.031070.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

36. Pearce, SH, Cheetham, TD. Diagnosis an management of vitamin D deficiency. BMJ 2010;340:b5664. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5664.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

37. Shaw, NJ, Mughal, MZ. Vitamin D and child health. Extraskeletal and other aspects. Arch Dis Child 2013;98:368–72. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302585.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

38. Munns, C, Zacharin, MR, Rodda, CP, Batch, JA, Morley, R, Cranswick, NE, et al.. Paediatric Endocrine Group; Paediatric Bone Australasia. Prevention and treatment of infant and childhood vitamin D deficiency in Australia and New Zealand: a consensus statement. Med J Aust 2006;185:268–72. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00558.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

39. Cipriani, C, Romagnoli, E, Pepe, J, Russo, S, Carlucci, L, Piemonte, S, et al.. Longterm bioavailability after a single oral or intramuscular administration of 600,000 IU of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol: implications for treatment and prophylaxis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:2709–15. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-1586.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

40. Zabihiyeganeh, M, Jahed, A, Nojomi, M. Treatment of hypovitaminosis D with pharmacologic doses of cholecalciferol, oral vs intramuscular; an open labeled RCT. Clin Endocrinol 2013;78:210–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04518.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Mondal, K, Seth, A, Marwaha, RK, Dhanwal, D, Aneja, S, Singh, R, et al.. A randomized controlled trial on safety and efficacy of single intramuscular versus staggered oral dose of 600,000 IU vitamin D in treatment of nutritional rickets. J Trop Pediatr 2014;60:203–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmt105.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

42. Thacher, TD, Fischer, PR, Pettifor, JM. Vitamin D treatment in calcium-deficiency rickets: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 2014;99:807–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305275.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

43. Mughal, Z. Rickets in childhood. Semin Muscoskel Radiol 2002;6:183–90. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-36715.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Kumar, J, Muntner, P, Kaskel, FJ, Hailpern, SM, Melamed, ML. Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001–2004. Pediatrics 2009;124:e362–70. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0051.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

45. Hatun, S, Ozkan, B, Orbak, Z, Doneray, H, Cizmecioglu, F, Toprak, D, et al.. Vitamin D deficiency in early infancy. J Nutr 2005;135:279–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.2.279.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

46. Floreskul, V, Juma, FZ, Daniel, AB, Zamir, I, Rawdin, A, Stevenson, M, et al.. Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant woman and young children in preventing rickets: a modeling study. Front Public Health 2020;8:439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00439.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central