Home Medicine Vitamin D status is associated with early markers of cardiovascular disease in prepubertal children
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Vitamin D status is associated with early markers of cardiovascular disease in prepubertal children

  • Benjamin U. Nwosu EMAIL logo , Louise Maranda , Karen Cullen , Carol Ciccarelli and Mary M. Lee
Published/Copyright: July 2, 2013
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 26 Issue 11-12

Abstract

Background: The associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and related markers of early cardiovascular disease (CVD) are unclear in prepubertal children.

Objective: To investigate the association of 25(OH)D with markers of CVD. The hypothesis was that 25(OH)D would vary inversely with non-HDL-C.

Subjects and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of children (n=45; 26 males, 19 females) of mean age 8.3±2.5 years to investigate the relationships between 25(OH)D and glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lipids. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL; overweight as body mass index (BMI) ≥85th but <95th percentile; and obesity as BMI >95th percentile.

Results: Twenty subjects (44.4%) had BMI <85%, and 25 had BMI of ≥85%. Eleven participants (24.4%) had 25(OH)D of <20 ng/mL, and 10 (22.2%) had 25(OH)D of >30 ng/mL. Patients with 25(OH)D of <20 ng/mL had significantly elevated non-HDL-C (136.08±44.66 vs. 109.88±28.25, p=0.025), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL ratio (3.89±1.20 vs. 3.21±0.83, p=0.042), and triglycerides (TG) (117.09±71.27 vs. 73.39±46.53, p=0.024), while those with 25(OH)D of >30 ng/mL had significantly lower non-HDL-C, TC/HDL, TG, and LDL (82.40±18.03 vs. 105.15±28.38, p=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed significant inverse correlations between 25(OH)D and non-HDL cholesterol (β=–0.337, p=0.043), and TC/HDL ratio (β=–0.339, p=0.028), and LDL (β=–0.359, p=0.016), after adjusting for age, race, sex, BMI, and seasonality.

Conclusions: Vitamin D varied inversely with non-HDL, TC/HDL, and LDL. A 25(OH)D level of 30 ng/mL is associated with optimal cardioprotection in children.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; prepubertal children; vitamin D status
Corresponding author: Benjamin U. Nwosu, MD, Associate Professor, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue N, Worcester, MA 01655, USA, Phone: +1 508-334-7872, Fax: +1 508-856-4287, E-mail:

This study was supported in part by a grant to Benjamin U. Nwosu from the Department of Pediatrics and the Faculty Diversity Scholars Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. BUN and MML are members of the UMass Diabetes and Endocrine Research Center (DK32520).

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Received: 2013-3-7
Accepted: 2013-6-3
Published Online: 2013-07-02
Published in Print: 2013-11-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Review article
  4. Application of imaging modalities for evaluating neuroblastoma
  5. Images in pediatric endocrinology
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  9. Fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with overt hyperthyroidism and euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism
  10. Perinatal complications and higher risks of offspring thyroid dysfunction in early childhood of Graves’ disease mothers with euthyroidism
  11. Clinical characteristics and management of cranial diabetes insipidus in infants
  12. Desmopressin administration in children with central diabetes insipidus: a retrospective review
  13. An electronic surveillance system for monitoring the hospital presentation of nutritional vitamin D deficiency in children in Scotland
  14. Frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes over the past decade in children referred to a tertiary paediatric care centre: potential impact of a national programme highlighted
  15. Vitamin D status is associated with early markers of cardiovascular disease in prepubertal children
  16. Evaluation of bone mineral density in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  17. Observational study of diabetes management in type 1 diabetic school-age children during holiday versus school days
  18. Relationship of body mass index and GAD65 antibody status on β-cell secretion at diabetes onset in African-American children
  19. Serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  20. Concomitant autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic children with transient celiac serology or proven celiac disease
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  23. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban Indian adolescents and its relation with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
  24. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese Chilean children and association with gene variants of the leptin-melanocortin system
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  26. Could GSD type I expand the spectrum of disorders with elevated plasma chitotriosidase activity?
  27. Patient reports
  28. Treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia because of diffuse nesidioblastosis with nifedipine after surgical therapies in a newborn
  29. Successful subcutaneous glucagon use for persistent hypoglycaemia in congenital hyperinsulinism
  30. A novel atypical presentation of insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata’s disease) in a child
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  32. Speech and language delay in two children: an unusual presentation of hyperthyroidism
  33. Lissencephaly presenting with congenital hypothyroidism
  34. PHEX gene mutation in a Chinese family with six cases of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
  35. Primary hyperparathyroidism as an extremely rare cause of secondary myelofibrosis in childhood
  36. A family with Camurati-Engelman disease: the role of the missense p.R218C mutation in TGFbeta1 in bones and endocrine glands
  37. A case of SCNN1A splicing mutation presenting as mild systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
  38. Central precocious puberty in a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome
  39. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with homozygous sickle cell anemia
  40. Short communication
  41. No impact of obesity susceptibility loci on weight regain after a lifestyle intervention in overweight children
  42. Letter to the Editor
  43. Reliability and validity of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in critically ill children with hyperglycemia
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2013-0086
Keywords for this article
cardiovascular disease; prepubertal children; vitamin D status

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Review article
  4. Application of imaging modalities for evaluating neuroblastoma
  5. Images in pediatric endocrinology
  6. Lingual thyroid
  7. Original articles
  8. A levothyroxine dose recommendation for the treatment of children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis induced hypothyroidism
  9. Fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with overt hyperthyroidism and euthyroid congenital hypothyroidism
  10. Perinatal complications and higher risks of offspring thyroid dysfunction in early childhood of Graves’ disease mothers with euthyroidism
  11. Clinical characteristics and management of cranial diabetes insipidus in infants
  12. Desmopressin administration in children with central diabetes insipidus: a retrospective review
  13. An electronic surveillance system for monitoring the hospital presentation of nutritional vitamin D deficiency in children in Scotland
  14. Frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes over the past decade in children referred to a tertiary paediatric care centre: potential impact of a national programme highlighted
  15. Vitamin D status is associated with early markers of cardiovascular disease in prepubertal children
  16. Evaluation of bone mineral density in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  17. Observational study of diabetes management in type 1 diabetic school-age children during holiday versus school days
  18. Relationship of body mass index and GAD65 antibody status on β-cell secretion at diabetes onset in African-American children
  19. Serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  20. Concomitant autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic children with transient celiac serology or proven celiac disease
  21. Assessment of user-friendliness of the Norditropin FlexPro for pediatric patients treated with recombinant human growth hormone: results of an open-label user survey
  22. Cognitive impairment and gray/white matter volume abnormalities in pediatric patients with Turner syndrome presenting with various karyotypes
  23. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban Indian adolescents and its relation with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
  24. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese Chilean children and association with gene variants of the leptin-melanocortin system
  25. Evaluation of serum neopterin levels and its relationship with adipokines in pediatric obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy adolescents
  26. Could GSD type I expand the spectrum of disorders with elevated plasma chitotriosidase activity?
  27. Patient reports
  28. Treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia because of diffuse nesidioblastosis with nifedipine after surgical therapies in a newborn
  29. Successful subcutaneous glucagon use for persistent hypoglycaemia in congenital hyperinsulinism
  30. A novel atypical presentation of insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata’s disease) in a child
  31. Diagnosis of septo-optic dysplasia in a neonate with hypernatremia, hypoglycemia, and persistent hypothermia
  32. Speech and language delay in two children: an unusual presentation of hyperthyroidism
  33. Lissencephaly presenting with congenital hypothyroidism
  34. PHEX gene mutation in a Chinese family with six cases of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
  35. Primary hyperparathyroidism as an extremely rare cause of secondary myelofibrosis in childhood
  36. A family with Camurati-Engelman disease: the role of the missense p.R218C mutation in TGFbeta1 in bones and endocrine glands
  37. A case of SCNN1A splicing mutation presenting as mild systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
  38. Central precocious puberty in a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome
  39. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with homozygous sickle cell anemia
  40. Short communication
  41. No impact of obesity susceptibility loci on weight regain after a lifestyle intervention in overweight children
  42. Letter to the Editor
  43. Reliability and validity of homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in critically ill children with hyperglycemia
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