All-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate
-
Saumya Srivastava
Abstract
The construction of an all-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate employing a reflecting semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is proposed in this article. By establishing fields such as quantum computing, optical quantum computing, quantum-dot cellular automata, and superconducting flux logic family, quantum gates have been proved to perform reliably in the present day. A nonzero-mass electron, on the other hand, moves far slower than a quantum particle with zero rest mass, such as a photon. Photons can also be utilized to store data while being sent. These photon qualities have motivated researchers to create quantum gates in the all-optical domain based on them. The RSOA-based implementation of the Toffoli gate gives a significant improvement in the case of high speed, low power, and fast switching time. MATLAB Simulink (R2018a) software is used to simulate the devised design. The theoretical prediction is satisfied by the simulation results.
Acknowledgement
As a corresponding author, I am very thankful to my co-authors for their support and work. I am thankful to MATLAB Simulink (R2018a) software. I am thankful to NIT Raipur, where I am currently working.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
1. Landauer, R. Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process. IBM J Res Dev 1961;5:183–91. https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.53.0183.Search in Google Scholar
2. Nishchal, NK. Optical cryptosystems. Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing; 2019.10.1088/978-0-7503-2220-1Search in Google Scholar
3. Jiang, H, Chen, Y, Li, G, Zhu, C, Chen, X. Optical half-adder and half-subtracter employing the pockels effect. Opt Express 2015;23:9784–9. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.009784.Search in Google Scholar
4. Dey, S, Mukhopadhyay, S. All-optical high frequency clock pulse generator using the feedback mechanism in Toffoli gate with Kerr material. J Nonlinear Opt Phys Mater 2016;25:1650012. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218863516500120.Search in Google Scholar
5. Hu, G, Xiao, D, Wang, Y, Xiang, T, Zhou, Q. Securing image information using double random phase encoding and parallel compressive sensing with updated sampling processes. Opt Laser Eng 2017;98:123–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2017.06.013.Search in Google Scholar
6. Mukherjee, K. Implementation of hybrid encoded all optical computation using non-linear material based difference frequency generation alone. Opt Photon Lett 2010;3:61–71. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793528810000050.Search in Google Scholar
7. Ghosh, B, Mukhopadhyay, S. All-optical wavelength encoded nand and nor operations exploiting semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-Zehnder interferometer wavelength converter and phase conjugation system. Opt Photon Lett 2011;4:47–55. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793528811000172.Search in Google Scholar
8. Dutta, S, Mukhopadhya, S. All-optical approach for conversion of a binary number having a fractional part to its decimal equivalent and vice-versa. Opt Photon Lett 2010;3:51–9. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793528810000104.Search in Google Scholar
9. Maji, K, Mukherjee, K, Raja, A. An alternative method for implementation of frequency-encoded logic gates using a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (toad). J Comput Electron 2019;18:1423–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-019-01393-5.Search in Google Scholar
10. Ren, B-C, Wang, AH, Alsaedi, A, Hayat, T, Deng, F-G.Three-photon polarization-spatial hyperparallel quantum Fredkingate assisted by diamond nitro-gen vacancy center in optical cavity. Ann Phys 2018;530:1800043. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201800043.Search in Google Scholar
11. Dey, S, De, P, Mukhopadhyay, S. An all-optical implementation of Fredkin gate using Kerr effect. Optoelectron Lett 2019;15:317–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-019-8170-x.Search in Google Scholar
12. Garai, SK. A novel method of developing all optical frequency encoded Fredkin gates. Opt Commun 2014;313:441–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.10.008.Search in Google Scholar
13. Mandal, D, Mandal, S, Garai, SK. Alternative approach of developing all-optical Fredkin and Toffoli gates. Opt Laser Technol 2015;72:33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.03.010.Search in Google Scholar
14. Ghazali, N, Wahid, M, Hambali, NA, Juhari, N, Shahimin, M. Characterization of all-optical Feynman and Fredkin gates utilizing optimized soanolm. AIP Conf Proc 2018;2045:020079. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5080892.Search in Google Scholar
15. Kumar, S, Chanderkanta, Raghuwanshi, SK. Design of optical reversible logic gates using electro-optic effect of lithium niobate based Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Appl Opt 2016;55:5693–701. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.005693.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Chattopadhyay, T. All-optical modified Fredkin gate. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 2011;18:585–92.10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2106111Search in Google Scholar
17. Upadhyay, KK, Srivastava, S, Mishra, NK, Shukla, NK. Design and performance analysis of MZI based 2× 2 reversible XNOR logic gate. J Opt Commun 2018;41:235–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0189.Search in Google Scholar
18. Upadhyay, KK, Arun, V, Srivastava, S, Mishra, NK, Shukla, NK. A novel model of all-optical reversible XOR/XNOR logic gate on a single photonic circuit. Indian J Phys 2019;93:1081–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-019-01373-2.Search in Google Scholar
19. Upadhyay, KK, Srivastava, S, Arun, V, Shukla, NK. Design and performance analysis of all-optical reversible full adder, as ALU. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect A (Phys Sci) 2019;90:899–909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40010-019-00611-w.Search in Google Scholar
20. Soberanes, F, Avila, M. Execution of Fredkin gate by a set of free fermions. Pra-mana 2020;94:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-020-1931-z.Search in Google Scholar
21. Fredkin, E, Toffoli, T. Conservative logic. Int J Theor Phys 1982;21:219–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01857727.Search in Google Scholar
22. Guo, L, Connelly, M. A novel approach to all-optical wavelength conversion by utilizing a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier in a co-propagation scheme.Opt Commun 2008;281:4470–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.04.054.Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Evaluating the impact of doping concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers
- Gain flattened and C/L band amplified spontaneous emission noise re-injected L-band EDFA
- Devices
- Performance signature of transceiver communication system based on the cascade uniform fiber Bragg grating devices
- A novel connected structure of all-optical high speed and ultra-compact photonic crystal OR logic gate
- All-optical simultaneous XOR-AND operation using 1-D periodic nonlinear material
- Implementation of frequency encoded all optical reversible logic
- All-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate
- Performance analysis of all optical 2 × 1 multiplexer in 2D photonic crystal structure
- Fibers
- Predication of negative dispersion for photonic crystal fiber using extreme learning machine
- Analysis of optical Kerr effect on effective core area and index of refraction in single-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers
- Novel add-drop filter based on serial and parallel photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRR)
- Integrated Optics
- Design and modeling of multi-operation bit-manipulator logic circuit using lithium niobate waveguides
- Networks
- Modeling and comparative analysis of all-class converged-coexistence NG-PON2 network for 5G-IoT-FTTX-services and application
- Efficient solution for WDM-PON with low value of BER using NRZ modulation
- Systems
- Efficient employment of VCSEL light sources in high speed dispersion compensation system
- Performance analysis of a hybrid FSO–FO link with smart decision making system under adverse weather conditions
- A review on mmWave based energy efficient RoF system for next generation mobile communication and broadband systems
- Fiber nonlinearity compensation using optical phase conjugation in dispersion-managed coherent transmission systems
- Hybrid WDM free space optical system using CSRZ and Rayleigh backscattering noise mitigation
- Differential coding scheme based FSO channel for optical coherent DP-16 QAM transceiver systems
- Performance analysis of free space optical system incorporating circular polarization shift keying and mode division multiplexing
- Filter bank multi-carrier review article
- Investigations of wavelength division multiplexing-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WDM-OFDM) system with 50 Gb/s optical access
- FSO performance analysis of a metro city in different atmospheric conditions
- Underwater video transmission with video enhancement using reduce hazing algorithm
- Theory
- SLM based Circular (6, 2) mapping scheme with improved SER performance for PAPR reduction in OCDM without side information
- Modeling and spectral analysis of high speed optical fiber communication with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- Optical SNR estimation using machine learning
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Evaluating the impact of doping concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers
- Gain flattened and C/L band amplified spontaneous emission noise re-injected L-band EDFA
- Devices
- Performance signature of transceiver communication system based on the cascade uniform fiber Bragg grating devices
- A novel connected structure of all-optical high speed and ultra-compact photonic crystal OR logic gate
- All-optical simultaneous XOR-AND operation using 1-D periodic nonlinear material
- Implementation of frequency encoded all optical reversible logic
- All-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate
- Performance analysis of all optical 2 × 1 multiplexer in 2D photonic crystal structure
- Fibers
- Predication of negative dispersion for photonic crystal fiber using extreme learning machine
- Analysis of optical Kerr effect on effective core area and index of refraction in single-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers
- Novel add-drop filter based on serial and parallel photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRR)
- Integrated Optics
- Design and modeling of multi-operation bit-manipulator logic circuit using lithium niobate waveguides
- Networks
- Modeling and comparative analysis of all-class converged-coexistence NG-PON2 network for 5G-IoT-FTTX-services and application
- Efficient solution for WDM-PON with low value of BER using NRZ modulation
- Systems
- Efficient employment of VCSEL light sources in high speed dispersion compensation system
- Performance analysis of a hybrid FSO–FO link with smart decision making system under adverse weather conditions
- A review on mmWave based energy efficient RoF system for next generation mobile communication and broadband systems
- Fiber nonlinearity compensation using optical phase conjugation in dispersion-managed coherent transmission systems
- Hybrid WDM free space optical system using CSRZ and Rayleigh backscattering noise mitigation
- Differential coding scheme based FSO channel for optical coherent DP-16 QAM transceiver systems
- Performance analysis of free space optical system incorporating circular polarization shift keying and mode division multiplexing
- Filter bank multi-carrier review article
- Investigations of wavelength division multiplexing-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WDM-OFDM) system with 50 Gb/s optical access
- FSO performance analysis of a metro city in different atmospheric conditions
- Underwater video transmission with video enhancement using reduce hazing algorithm
- Theory
- SLM based Circular (6, 2) mapping scheme with improved SER performance for PAPR reduction in OCDM without side information
- Modeling and spectral analysis of high speed optical fiber communication with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- Optical SNR estimation using machine learning
