A comprehensive road map of modern communication through free-space optics
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Pritam Keshari Sahoo
and
Ajay Kumar Yadav
Abstract
Free-space optical communication (FSO) has emerged as an opportunity for future generation high-speed wireless communication, substituting its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. Considering few fiber optics limitations, FSO has been gaining its popularity since last three decades. FSO has a wide band of operational frequencies ranging from far infrared (IR) to ultraviolet (UV). This review article basically talks about the use of near IR frequency advantages for FSO applications. Through this manuscript, authors try to reinforce a detail background knowledge about FSO through various evolutions by systems and techniques. There are many applications of FSO that have been discussed and experimented in many research publications through the years, but this review article presents an in-depth analysis of various challenges and system failures due to remote hindrances. Finally, the authors have briefed some performance enhancement techniques through several physical and network layer methods. Through this, the authors present a comprehensive review on FSO communication systems appropriately for learners and young researchers who are at their early stage in research on FSO.
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Editorial
- Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)
- The effect of doping on the electrons and holes in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
- Performance analysis and parameter optimization of all-optical encryption using the FWM effect in semiconductor optical amplifier
- Total gain of InTlAsSb quantum dot structures
- Gain-forming effect on optical signal-to-noise ratio in Raman fiber amplifier
- Design of EDFA based 16 channel WDM system using counter directional high pump power
- Polarization rotation-based all-optical AND gate using single semiconductor optical amplifier and implementation of a majority gate
- Performance analysis on double-pass thulium-doped fiber amplifier for 16-channel WDM system at S-band
- Design of optical packet switch in presence of dispersion compensation and amplifier noise
- Alternative method of implementation of all-optical NOR and NAND gates using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in non-interferometer structure
- Detectors
- A long-reach radio over free space optics (Ro-FSO) system using hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-multibeam concept with enhanced detection
- BER performance analysis of FSO using hybrid-SIM technique with APD receiver over weak and strong turbulence channels
- High-speed and long-reach PON employing PM-DQPSK signal and coherent receiver
- Devices
- Multi-Layer Graded-Index Planar Structure for Coarse WDM Demultiplexing
- Photonic Crystal-Based All-Optical Half Adder with High Contrast Ratio
- Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB) for Signal Power Amplitude Level Improvement in Long Spectral Band
- Performance analysis of carrier depletion silicon PIN phase shifter
- Design of Optical 4 × 2 Encoder Using Cross Layered Chalcogenide2D-PC Resonator
- 1 × 2 plasmonic wavelength demultiplexer using rectangular MIM waveguide
- Compact and efficient PC-based directional coupler all-optical switch
- All-optical integrated 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer circuit with enable using SOA based MZI
- All optical half subtractor based on threshold switching and beams interference mechanisms
- An All Optical Photonic Crystal Based XOR Gate for BPSK Signals
- Four bits data sequence generators based ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for upgrading maximum Q factor and minimum BER
- Design and optimization of all-optical demultiplexer using photonic crystals for optical computing applications
- Hybrid buffer‐based optical packet switch with negative acknowledgment for multilevel data centers
- Application of photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators for realizing all optical 3-to-8 decoder
- Power conversion with complete photonic band gap in magneto-photonic crystal slab based on cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet
- Performance comparison of all-optical logic gates using electro-optic effect in MZI-based waveguide switch at 1.46 µm
- Modelling and analysis of chirped long-period grating inscribed in a planer optical waveguide structure for sensing applications
- Comparative study of all-optical INVERTER and BUFFER gates using MZI structure
- Design of multiplexing circuit using electro-optic effect based optical waveguides
- Performance enhancement of ultra-dense WDM over FSO hybrid optical link by incorporating MIMO technique
- A novel proposal based on 2D linear resonant cavity photonic crystals for all-optical NOT, XOR and XNOR logic gates
- All optical NAND/NOR and majority gates using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator
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- A photonic crystal based de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing
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- Ultrafast all optical XOR gate using photonic crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators
- Investigating the performance of all-optical AND logic gate based on FWM effect in SOA at low power
- Nonlinear optical decoder based on photonic quasi crystal ring resonator structure
- Optical data center switches design and analysis
- Hybrid buffer and AWG based add-drop optical packet switch
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- Using nonlinear ring resonators for designing an all optical comparator
- All optical half subtractor based on linear photonic crystals and phase shift keying technique
- Multi-input single-output (MISO) all optical logic (ALG) AND/NOR gate using FWM in dispersion compensation fibers in Mach-Zehnder configuration (DCF-MZI)
- Wavelength and throughput tuning of FORR-based optical filter using Sagnac effect
- Performance Enhancement of Encoding–Decoding Multidiagonal and Walsh Hadamard Codes for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) Utilizing Dispersion Compensated Fiber
- Impact Analysis of the Number of Core on Hexagonal Multicore Fibre
- Effect of OPC on Fiber Nonlinearities for Dense Soliton Optical Communication Medium
- Sensing of Illegal Drugs by Using Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz Regime
- On characteristic behavior and flattened chromatic dispersion properties of bent photonic crystal fibers
- Ultra high birefringent dispersion flattened fiber in terahertz regime
- Structural dependence of transmission characteristics for photonic crystal fiber with circularly distributed air-holes
- Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fibre with high birefringence and high nonlinearity
- Exploiting higher-order mode dispersion of bend M-type chalcogenide fiber in mid-IR supercontinuum generation
- Design of optoelectronic oscillator based on multiple-length single mode fiber and chirped fiber Bragg grating
- Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber
- High birefringence and broadband dispersion compensation photonic crystal fiber
- Design and analysis of highly nonlinear, low dispersion AlGaAs-based photonic crystal fiber
- Highly negative dispersion compensating fiber with low third order dispersion
- Dispersion properties of single-mode optical fibers in telecommunication region: poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) versus silica
- Influence of Kerr nonlinearity on group delay and modal dispersion parameters of single-mode graded index fibers: evaluation by a simple but accurate method
- Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with D-shaped air holes for terahertz (THz) application
- Simulation and analysis of ultra-low material loss of single-mode photonic crystal fiber in terahertz (THz) spectrum for communication applications
- Investigation of radiation induced luminescence with modulated signal transmission in optical fiber
- Design and analysis of uncoupled heterogeneous trench-assisted multi-core fiber (MCF)
- Simulative study of raised cosine impulse function with Hamming grating profile based Chirp Bragg grating fiber
- Highly Efficient Solar Energy Conversion Using Graded-index Metamaterial Nanostructured Waveguide
- Chaotic Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers with Another Laser and Its Encoding Application in Secret Communication
- Passively Femtosecond Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Oscillator with External Pulse Compressor for Frequency Comb Generation
- Conventional band demultiplexer with high quality factor and transmission power based on four optimized shaped photonic crystal resonators
- Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
- Third order intermodulation and third order intercept in a directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diode
- Evaluation of quantum dot light-emitting diodes synchronization under optically feedback
- Laser diode to single-mode graded index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip: evaluation of coupling efficiency by ABCD matrix formalism
- Enhanced Performance Analysis of 10 Gbit/s–10 GHz OFDM-Based Radio over FSO Transmission System Incorporating ODSB and OSSB Modulation Schemes
- An Ultra-compact Plasmonic Modulator Using Elasto-optic Effect and Resonance Phenomena
- Performance Comparison of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Link Under OOK, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK Modulation Formats in the Presence of Strong Atmospheric Turbulence
- Model for Performance Improvement of Blocking Probability in GMPLS Networks
- Study on P2P Service Bearer Method for Passive Optical Network for Long Distance and Wide Access
- Physical layer impairment-aware ant colony optimization approach in WDM network
- Analysis of Laser Linewidth on the Performance of Direct Detection OFDM Based Backhaul and Backbone Networks
- Radio over fiber based signal transport schemes for emerging mobile fronthaul networks – a review
- A Comparative Study of Performances Between the WDM PON System and the CWDM PON System in an Optical Access Network
- Beam divergence and operating wavelength bands effects on free space optics communication channels in local access networks
- Proactive link handover deploying coordinated transmission for indoor visible light communications (VLC) networks
- Optimized Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Optical Access Networks
- Packet Blocking Performance of Cloud Computing Based Optical Data Centers Networks under Contention Resolution Mechanisms
- Optimization of an EYDWA Amplifier Parameters for a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
- Research on Power Optimization Based on Adaptive Passive Optical Networks
- Towards cloud transport using IP-multiservices access network (MSAN)
- Enhanced redirection strategy for peer to peer services in high-speed and large-capacity ethernet passive optical networks
- Transmission challenges in metropolitan area optical networks
- Performance evaluation of a multihop WDM network with share-per-node L-WIXC architecture
- Performance analysis of hybrid optical amplifiers for multichannel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
- Time-domain Measurement and Analysis of Differential Mode Delay and Modal Bandwidth of Graded-Index Multimode Fiber in SDM Networks
- Seven-channel 1 Gbps TWDM coexistence architecture supporting 65 Gbps optical link for next-generation passive optical network 2–based FTTX access networks
- Link failure recovery using p-cycles in wavelength division multiplex (WDM) mesh networks
- Cascadability analysis of WDM recirculating loop buffer-based switch in optical data networks
- Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks
- A novel framework for content connectivity through optical data centers
- Performance of different hybrid dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) in long reach ultra dense WDM passive optical networks
- Performance investigation of PM-based wavelength remodulation scheme in bidirectional TWDM-PON
- Physical layer analysis of optical wireless data centers
- Novel approach to jointly optimize working and spare capacity of survivable optical networks
- A QoS provisioning architecture of fiber wireless network based on XGPON and IEEE 802.11ac
- Radio over fiber on gigabit passive optical network using QPSK modulation scheme
- Blocking performance of optically switched data networks
- Devices, communication techniques and networks for all optical communication: research issues
- Design and investigation of N1-class next-generation passive optical network-2 (NG-PON2) coexistence architecture in the presence of Kerr effect and four-wave mixing (FWM) for fiber to the home (FTTX) access networks
- Improved algorithm for enhance robustness of IPTV based on GEPON
- Simultaneous distribution of wired and two 2 × 2 MIMO wireless OFDM signals over an integrated RoF-PON system
- Analyzing optical TDMA to mitigate interference in downlink LiFi optical attocell networks
- Light fidelity optical network a comparative performance evaluation
- Theory of chaos synchronization and quasi-period synchronization of an all optic 2n-D LAN
- Performance of high scalability hybrid system of 10G-TDM-OCDMA-PON based on 2D-SWZCC code
- Performance analysis of APD and PIN diode with and without EDFA in GPON
- Improved Performance Investigation of 10 Gb/s–10 GHz 4-QAM Based OFDM-Ro-FSO Transmission Link
- Feasibility Analysis of Optical Wireless Communication for Indian Tropical and Subtropical Climates
- 40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format
- Performance Analysis of Shift ZCC Codes and Multi Diagonal Codes in 100 Gbps MDM-FSO System
- Combined Envelope Scaling with Modified SLM Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM-Based VLC Systems
- Empirical Evaluation of High-speed Cost-effective Ro-FSO System by Incorporating OCDMA-PDM Scheme under the Presence of Fog
- Satellite-to-Ground FSO System Based on Multiaperture Receivers as an Optimization Solution for Strong Turbulence and Fog Conditions
- Performance analysis of NRZ and RZ variants for FSO communication system under different weather conditions
- Free space optics communication system design using iterative optimization
- Optical wireless systems with ASK & PSK using coupler-based delay line filter
- Probing of nonlinear impairments in long range optical transmission systems
- Design and Investigation of Free Space Optical System for Diverse Atmospheric Transmission Windows
- The performance comparison of hybrid WDM/TDM, TDM and WDM PONs with 128 ONUs
- Performance evaluation of a multiple optical link FSO–FSO
- Analysis the flat gain/noise figure using RAMAN-Reflective Semiconductor Hybrid Optical Amplifier in C + L + U triple band for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system
- Design improvement to reduce noise effect in CDMA multiple access optical systems based on new (2-D) code using spectral/spatial half-matrix technique
- High-speed signal processing and wide band optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems
- 2 × 20 Gbit/s OFDM-based FSO transmission system for HAP-to-ground links incorporating mode division multiplexing with enhanced detection
- Radio-over-fiber front-haul link design using optisystem
- A 2 × 20 Gbps hybrid MDM-OFDM–based high-altitude platform-to-satellite FSO transmission system
- Analysis of hybrid integrated-alternate mark inversion (I-AMI) modulation and symmetrical-symmetrical-post (SSP) dispersion compensation technique in single-tone radio over fiber (RoF) system
- Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and orthogonal frequency division multicarrier (OFDM) based visible light communication systems
- Development and performance improvement of a novel zero cross-correlation code for SAC-OCDMA systems
- Comparative analysis of SISO and wavelength diversity-based FSO systems at different transmitter power levels
- Effect of adverse weather conditions and pointing error on the performance of 2-D WH/TS OCDMA over FSO link
- Performance of LED for line-of-sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communication system
- Underwater wireless optical communication: a case study of chlorophyll effect
- Subcarrier multiplexed radio over fiber system with optical single sideband modulation
- Performance investigation of free space optics link employing polarization division multiplexing and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing under different link parameters
- Performance analysis of FSO link under the effect of fog in Delhi region, India
- Design and analysis of full duplex RoF system with efficient phase noise cancellation from a coherent RoF system
- Mathematical modeling of optical impairments in DSP based WDM coherent system
- Analysis of 64 channels based IS-OWC system using different intereference reduction techniques
- Effects of local oscillator on the performance of DP-QPSK WDM system with channel spacing of 37.5 GHz
- Dual band radio-over-fibre millimetre–wave system utilizing optical frequency combs
- Full duplex dispersion compensating system based on chromatic dispersion in analog RoF links
- Performance enhancement of Raman + EYDFA HOA for UD-WDM system applications
- Crosstalk characterization in homogeneous multicore fiber using discrete changes model under bidirectional propagation
- Analysis three dispersion compensation techniques using DCF
- Electrocardiogram transmission over OFDM system
- A multilayers adaptive ALACO-OFDM for spectral efficiency improvement using PSO algorithm in visible light communication systems
- A comprehensive road map of modern communication through free-space optics
- Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based 60-GHz transmission over turbulent free-space optical link
- Design of 16 × 40 Gbps hybrid PDM-WDM FSO communication system and its performance comparison with the traditional model under diverse weather conditions of Bangladesh
- Next generation optical wireless communication: a comprehensive review
- A companding approach for PAPR suppression in OFDM based massive MIMO system
- Characterization of terrestrial FSO link performance for 850 and 1310 nm transmission wavelengths
- Analysis of nonlinear behavior of multimode spatial laser beams with high stability and coherence for medical applications
- Performance of a free space optical link employing DCO-OFDM modulated Gaussian-beam
- Nonlinear/dispersion compensation in dual polarization 128-QAM system incorporating optical backpropagation
- New encoding/decoding design of SAC-OCDMA system with fixed correlation zone code
- Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
- Dimming controlled multi header pulse position modulation (MH-PPM) for visible light communication system
- 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) for undersea wireless optical communication
- Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth
- On the transmission of data packets through fiber-optic cables of uniform index
- Performance analysis of WDM free space optics transmission system using MIMO technique under various atmospheric conditions
- Review on nonlinearity effect in radio over fiber system and its mitigation
- Improving the optical link for UVLC using MIMO technique
- A review on signal generation techniques in radio over fiber systems
- FBMC OQAM: novel variant of OFDM
- A 120 Mbps WDM-based VLC system for implementation of Internet of Things
- Physical layer security analysis of a dual-hop hybrid RF-VLC system
- Application scheme and performance analysis of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT
- Artificial intelligence based optical performance monitoring
- Mobility aware of WDM-based CMO OFDM communication system
- Design and performance analysis of spectral-efficient hybrid CPDM-CO-OFDM FSO communication system under diverse weather conditions
- An approach to ensure joint illumination & communication performance of a forward error corrected indoor visible light communication (VLC) system in presence of ambient light interference
- A Large-Capacity Optical Switch Design for High-Speed Optical Data Centers
- Performance Analysis of OWC Using NOP Technique
- Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Buffer-Based Optical Packet Switch Router
- Modeling C2 n by Inclusion of Rainfall Parameter and Validate Modified Log Normal and Gamma-Gamma Model on FSO Communication Link
- Enhancement of reliability and security in spatial diversity FSO-CDMA wiretap channel
- FSO-Based Analysis of LTE-A MAC Protocols to Achieve Improved QoS
- Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment for efficient traffic grooming
- High Birefringence and Negative Dispersion Based Modified Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers: A Numerical Study
- Impact of Pointing Error on the BER Performance of an OFDM Optical Wireless Communication Link over Turbulent Condition
- A receiver intensity for Super Lorentz Gaussian beam (SLG) propagation via the moderate turbulent atmosphere using a novelty mathematical model
- Performances of BICM-ID system using CRSC code in optical transmissions
- 128-QAM dual-polarization chaotic long-haul system performance evaluation
- Suppression of nonlinear noise in a high-speed optical channel with variable dispersion compensation
- Radio over fiber (RoF) link modelling using cross term memory polynomial
- An investigation of 16-QAM signal transmission over turbulent RoFSO link modeled by gamma–gamma distribution
- Design of 320 Gbps hybrid AMI-PDM-WDM FSO link and its performance comparison with traditional models under diverse weather conditions
- Non-linear companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in generalized frequency division multiplexing
- Implementation of wavelet transform based non-Hermitian symmetry OFDM for indoor VLC system using Raspberry Pi
- PAPR reduction scheme for optical OFDM techniques
- Investigations with all optical sequential circuit at higher data rate
- Error performance analysis of optical communication over Lognormal-Rician turbulence channel using Gram-Charlier Series
- A simple but accurate method for prediction of splice loss in mono-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers in presence of Kerr nonlinearity
- Simulation modeling of free space optical communication system
- Digital predistortion of radio over fiber (RoF) link using hybrid Memetic algorithm
- Design of a low cost and power efficient 200/400 Gbps optical interconnect using DAC-less simplified PAM4 architecture
- Evaluation of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with different modulation formats
- Performance analysis of DP-MZM radio over fiber links against fiber impairments
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Editorial
- Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)
- The effect of doping on the electrons and holes in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
- Performance analysis and parameter optimization of all-optical encryption using the FWM effect in semiconductor optical amplifier
- Total gain of InTlAsSb quantum dot structures
- Gain-forming effect on optical signal-to-noise ratio in Raman fiber amplifier
- Design of EDFA based 16 channel WDM system using counter directional high pump power
- Polarization rotation-based all-optical AND gate using single semiconductor optical amplifier and implementation of a majority gate
- Performance analysis on double-pass thulium-doped fiber amplifier for 16-channel WDM system at S-band
- Design of optical packet switch in presence of dispersion compensation and amplifier noise
- Alternative method of implementation of all-optical NOR and NAND gates using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in non-interferometer structure
- Detectors
- A long-reach radio over free space optics (Ro-FSO) system using hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-multibeam concept with enhanced detection
- BER performance analysis of FSO using hybrid-SIM technique with APD receiver over weak and strong turbulence channels
- High-speed and long-reach PON employing PM-DQPSK signal and coherent receiver
- Devices
- Multi-Layer Graded-Index Planar Structure for Coarse WDM Demultiplexing
- Photonic Crystal-Based All-Optical Half Adder with High Contrast Ratio
- Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB) for Signal Power Amplitude Level Improvement in Long Spectral Band
- Performance analysis of carrier depletion silicon PIN phase shifter
- Design of Optical 4 × 2 Encoder Using Cross Layered Chalcogenide2D-PC Resonator
- 1 × 2 plasmonic wavelength demultiplexer using rectangular MIM waveguide
- Compact and efficient PC-based directional coupler all-optical switch
- All-optical integrated 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer circuit with enable using SOA based MZI
- All optical half subtractor based on threshold switching and beams interference mechanisms
- An All Optical Photonic Crystal Based XOR Gate for BPSK Signals
- Four bits data sequence generators based ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for upgrading maximum Q factor and minimum BER
- Design and optimization of all-optical demultiplexer using photonic crystals for optical computing applications
- Hybrid buffer‐based optical packet switch with negative acknowledgment for multilevel data centers
- Application of photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators for realizing all optical 3-to-8 decoder
- Power conversion with complete photonic band gap in magneto-photonic crystal slab based on cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet
- Performance comparison of all-optical logic gates using electro-optic effect in MZI-based waveguide switch at 1.46 µm
- Modelling and analysis of chirped long-period grating inscribed in a planer optical waveguide structure for sensing applications
- Comparative study of all-optical INVERTER and BUFFER gates using MZI structure
- Design of multiplexing circuit using electro-optic effect based optical waveguides
- Performance enhancement of ultra-dense WDM over FSO hybrid optical link by incorporating MIMO technique
- A novel proposal based on 2D linear resonant cavity photonic crystals for all-optical NOT, XOR and XNOR logic gates
- All optical NAND/NOR and majority gates using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator
- Proposed model of all optical reversible and irreversible modules on a single photonic circuit
- A photonic crystal based de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing
- An all optical photonic crystal half adder suitable for optical processing applications
- Modelling of symmetrical quadrature optical ring resonator with four different topologies and performance analysis using machine learning approach
- Effect of misalignment on coupling efficiency in laser diode to single-mode circular core graded-index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip
- A critical review of optical switches
- An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation
- Logic gates based on optical transistors
- Compact and ultrafast all optical 1-bit comparator based on wave interference and threshold switching methods
- A high speed all optical half adder using photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators
- Ultrafast all optical XOR gate using photonic crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators
- Investigating the performance of all-optical AND logic gate based on FWM effect in SOA at low power
- Nonlinear optical decoder based on photonic quasi crystal ring resonator structure
- Optical data center switches design and analysis
- Hybrid buffer and AWG based add-drop optical packet switch
- Solitons based optical packet switch analysis
- A photonic transmission link with enhanced dynamic range by incorporating phase shifters in dual drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Using nonlinear ring resonators for designing an all optical comparator
- All optical half subtractor based on linear photonic crystals and phase shift keying technique
- Multi-input single-output (MISO) all optical logic (ALG) AND/NOR gate using FWM in dispersion compensation fibers in Mach-Zehnder configuration (DCF-MZI)
- Wavelength and throughput tuning of FORR-based optical filter using Sagnac effect
- Performance Enhancement of Encoding–Decoding Multidiagonal and Walsh Hadamard Codes for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) Utilizing Dispersion Compensated Fiber
- Impact Analysis of the Number of Core on Hexagonal Multicore Fibre
- Effect of OPC on Fiber Nonlinearities for Dense Soliton Optical Communication Medium
- Sensing of Illegal Drugs by Using Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz Regime
- On characteristic behavior and flattened chromatic dispersion properties of bent photonic crystal fibers
- Ultra high birefringent dispersion flattened fiber in terahertz regime
- Structural dependence of transmission characteristics for photonic crystal fiber with circularly distributed air-holes
- Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fibre with high birefringence and high nonlinearity
- Exploiting higher-order mode dispersion of bend M-type chalcogenide fiber in mid-IR supercontinuum generation
- Design of optoelectronic oscillator based on multiple-length single mode fiber and chirped fiber Bragg grating
- Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber
- High birefringence and broadband dispersion compensation photonic crystal fiber
- Design and analysis of highly nonlinear, low dispersion AlGaAs-based photonic crystal fiber
- Highly negative dispersion compensating fiber with low third order dispersion
- Dispersion properties of single-mode optical fibers in telecommunication region: poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) versus silica
- Influence of Kerr nonlinearity on group delay and modal dispersion parameters of single-mode graded index fibers: evaluation by a simple but accurate method
- Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with D-shaped air holes for terahertz (THz) application
- Simulation and analysis of ultra-low material loss of single-mode photonic crystal fiber in terahertz (THz) spectrum for communication applications
- Investigation of radiation induced luminescence with modulated signal transmission in optical fiber
- Design and analysis of uncoupled heterogeneous trench-assisted multi-core fiber (MCF)
- Simulative study of raised cosine impulse function with Hamming grating profile based Chirp Bragg grating fiber
- Highly Efficient Solar Energy Conversion Using Graded-index Metamaterial Nanostructured Waveguide
- Chaotic Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers with Another Laser and Its Encoding Application in Secret Communication
- Passively Femtosecond Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Oscillator with External Pulse Compressor for Frequency Comb Generation
- Conventional band demultiplexer with high quality factor and transmission power based on four optimized shaped photonic crystal resonators
- Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
- Third order intermodulation and third order intercept in a directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diode
- Evaluation of quantum dot light-emitting diodes synchronization under optically feedback
- Laser diode to single-mode graded index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip: evaluation of coupling efficiency by ABCD matrix formalism
- Enhanced Performance Analysis of 10 Gbit/s–10 GHz OFDM-Based Radio over FSO Transmission System Incorporating ODSB and OSSB Modulation Schemes
- An Ultra-compact Plasmonic Modulator Using Elasto-optic Effect and Resonance Phenomena
- Performance Comparison of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Link Under OOK, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK Modulation Formats in the Presence of Strong Atmospheric Turbulence
- Model for Performance Improvement of Blocking Probability in GMPLS Networks
- Study on P2P Service Bearer Method for Passive Optical Network for Long Distance and Wide Access
- Physical layer impairment-aware ant colony optimization approach in WDM network
- Analysis of Laser Linewidth on the Performance of Direct Detection OFDM Based Backhaul and Backbone Networks
- Radio over fiber based signal transport schemes for emerging mobile fronthaul networks – a review
- A Comparative Study of Performances Between the WDM PON System and the CWDM PON System in an Optical Access Network
- Beam divergence and operating wavelength bands effects on free space optics communication channels in local access networks
- Proactive link handover deploying coordinated transmission for indoor visible light communications (VLC) networks
- Optimized Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Optical Access Networks
- Packet Blocking Performance of Cloud Computing Based Optical Data Centers Networks under Contention Resolution Mechanisms
- Optimization of an EYDWA Amplifier Parameters for a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
- Research on Power Optimization Based on Adaptive Passive Optical Networks
- Towards cloud transport using IP-multiservices access network (MSAN)
- Enhanced redirection strategy for peer to peer services in high-speed and large-capacity ethernet passive optical networks
- Transmission challenges in metropolitan area optical networks
- Performance evaluation of a multihop WDM network with share-per-node L-WIXC architecture
- Performance analysis of hybrid optical amplifiers for multichannel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
- Time-domain Measurement and Analysis of Differential Mode Delay and Modal Bandwidth of Graded-Index Multimode Fiber in SDM Networks
- Seven-channel 1 Gbps TWDM coexistence architecture supporting 65 Gbps optical link for next-generation passive optical network 2–based FTTX access networks
- Link failure recovery using p-cycles in wavelength division multiplex (WDM) mesh networks
- Cascadability analysis of WDM recirculating loop buffer-based switch in optical data networks
- Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks
- A novel framework for content connectivity through optical data centers
- Performance of different hybrid dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) in long reach ultra dense WDM passive optical networks
- Performance investigation of PM-based wavelength remodulation scheme in bidirectional TWDM-PON
- Physical layer analysis of optical wireless data centers
- Novel approach to jointly optimize working and spare capacity of survivable optical networks
- A QoS provisioning architecture of fiber wireless network based on XGPON and IEEE 802.11ac
- Radio over fiber on gigabit passive optical network using QPSK modulation scheme
- Blocking performance of optically switched data networks
- Devices, communication techniques and networks for all optical communication: research issues
- Design and investigation of N1-class next-generation passive optical network-2 (NG-PON2) coexistence architecture in the presence of Kerr effect and four-wave mixing (FWM) for fiber to the home (FTTX) access networks
- Improved algorithm for enhance robustness of IPTV based on GEPON
- Simultaneous distribution of wired and two 2 × 2 MIMO wireless OFDM signals over an integrated RoF-PON system
- Analyzing optical TDMA to mitigate interference in downlink LiFi optical attocell networks
- Light fidelity optical network a comparative performance evaluation
- Theory of chaos synchronization and quasi-period synchronization of an all optic 2n-D LAN
- Performance of high scalability hybrid system of 10G-TDM-OCDMA-PON based on 2D-SWZCC code
- Performance analysis of APD and PIN diode with and without EDFA in GPON
- Improved Performance Investigation of 10 Gb/s–10 GHz 4-QAM Based OFDM-Ro-FSO Transmission Link
- Feasibility Analysis of Optical Wireless Communication for Indian Tropical and Subtropical Climates
- 40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format
- Performance Analysis of Shift ZCC Codes and Multi Diagonal Codes in 100 Gbps MDM-FSO System
- Combined Envelope Scaling with Modified SLM Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM-Based VLC Systems
- Empirical Evaluation of High-speed Cost-effective Ro-FSO System by Incorporating OCDMA-PDM Scheme under the Presence of Fog
- Satellite-to-Ground FSO System Based on Multiaperture Receivers as an Optimization Solution for Strong Turbulence and Fog Conditions
- Performance analysis of NRZ and RZ variants for FSO communication system under different weather conditions
- Free space optics communication system design using iterative optimization
- Optical wireless systems with ASK & PSK using coupler-based delay line filter
- Probing of nonlinear impairments in long range optical transmission systems
- Design and Investigation of Free Space Optical System for Diverse Atmospheric Transmission Windows
- The performance comparison of hybrid WDM/TDM, TDM and WDM PONs with 128 ONUs
- Performance evaluation of a multiple optical link FSO–FSO
- Analysis the flat gain/noise figure using RAMAN-Reflective Semiconductor Hybrid Optical Amplifier in C + L + U triple band for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system
- Design improvement to reduce noise effect in CDMA multiple access optical systems based on new (2-D) code using spectral/spatial half-matrix technique
- High-speed signal processing and wide band optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems
- 2 × 20 Gbit/s OFDM-based FSO transmission system for HAP-to-ground links incorporating mode division multiplexing with enhanced detection
- Radio-over-fiber front-haul link design using optisystem
- A 2 × 20 Gbps hybrid MDM-OFDM–based high-altitude platform-to-satellite FSO transmission system
- Analysis of hybrid integrated-alternate mark inversion (I-AMI) modulation and symmetrical-symmetrical-post (SSP) dispersion compensation technique in single-tone radio over fiber (RoF) system
- Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and orthogonal frequency division multicarrier (OFDM) based visible light communication systems
- Development and performance improvement of a novel zero cross-correlation code for SAC-OCDMA systems
- Comparative analysis of SISO and wavelength diversity-based FSO systems at different transmitter power levels
- Effect of adverse weather conditions and pointing error on the performance of 2-D WH/TS OCDMA over FSO link
- Performance of LED for line-of-sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communication system
- Underwater wireless optical communication: a case study of chlorophyll effect
- Subcarrier multiplexed radio over fiber system with optical single sideband modulation
- Performance investigation of free space optics link employing polarization division multiplexing and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing under different link parameters
- Performance analysis of FSO link under the effect of fog in Delhi region, India
- Design and analysis of full duplex RoF system with efficient phase noise cancellation from a coherent RoF system
- Mathematical modeling of optical impairments in DSP based WDM coherent system
- Analysis of 64 channels based IS-OWC system using different intereference reduction techniques
- Effects of local oscillator on the performance of DP-QPSK WDM system with channel spacing of 37.5 GHz
- Dual band radio-over-fibre millimetre–wave system utilizing optical frequency combs
- Full duplex dispersion compensating system based on chromatic dispersion in analog RoF links
- Performance enhancement of Raman + EYDFA HOA for UD-WDM system applications
- Crosstalk characterization in homogeneous multicore fiber using discrete changes model under bidirectional propagation
- Analysis three dispersion compensation techniques using DCF
- Electrocardiogram transmission over OFDM system
- A multilayers adaptive ALACO-OFDM for spectral efficiency improvement using PSO algorithm in visible light communication systems
- A comprehensive road map of modern communication through free-space optics
- Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based 60-GHz transmission over turbulent free-space optical link
- Design of 16 × 40 Gbps hybrid PDM-WDM FSO communication system and its performance comparison with the traditional model under diverse weather conditions of Bangladesh
- Next generation optical wireless communication: a comprehensive review
- A companding approach for PAPR suppression in OFDM based massive MIMO system
- Characterization of terrestrial FSO link performance for 850 and 1310 nm transmission wavelengths
- Analysis of nonlinear behavior of multimode spatial laser beams with high stability and coherence for medical applications
- Performance of a free space optical link employing DCO-OFDM modulated Gaussian-beam
- Nonlinear/dispersion compensation in dual polarization 128-QAM system incorporating optical backpropagation
- New encoding/decoding design of SAC-OCDMA system with fixed correlation zone code
- Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
- Dimming controlled multi header pulse position modulation (MH-PPM) for visible light communication system
- 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) for undersea wireless optical communication
- Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth
- On the transmission of data packets through fiber-optic cables of uniform index
- Performance analysis of WDM free space optics transmission system using MIMO technique under various atmospheric conditions
- Review on nonlinearity effect in radio over fiber system and its mitigation
- Improving the optical link for UVLC using MIMO technique
- A review on signal generation techniques in radio over fiber systems
- FBMC OQAM: novel variant of OFDM
- A 120 Mbps WDM-based VLC system for implementation of Internet of Things
- Physical layer security analysis of a dual-hop hybrid RF-VLC system
- Application scheme and performance analysis of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT
- Artificial intelligence based optical performance monitoring
- Mobility aware of WDM-based CMO OFDM communication system
- Design and performance analysis of spectral-efficient hybrid CPDM-CO-OFDM FSO communication system under diverse weather conditions
- An approach to ensure joint illumination & communication performance of a forward error corrected indoor visible light communication (VLC) system in presence of ambient light interference
- A Large-Capacity Optical Switch Design for High-Speed Optical Data Centers
- Performance Analysis of OWC Using NOP Technique
- Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Buffer-Based Optical Packet Switch Router
- Modeling C2 n by Inclusion of Rainfall Parameter and Validate Modified Log Normal and Gamma-Gamma Model on FSO Communication Link
- Enhancement of reliability and security in spatial diversity FSO-CDMA wiretap channel
- FSO-Based Analysis of LTE-A MAC Protocols to Achieve Improved QoS
- Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment for efficient traffic grooming
- High Birefringence and Negative Dispersion Based Modified Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers: A Numerical Study
- Impact of Pointing Error on the BER Performance of an OFDM Optical Wireless Communication Link over Turbulent Condition
- A receiver intensity for Super Lorentz Gaussian beam (SLG) propagation via the moderate turbulent atmosphere using a novelty mathematical model
- Performances of BICM-ID system using CRSC code in optical transmissions
- 128-QAM dual-polarization chaotic long-haul system performance evaluation
- Suppression of nonlinear noise in a high-speed optical channel with variable dispersion compensation
- Radio over fiber (RoF) link modelling using cross term memory polynomial
- An investigation of 16-QAM signal transmission over turbulent RoFSO link modeled by gamma–gamma distribution
- Design of 320 Gbps hybrid AMI-PDM-WDM FSO link and its performance comparison with traditional models under diverse weather conditions
- Non-linear companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in generalized frequency division multiplexing
- Implementation of wavelet transform based non-Hermitian symmetry OFDM for indoor VLC system using Raspberry Pi
- PAPR reduction scheme for optical OFDM techniques
- Investigations with all optical sequential circuit at higher data rate
- Error performance analysis of optical communication over Lognormal-Rician turbulence channel using Gram-Charlier Series
- A simple but accurate method for prediction of splice loss in mono-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers in presence of Kerr nonlinearity
- Simulation modeling of free space optical communication system
- Digital predistortion of radio over fiber (RoF) link using hybrid Memetic algorithm
- Design of a low cost and power efficient 200/400 Gbps optical interconnect using DAC-less simplified PAM4 architecture
- Evaluation of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with different modulation formats
- Performance analysis of DP-MZM radio over fiber links against fiber impairments
