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Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks

  • Luae Al-Tarawneh EMAIL logo , Ali Alqatawneh , Ashraf Tahat and Omar Saraereh
Published/Copyright: December 21, 2020
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Journal of Optical Communications
From the journal Journal of Optical Communications Volume 44 Issue s1

Abstract

The requirement for the huge bandwidth-demanding applications has urged researchers to develop improved data pipes that could allow smooth data flow. Revolutionary growth has been witnessed in the domain of the telecommunication industry, which has opened new horizons for connectivity among humans and devices alike especially, in the era of 5G. The advancement from TDM multiplexed signal transmitted over copper wire to the flexible and smart grid along with ethernet passive optical networks or space division multiplexed over optic fiber introducing enormous speed in 100 of Gbps has contributed to the fastest communication. The heterogeneous structure and network complexity require the automating of telecommunication services which have been assisted with the incorporation of machine learning and artificial intelligence, highlighting the new era of communication with the reliability and fastest accessibility. This survey reports the evolution of optical carrier generations and advancement in networks along with the fundamental achievements to comprehend the supportive competition while highlighting the gaps and challenges for future work.

Keywords: Internet of things; machine learning; next generation networks; optical entities; optical networks
Corresponding author: Luae Al-Tarawneh, PhD, Communications Engineering, The King Abdullah II School for Electrical Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan, E-mail:

  1. Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2020-05-15
Accepted: 2020-11-19
Published Online: 2020-12-21

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Amplifiers
  3. Editorial
  4. Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)
  5. The effect of doping on the electrons and holes in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
  6. Performance analysis and parameter optimization of all-optical encryption using the FWM effect in semiconductor optical amplifier
  7. Total gain of InTlAsSb quantum dot structures
  8. Gain-forming effect on optical signal-to-noise ratio in Raman fiber amplifier
  9. Design of EDFA based 16 channel WDM system using counter directional high pump power
  10. Polarization rotation-based all-optical AND gate using single semiconductor optical amplifier and implementation of a majority gate
  11. Performance analysis on double-pass thulium-doped fiber amplifier for 16-channel WDM system at S-band
  12. Design of optical packet switch in presence of dispersion compensation and amplifier noise
  13. Alternative method of implementation of all-optical NOR and NAND gates using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in non-interferometer structure
  14. Detectors
  15. A long-reach radio over free space optics (Ro-FSO) system using hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-multibeam concept with enhanced detection
  16. BER performance analysis of FSO using hybrid-SIM technique with APD receiver over weak and strong turbulence channels
  17. High-speed and long-reach PON employing PM-DQPSK signal and coherent receiver
  18. Devices
  19. Multi-Layer Graded-Index Planar Structure for Coarse WDM Demultiplexing
  20. Photonic Crystal-Based All-Optical Half Adder with High Contrast Ratio
  21. Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB) for Signal Power Amplitude Level Improvement in Long Spectral Band
  22. Performance analysis of carrier depletion silicon PIN phase shifter
  23. Design of Optical 4 × 2 Encoder Using Cross Layered Chalcogenide2D-PC Resonator
  24. 1 × 2 plasmonic wavelength demultiplexer using rectangular MIM waveguide
  25. Compact and efficient PC-based directional coupler all-optical switch
  26. All-optical integrated 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer circuit with enable using SOA based MZI
  27. All optical half subtractor based on threshold switching and beams interference mechanisms
  28. An All Optical Photonic Crystal Based XOR Gate for BPSK Signals
  29. Four bits data sequence generators based ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for upgrading maximum Q factor and minimum BER
  30. Design and optimization of all-optical demultiplexer using photonic crystals for optical computing applications
  31. Hybrid buffer‐based optical packet switch with negative acknowledgment for multilevel data centers
  32. Application of photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators for realizing all optical 3-to-8 decoder
  33. Power conversion with complete photonic band gap in magneto-photonic crystal slab based on cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet
  34. Performance comparison of all-optical logic gates using electro-optic effect in MZI-based waveguide switch at 1.46 µm
  35. Modelling and analysis of chirped long-period grating inscribed in a planer optical waveguide structure for sensing applications
  36. Comparative study of all-optical INVERTER and BUFFER gates using MZI structure
  37. Design of multiplexing circuit using electro-optic effect based optical waveguides
  38. Performance enhancement of ultra-dense WDM over FSO hybrid optical link by incorporating MIMO technique
  39. A novel proposal based on 2D linear resonant cavity photonic crystals for all-optical NOT, XOR and XNOR logic gates
  40. All optical NAND/NOR and majority gates using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator
  41. Proposed model of all optical reversible and irreversible modules on a single photonic circuit
  42. A photonic crystal based de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing
  43. An all optical photonic crystal half adder suitable for optical processing applications
  44. Modelling of symmetrical quadrature optical ring resonator with four different topologies and performance analysis using machine learning approach
  45. Effect of misalignment on coupling efficiency in laser diode to single-mode circular core graded-index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip
  46. A critical review of optical switches
  47. An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation
  48. Logic gates based on optical transistors
  49. Compact and ultrafast all optical 1-bit comparator based on wave interference and threshold switching methods
  50. A high speed all optical half adder using photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators
  51. Ultrafast all optical XOR gate using photonic crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators
  52. Investigating the performance of all-optical AND logic gate based on FWM effect in SOA at low power
  53. Nonlinear optical decoder based on photonic quasi crystal ring resonator structure
  54. Optical data center switches design and analysis
  55. Hybrid buffer and AWG based add-drop optical packet switch
  56. Solitons based optical packet switch analysis
  57. A photonic transmission link with enhanced dynamic range by incorporating phase shifters in dual drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
  58. Using nonlinear ring resonators for designing an all optical comparator
  59. All optical half subtractor based on linear photonic crystals and phase shift keying technique
  60. Multi-input single-output (MISO) all optical logic (ALG) AND/NOR gate using FWM in dispersion compensation fibers in Mach-Zehnder configuration (DCF-MZI)
  61. Wavelength and throughput tuning of FORR-based optical filter using Sagnac effect
  62. Performance Enhancement of Encoding–Decoding Multidiagonal and Walsh Hadamard Codes for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) Utilizing Dispersion Compensated Fiber
  63. Impact Analysis of the Number of Core on Hexagonal Multicore Fibre
  64. Effect of OPC on Fiber Nonlinearities for Dense Soliton Optical Communication Medium
  65. Sensing of Illegal Drugs by Using Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz Regime
  66. On characteristic behavior and flattened chromatic dispersion properties of bent photonic crystal fibers
  67. Ultra high birefringent dispersion flattened fiber in terahertz regime
  68. Structural dependence of transmission characteristics for photonic crystal fiber with circularly distributed air-holes
  69. Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fibre with high birefringence and high nonlinearity
  70. Exploiting higher-order mode dispersion of bend M-type chalcogenide fiber in mid-IR supercontinuum generation
  71. Design of optoelectronic oscillator based on multiple-length single mode fiber and chirped fiber Bragg grating
  72. Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber
  73. High birefringence and broadband dispersion compensation photonic crystal fiber
  74. Design and analysis of highly nonlinear, low dispersion AlGaAs-based photonic crystal fiber
  75. Highly negative dispersion compensating fiber with low third order dispersion
  76. Dispersion properties of single-mode optical fibers in telecommunication region: poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) versus silica
  77. Influence of Kerr nonlinearity on group delay and modal dispersion parameters of single-mode graded index fibers: evaluation by a simple but accurate method
  78. Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with D-shaped air holes for terahertz (THz) application
  79. Simulation and analysis of ultra-low material loss of single-mode photonic crystal fiber in terahertz (THz) spectrum for communication applications
  80. Investigation of radiation induced luminescence with modulated signal transmission in optical fiber
  81. Design and analysis of uncoupled heterogeneous trench-assisted multi-core fiber (MCF)
  82. Simulative study of raised cosine impulse function with Hamming grating profile based Chirp Bragg grating fiber
  83. Highly Efficient Solar Energy Conversion Using Graded-index Metamaterial Nanostructured Waveguide
  84. Chaotic Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers with Another Laser and Its Encoding Application in Secret Communication
  85. Passively Femtosecond Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Oscillator with External Pulse Compressor for Frequency Comb Generation
  86. Conventional band demultiplexer with high quality factor and transmission power based on four optimized shaped photonic crystal resonators
  87. Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
  88. Third order intermodulation and third order intercept in a directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diode
  89. Evaluation of quantum dot light-emitting diodes synchronization under optically feedback
  90. Laser diode to single-mode graded index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip: evaluation of coupling efficiency by ABCD matrix formalism
  91. Enhanced Performance Analysis of 10 Gbit/s–10 GHz OFDM-Based Radio over FSO Transmission System Incorporating ODSB and OSSB Modulation Schemes
  92. An Ultra-compact Plasmonic Modulator Using Elasto-optic Effect and Resonance Phenomena
  93. Performance Comparison of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Link Under OOK, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK Modulation Formats in the Presence of Strong Atmospheric Turbulence
  94. Model for Performance Improvement of Blocking Probability in GMPLS Networks
  95. Study on P2P Service Bearer Method for Passive Optical Network for Long Distance and Wide Access
  96. Physical layer impairment-aware ant colony optimization approach in WDM network
  97. Analysis of Laser Linewidth on the Performance of Direct Detection OFDM Based Backhaul and Backbone Networks
  98. Radio over fiber based signal transport schemes for emerging mobile fronthaul networks – a review
  99. A Comparative Study of Performances Between the WDM PON System and the CWDM PON System in an Optical Access Network
  100. Beam divergence and operating wavelength bands effects on free space optics communication channels in local access networks
  101. Proactive link handover deploying coordinated transmission for indoor visible light communications (VLC) networks
  102. Optimized Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Optical Access Networks
  103. Packet Blocking Performance of Cloud Computing Based Optical Data Centers Networks under Contention Resolution Mechanisms
  104. Optimization of an EYDWA Amplifier Parameters for a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
  105. Research on Power Optimization Based on Adaptive Passive Optical Networks
  106. Towards cloud transport using IP-multiservices access network (MSAN)
  107. Enhanced redirection strategy for peer to peer services in high-speed and large-capacity ethernet passive optical networks
  108. Transmission challenges in metropolitan area optical networks
  109. Performance evaluation of a multihop WDM network with share-per-node L-WIXC architecture
  110. Performance analysis of hybrid optical amplifiers for multichannel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
  111. Time-domain Measurement and Analysis of Differential Mode Delay and Modal Bandwidth of Graded-Index Multimode Fiber in SDM Networks
  112. Seven-channel 1 Gbps TWDM coexistence architecture supporting 65 Gbps optical link for next-generation passive optical network 2–based FTTX access networks
  113. Link failure recovery using p-cycles in wavelength division multiplex (WDM) mesh networks
  114. Cascadability analysis of WDM recirculating loop buffer-based switch in optical data networks
  115. Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks
  116. A novel framework for content connectivity through optical data centers
  117. Performance of different hybrid dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) in long reach ultra dense WDM passive optical networks
  118. Performance investigation of PM-based wavelength remodulation scheme in bidirectional TWDM-PON
  119. Physical layer analysis of optical wireless data centers
  120. Novel approach to jointly optimize working and spare capacity of survivable optical networks
  121. A QoS provisioning architecture of fiber wireless network based on XGPON and IEEE 802.11ac
  122. Radio over fiber on gigabit passive optical network using QPSK modulation scheme
  123. Blocking performance of optically switched data networks
  124. Devices, communication techniques and networks for all optical communication: research issues
  125. Design and investigation of N1-class next-generation passive optical network-2 (NG-PON2) coexistence architecture in the presence of Kerr effect and four-wave mixing (FWM) for fiber to the home (FTTX) access networks
  126. Improved algorithm for enhance robustness of IPTV based on GEPON
  127. Simultaneous distribution of wired and two 2 × 2 MIMO wireless OFDM signals over an integrated RoF-PON system
  128. Analyzing optical TDMA to mitigate interference in downlink LiFi optical attocell networks
  129. Light fidelity optical network a comparative performance evaluation
  130. Theory of chaos synchronization and quasi-period synchronization of an all optic 2n-D LAN
  131. Performance of high scalability hybrid system of 10G-TDM-OCDMA-PON based on 2D-SWZCC code
  132. Performance analysis of APD and PIN diode with and without EDFA in GPON
  133. Improved Performance Investigation of 10 Gb/s–10 GHz 4-QAM Based OFDM-Ro-FSO Transmission Link
  134. Feasibility Analysis of Optical Wireless Communication for Indian Tropical and Subtropical Climates
  135. 40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format
  136. Performance Analysis of Shift ZCC Codes and Multi Diagonal Codes in 100 Gbps MDM-FSO System
  137. Combined Envelope Scaling with Modified SLM Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM-Based VLC Systems
  138. Empirical Evaluation of High-speed Cost-effective Ro-FSO System by Incorporating OCDMA-PDM Scheme under the Presence of Fog
  139. Satellite-to-Ground FSO System Based on Multiaperture Receivers as an Optimization Solution for Strong Turbulence and Fog Conditions
  140. Performance analysis of NRZ and RZ variants for FSO communication system under different weather conditions
  141. Free space optics communication system design using iterative optimization
  142. Optical wireless systems with ASK & PSK using coupler-based delay line filter
  143. Probing of nonlinear impairments in long range optical transmission systems
  144. Design and Investigation of Free Space Optical System for Diverse Atmospheric Transmission Windows
  145. The performance comparison of hybrid WDM/TDM, TDM and WDM PONs with 128 ONUs
  146. Performance evaluation of a multiple optical link FSO–FSO
  147. Analysis the flat gain/noise figure using RAMAN-Reflective Semiconductor Hybrid Optical Amplifier in C + L + U triple band for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system
  148. Design improvement to reduce noise effect in CDMA multiple access optical systems based on new (2-D) code using spectral/spatial half-matrix technique
  149. High-speed signal processing and wide band optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems
  150. 2 × 20 Gbit/s OFDM-based FSO transmission system for HAP-to-ground links incorporating mode division multiplexing with enhanced detection
  151. Radio-over-fiber front-haul link design using optisystem
  152. A 2 × 20 Gbps hybrid MDM-OFDM–based high-altitude platform-to-satellite FSO transmission system
  153. Analysis of hybrid integrated-alternate mark inversion (I-AMI) modulation and symmetrical-symmetrical-post (SSP) dispersion compensation technique in single-tone radio over fiber (RoF) system
  154. Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and orthogonal frequency division multicarrier (OFDM) based visible light communication systems
  155. Development and performance improvement of a novel zero cross-correlation code for SAC-OCDMA systems
  156. Comparative analysis of SISO and wavelength diversity-based FSO systems at different transmitter power levels
  157. Effect of adverse weather conditions and pointing error on the performance of 2-D WH/TS OCDMA over FSO link
  158. Performance of LED for line-of-sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communication system
  159. Underwater wireless optical communication: a case study of chlorophyll effect
  160. Subcarrier multiplexed radio over fiber system with optical single sideband modulation
  161. Performance investigation of free space optics link employing polarization division multiplexing and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing under different link parameters
  162. Performance analysis of FSO link under the effect of fog in Delhi region, India
  163. Design and analysis of full duplex RoF system with efficient phase noise cancellation from a coherent RoF system
  164. Mathematical modeling of optical impairments in DSP based WDM coherent system
  165. Analysis of 64 channels based IS-OWC system using different intereference reduction techniques
  166. Effects of local oscillator on the performance of DP-QPSK WDM system with channel spacing of 37.5 GHz
  167. Dual band radio-over-fibre millimetre–wave system utilizing optical frequency combs
  168. Full duplex dispersion compensating system based on chromatic dispersion in analog RoF links
  169. Performance enhancement of Raman + EYDFA HOA for UD-WDM system applications
  170. Crosstalk characterization in homogeneous multicore fiber using discrete changes model under bidirectional propagation
  171. Analysis three dispersion compensation techniques using DCF
  172. Electrocardiogram transmission over OFDM system
  173. A multilayers adaptive ALACO-OFDM for spectral efficiency improvement using PSO algorithm in visible light communication systems
  174. A comprehensive road map of modern communication through free-space optics
  175. Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based 60-GHz transmission over turbulent free-space optical link
  176. Design of 16 × 40 Gbps hybrid PDM-WDM FSO communication system and its performance comparison with the traditional model under diverse weather conditions of Bangladesh
  177. Next generation optical wireless communication: a comprehensive review
  178. A companding approach for PAPR suppression in OFDM based massive MIMO system
  179. Characterization of terrestrial FSO link performance for 850 and 1310 nm transmission wavelengths
  180. Analysis of nonlinear behavior of multimode spatial laser beams with high stability and coherence for medical applications
  181. Performance of a free space optical link employing DCO-OFDM modulated Gaussian-beam
  182. Nonlinear/dispersion compensation in dual polarization 128-QAM system incorporating optical backpropagation
  183. New encoding/decoding design of SAC-OCDMA system with fixed correlation zone code
  184. Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
  185. Dimming controlled multi header pulse position modulation (MH-PPM) for visible light communication system
  186. 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) for undersea wireless optical communication
  187. Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth
  188. On the transmission of data packets through fiber-optic cables of uniform index
  189. Performance analysis of WDM free space optics transmission system using MIMO technique under various atmospheric conditions
  190. Review on nonlinearity effect in radio over fiber system and its mitigation
  191. Improving the optical link for UVLC using MIMO technique
  192. A review on signal generation techniques in radio over fiber systems
  193. FBMC OQAM: novel variant of OFDM
  194. A 120 Mbps WDM-based VLC system for implementation of Internet of Things
  195. Physical layer security analysis of a dual-hop hybrid RF-VLC system
  196. Application scheme and performance analysis of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT
  197. Artificial intelligence based optical performance monitoring
  198. Mobility aware of WDM-based CMO OFDM communication system
  199. Design and performance analysis of spectral-efficient hybrid CPDM-CO-OFDM FSO communication system under diverse weather conditions
  200. An approach to ensure joint illumination & communication performance of a forward error corrected indoor visible light communication (VLC) system in presence of ambient light interference
  201. A Large-Capacity Optical Switch Design for High-Speed Optical Data Centers
  202. Performance Analysis of OWC Using NOP Technique
  203. Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Buffer-Based Optical Packet Switch Router
  204. Modeling C2 n by Inclusion of Rainfall Parameter and Validate Modified Log Normal and Gamma-Gamma Model on FSO Communication Link
  205. Enhancement of reliability and security in spatial diversity FSO-CDMA wiretap channel
  206. FSO-Based Analysis of LTE-A MAC Protocols to Achieve Improved QoS
  207. Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment for efficient traffic grooming
  208. High Birefringence and Negative Dispersion Based Modified Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers: A Numerical Study
  209. Impact of Pointing Error on the BER Performance of an OFDM Optical Wireless Communication Link over Turbulent Condition
  210. A receiver intensity for Super Lorentz Gaussian beam (SLG) propagation via the moderate turbulent atmosphere using a novelty mathematical model
  211. Performances of BICM-ID system using CRSC code in optical transmissions
  212. 128-QAM dual-polarization chaotic long-haul system performance evaluation
  213. Suppression of nonlinear noise in a high-speed optical channel with variable dispersion compensation
  214. Radio over fiber (RoF) link modelling using cross term memory polynomial
  215. An investigation of 16-QAM signal transmission over turbulent RoFSO link modeled by gamma–gamma distribution
  216. Design of 320 Gbps hybrid AMI-PDM-WDM FSO link and its performance comparison with traditional models under diverse weather conditions
  217. Non-linear companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in generalized frequency division multiplexing
  218. Implementation of wavelet transform based non-Hermitian symmetry OFDM for indoor VLC system using Raspberry Pi
  219. PAPR reduction scheme for optical OFDM techniques
  220. Investigations with all optical sequential circuit at higher data rate
  221. Error performance analysis of optical communication over Lognormal-Rician turbulence channel using Gram-Charlier Series
  222. A simple but accurate method for prediction of splice loss in mono-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers in presence of Kerr nonlinearity
  223. Simulation modeling of free space optical communication system
  224. Digital predistortion of radio over fiber (RoF) link using hybrid Memetic algorithm
  225. Design of a low cost and power efficient 200/400 Gbps optical interconnect using DAC-less simplified PAM4 architecture
  226. Evaluation of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with different modulation formats
  227. Performance analysis of DP-MZM radio over fiber links against fiber impairments
https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0108
Keywords for this article
Internet of things; machine learning; next generation networks; optical entities; optical networks

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Amplifiers
  3. Editorial
  4. Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)
  5. The effect of doping on the electrons and holes in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
  6. Performance analysis and parameter optimization of all-optical encryption using the FWM effect in semiconductor optical amplifier
  7. Total gain of InTlAsSb quantum dot structures
  8. Gain-forming effect on optical signal-to-noise ratio in Raman fiber amplifier
  9. Design of EDFA based 16 channel WDM system using counter directional high pump power
  10. Polarization rotation-based all-optical AND gate using single semiconductor optical amplifier and implementation of a majority gate
  11. Performance analysis on double-pass thulium-doped fiber amplifier for 16-channel WDM system at S-band
  12. Design of optical packet switch in presence of dispersion compensation and amplifier noise
  13. Alternative method of implementation of all-optical NOR and NAND gates using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in non-interferometer structure
  14. Detectors
  15. A long-reach radio over free space optics (Ro-FSO) system using hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-multibeam concept with enhanced detection
  16. BER performance analysis of FSO using hybrid-SIM technique with APD receiver over weak and strong turbulence channels
  17. High-speed and long-reach PON employing PM-DQPSK signal and coherent receiver
  18. Devices
  19. Multi-Layer Graded-Index Planar Structure for Coarse WDM Demultiplexing
  20. Photonic Crystal-Based All-Optical Half Adder with High Contrast Ratio
  21. Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB) for Signal Power Amplitude Level Improvement in Long Spectral Band
  22. Performance analysis of carrier depletion silicon PIN phase shifter
  23. Design of Optical 4 × 2 Encoder Using Cross Layered Chalcogenide2D-PC Resonator
  24. 1 × 2 plasmonic wavelength demultiplexer using rectangular MIM waveguide
  25. Compact and efficient PC-based directional coupler all-optical switch
  26. All-optical integrated 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer circuit with enable using SOA based MZI
  27. All optical half subtractor based on threshold switching and beams interference mechanisms
  28. An All Optical Photonic Crystal Based XOR Gate for BPSK Signals
  29. Four bits data sequence generators based ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for upgrading maximum Q factor and minimum BER
  30. Design and optimization of all-optical demultiplexer using photonic crystals for optical computing applications
  31. Hybrid buffer‐based optical packet switch with negative acknowledgment for multilevel data centers
  32. Application of photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators for realizing all optical 3-to-8 decoder
  33. Power conversion with complete photonic band gap in magneto-photonic crystal slab based on cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet
  34. Performance comparison of all-optical logic gates using electro-optic effect in MZI-based waveguide switch at 1.46 µm
  35. Modelling and analysis of chirped long-period grating inscribed in a planer optical waveguide structure for sensing applications
  36. Comparative study of all-optical INVERTER and BUFFER gates using MZI structure
  37. Design of multiplexing circuit using electro-optic effect based optical waveguides
  38. Performance enhancement of ultra-dense WDM over FSO hybrid optical link by incorporating MIMO technique
  39. A novel proposal based on 2D linear resonant cavity photonic crystals for all-optical NOT, XOR and XNOR logic gates
  40. All optical NAND/NOR and majority gates using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator
  41. Proposed model of all optical reversible and irreversible modules on a single photonic circuit
  42. A photonic crystal based de-multiplexer with uniform channel spacing
  43. An all optical photonic crystal half adder suitable for optical processing applications
  44. Modelling of symmetrical quadrature optical ring resonator with four different topologies and performance analysis using machine learning approach
  45. Effect of misalignment on coupling efficiency in laser diode to single-mode circular core graded-index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip
  46. A critical review of optical switches
  47. An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation
  48. Logic gates based on optical transistors
  49. Compact and ultrafast all optical 1-bit comparator based on wave interference and threshold switching methods
  50. A high speed all optical half adder using photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators
  51. Ultrafast all optical XOR gate using photonic crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators
  52. Investigating the performance of all-optical AND logic gate based on FWM effect in SOA at low power
  53. Nonlinear optical decoder based on photonic quasi crystal ring resonator structure
  54. Optical data center switches design and analysis
  55. Hybrid buffer and AWG based add-drop optical packet switch
  56. Solitons based optical packet switch analysis
  57. A photonic transmission link with enhanced dynamic range by incorporating phase shifters in dual drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
  58. Using nonlinear ring resonators for designing an all optical comparator
  59. All optical half subtractor based on linear photonic crystals and phase shift keying technique
  60. Multi-input single-output (MISO) all optical logic (ALG) AND/NOR gate using FWM in dispersion compensation fibers in Mach-Zehnder configuration (DCF-MZI)
  61. Wavelength and throughput tuning of FORR-based optical filter using Sagnac effect
  62. Performance Enhancement of Encoding–Decoding Multidiagonal and Walsh Hadamard Codes for Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) Utilizing Dispersion Compensated Fiber
  63. Impact Analysis of the Number of Core on Hexagonal Multicore Fibre
  64. Effect of OPC on Fiber Nonlinearities for Dense Soliton Optical Communication Medium
  65. Sensing of Illegal Drugs by Using Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz Regime
  66. On characteristic behavior and flattened chromatic dispersion properties of bent photonic crystal fibers
  67. Ultra high birefringent dispersion flattened fiber in terahertz regime
  68. Structural dependence of transmission characteristics for photonic crystal fiber with circularly distributed air-holes
  69. Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fibre with high birefringence and high nonlinearity
  70. Exploiting higher-order mode dispersion of bend M-type chalcogenide fiber in mid-IR supercontinuum generation
  71. Design of optoelectronic oscillator based on multiple-length single mode fiber and chirped fiber Bragg grating
  72. Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber
  73. High birefringence and broadband dispersion compensation photonic crystal fiber
  74. Design and analysis of highly nonlinear, low dispersion AlGaAs-based photonic crystal fiber
  75. Highly negative dispersion compensating fiber with low third order dispersion
  76. Dispersion properties of single-mode optical fibers in telecommunication region: poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) versus silica
  77. Influence of Kerr nonlinearity on group delay and modal dispersion parameters of single-mode graded index fibers: evaluation by a simple but accurate method
  78. Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with D-shaped air holes for terahertz (THz) application
  79. Simulation and analysis of ultra-low material loss of single-mode photonic crystal fiber in terahertz (THz) spectrum for communication applications
  80. Investigation of radiation induced luminescence with modulated signal transmission in optical fiber
  81. Design and analysis of uncoupled heterogeneous trench-assisted multi-core fiber (MCF)
  82. Simulative study of raised cosine impulse function with Hamming grating profile based Chirp Bragg grating fiber
  83. Highly Efficient Solar Energy Conversion Using Graded-index Metamaterial Nanostructured Waveguide
  84. Chaotic Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers with Another Laser and Its Encoding Application in Secret Communication
  85. Passively Femtosecond Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Oscillator with External Pulse Compressor for Frequency Comb Generation
  86. Conventional band demultiplexer with high quality factor and transmission power based on four optimized shaped photonic crystal resonators
  87. Different modulation schemes for direct and external modulators based on various laser sources
  88. Third order intermodulation and third order intercept in a directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diode
  89. Evaluation of quantum dot light-emitting diodes synchronization under optically feedback
  90. Laser diode to single-mode graded index fiber coupling via cylindrical microlens on the fiber tip: evaluation of coupling efficiency by ABCD matrix formalism
  91. Enhanced Performance Analysis of 10 Gbit/s–10 GHz OFDM-Based Radio over FSO Transmission System Incorporating ODSB and OSSB Modulation Schemes
  92. An Ultra-compact Plasmonic Modulator Using Elasto-optic Effect and Resonance Phenomena
  93. Performance Comparison of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Link Under OOK, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK Modulation Formats in the Presence of Strong Atmospheric Turbulence
  94. Model for Performance Improvement of Blocking Probability in GMPLS Networks
  95. Study on P2P Service Bearer Method for Passive Optical Network for Long Distance and Wide Access
  96. Physical layer impairment-aware ant colony optimization approach in WDM network
  97. Analysis of Laser Linewidth on the Performance of Direct Detection OFDM Based Backhaul and Backbone Networks
  98. Radio over fiber based signal transport schemes for emerging mobile fronthaul networks – a review
  99. A Comparative Study of Performances Between the WDM PON System and the CWDM PON System in an Optical Access Network
  100. Beam divergence and operating wavelength bands effects on free space optics communication channels in local access networks
  101. Proactive link handover deploying coordinated transmission for indoor visible light communications (VLC) networks
  102. Optimized Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Optical Access Networks
  103. Packet Blocking Performance of Cloud Computing Based Optical Data Centers Networks under Contention Resolution Mechanisms
  104. Optimization of an EYDWA Amplifier Parameters for a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
  105. Research on Power Optimization Based on Adaptive Passive Optical Networks
  106. Towards cloud transport using IP-multiservices access network (MSAN)
  107. Enhanced redirection strategy for peer to peer services in high-speed and large-capacity ethernet passive optical networks
  108. Transmission challenges in metropolitan area optical networks
  109. Performance evaluation of a multihop WDM network with share-per-node L-WIXC architecture
  110. Performance analysis of hybrid optical amplifiers for multichannel wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
  111. Time-domain Measurement and Analysis of Differential Mode Delay and Modal Bandwidth of Graded-Index Multimode Fiber in SDM Networks
  112. Seven-channel 1 Gbps TWDM coexistence architecture supporting 65 Gbps optical link for next-generation passive optical network 2–based FTTX access networks
  113. Link failure recovery using p-cycles in wavelength division multiplex (WDM) mesh networks
  114. Cascadability analysis of WDM recirculating loop buffer-based switch in optical data networks
  115. Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks
  116. A novel framework for content connectivity through optical data centers
  117. Performance of different hybrid dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) in long reach ultra dense WDM passive optical networks
  118. Performance investigation of PM-based wavelength remodulation scheme in bidirectional TWDM-PON
  119. Physical layer analysis of optical wireless data centers
  120. Novel approach to jointly optimize working and spare capacity of survivable optical networks
  121. A QoS provisioning architecture of fiber wireless network based on XGPON and IEEE 802.11ac
  122. Radio over fiber on gigabit passive optical network using QPSK modulation scheme
  123. Blocking performance of optically switched data networks
  124. Devices, communication techniques and networks for all optical communication: research issues
  125. Design and investigation of N1-class next-generation passive optical network-2 (NG-PON2) coexistence architecture in the presence of Kerr effect and four-wave mixing (FWM) for fiber to the home (FTTX) access networks
  126. Improved algorithm for enhance robustness of IPTV based on GEPON
  127. Simultaneous distribution of wired and two 2 × 2 MIMO wireless OFDM signals over an integrated RoF-PON system
  128. Analyzing optical TDMA to mitigate interference in downlink LiFi optical attocell networks
  129. Light fidelity optical network a comparative performance evaluation
  130. Theory of chaos synchronization and quasi-period synchronization of an all optic 2n-D LAN
  131. Performance of high scalability hybrid system of 10G-TDM-OCDMA-PON based on 2D-SWZCC code
  132. Performance analysis of APD and PIN diode with and without EDFA in GPON
  133. Improved Performance Investigation of 10 Gb/s–10 GHz 4-QAM Based OFDM-Ro-FSO Transmission Link
  134. Feasibility Analysis of Optical Wireless Communication for Indian Tropical and Subtropical Climates
  135. 40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format
  136. Performance Analysis of Shift ZCC Codes and Multi Diagonal Codes in 100 Gbps MDM-FSO System
  137. Combined Envelope Scaling with Modified SLM Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM-Based VLC Systems
  138. Empirical Evaluation of High-speed Cost-effective Ro-FSO System by Incorporating OCDMA-PDM Scheme under the Presence of Fog
  139. Satellite-to-Ground FSO System Based on Multiaperture Receivers as an Optimization Solution for Strong Turbulence and Fog Conditions
  140. Performance analysis of NRZ and RZ variants for FSO communication system under different weather conditions
  141. Free space optics communication system design using iterative optimization
  142. Optical wireless systems with ASK & PSK using coupler-based delay line filter
  143. Probing of nonlinear impairments in long range optical transmission systems
  144. Design and Investigation of Free Space Optical System for Diverse Atmospheric Transmission Windows
  145. The performance comparison of hybrid WDM/TDM, TDM and WDM PONs with 128 ONUs
  146. Performance evaluation of a multiple optical link FSO–FSO
  147. Analysis the flat gain/noise figure using RAMAN-Reflective Semiconductor Hybrid Optical Amplifier in C + L + U triple band for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system
  148. Design improvement to reduce noise effect in CDMA multiple access optical systems based on new (2-D) code using spectral/spatial half-matrix technique
  149. High-speed signal processing and wide band optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems
  150. 2 × 20 Gbit/s OFDM-based FSO transmission system for HAP-to-ground links incorporating mode division multiplexing with enhanced detection
  151. Radio-over-fiber front-haul link design using optisystem
  152. A 2 × 20 Gbps hybrid MDM-OFDM–based high-altitude platform-to-satellite FSO transmission system
  153. Analysis of hybrid integrated-alternate mark inversion (I-AMI) modulation and symmetrical-symmetrical-post (SSP) dispersion compensation technique in single-tone radio over fiber (RoF) system
  154. Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and orthogonal frequency division multicarrier (OFDM) based visible light communication systems
  155. Development and performance improvement of a novel zero cross-correlation code for SAC-OCDMA systems
  156. Comparative analysis of SISO and wavelength diversity-based FSO systems at different transmitter power levels
  157. Effect of adverse weather conditions and pointing error on the performance of 2-D WH/TS OCDMA over FSO link
  158. Performance of LED for line-of-sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communication system
  159. Underwater wireless optical communication: a case study of chlorophyll effect
  160. Subcarrier multiplexed radio over fiber system with optical single sideband modulation
  161. Performance investigation of free space optics link employing polarization division multiplexing and coherent detection-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing under different link parameters
  162. Performance analysis of FSO link under the effect of fog in Delhi region, India
  163. Design and analysis of full duplex RoF system with efficient phase noise cancellation from a coherent RoF system
  164. Mathematical modeling of optical impairments in DSP based WDM coherent system
  165. Analysis of 64 channels based IS-OWC system using different intereference reduction techniques
  166. Effects of local oscillator on the performance of DP-QPSK WDM system with channel spacing of 37.5 GHz
  167. Dual band radio-over-fibre millimetre–wave system utilizing optical frequency combs
  168. Full duplex dispersion compensating system based on chromatic dispersion in analog RoF links
  169. Performance enhancement of Raman + EYDFA HOA for UD-WDM system applications
  170. Crosstalk characterization in homogeneous multicore fiber using discrete changes model under bidirectional propagation
  171. Analysis three dispersion compensation techniques using DCF
  172. Electrocardiogram transmission over OFDM system
  173. A multilayers adaptive ALACO-OFDM for spectral efficiency improvement using PSO algorithm in visible light communication systems
  174. A comprehensive road map of modern communication through free-space optics
  175. Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based 60-GHz transmission over turbulent free-space optical link
  176. Design of 16 × 40 Gbps hybrid PDM-WDM FSO communication system and its performance comparison with the traditional model under diverse weather conditions of Bangladesh
  177. Next generation optical wireless communication: a comprehensive review
  178. A companding approach for PAPR suppression in OFDM based massive MIMO system
  179. Characterization of terrestrial FSO link performance for 850 and 1310 nm transmission wavelengths
  180. Analysis of nonlinear behavior of multimode spatial laser beams with high stability and coherence for medical applications
  181. Performance of a free space optical link employing DCO-OFDM modulated Gaussian-beam
  182. Nonlinear/dispersion compensation in dual polarization 128-QAM system incorporating optical backpropagation
  183. New encoding/decoding design of SAC-OCDMA system with fixed correlation zone code
  184. Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system
  185. Dimming controlled multi header pulse position modulation (MH-PPM) for visible light communication system
  186. 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) for undersea wireless optical communication
  187. Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth
  188. On the transmission of data packets through fiber-optic cables of uniform index
  189. Performance analysis of WDM free space optics transmission system using MIMO technique under various atmospheric conditions
  190. Review on nonlinearity effect in radio over fiber system and its mitigation
  191. Improving the optical link for UVLC using MIMO technique
  192. A review on signal generation techniques in radio over fiber systems
  193. FBMC OQAM: novel variant of OFDM
  194. A 120 Mbps WDM-based VLC system for implementation of Internet of Things
  195. Physical layer security analysis of a dual-hop hybrid RF-VLC system
  196. Application scheme and performance analysis of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT
  197. Artificial intelligence based optical performance monitoring
  198. Mobility aware of WDM-based CMO OFDM communication system
  199. Design and performance analysis of spectral-efficient hybrid CPDM-CO-OFDM FSO communication system under diverse weather conditions
  200. An approach to ensure joint illumination & communication performance of a forward error corrected indoor visible light communication (VLC) system in presence of ambient light interference
  201. A Large-Capacity Optical Switch Design for High-Speed Optical Data Centers
  202. Performance Analysis of OWC Using NOP Technique
  203. Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Buffer-Based Optical Packet Switch Router
  204. Modeling C2 n by Inclusion of Rainfall Parameter and Validate Modified Log Normal and Gamma-Gamma Model on FSO Communication Link
  205. Enhancement of reliability and security in spatial diversity FSO-CDMA wiretap channel
  206. FSO-Based Analysis of LTE-A MAC Protocols to Achieve Improved QoS
  207. Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment for efficient traffic grooming
  208. High Birefringence and Negative Dispersion Based Modified Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers: A Numerical Study
  209. Impact of Pointing Error on the BER Performance of an OFDM Optical Wireless Communication Link over Turbulent Condition
  210. A receiver intensity for Super Lorentz Gaussian beam (SLG) propagation via the moderate turbulent atmosphere using a novelty mathematical model
  211. Performances of BICM-ID system using CRSC code in optical transmissions
  212. 128-QAM dual-polarization chaotic long-haul system performance evaluation
  213. Suppression of nonlinear noise in a high-speed optical channel with variable dispersion compensation
  214. Radio over fiber (RoF) link modelling using cross term memory polynomial
  215. An investigation of 16-QAM signal transmission over turbulent RoFSO link modeled by gamma–gamma distribution
  216. Design of 320 Gbps hybrid AMI-PDM-WDM FSO link and its performance comparison with traditional models under diverse weather conditions
  217. Non-linear companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in generalized frequency division multiplexing
  218. Implementation of wavelet transform based non-Hermitian symmetry OFDM for indoor VLC system using Raspberry Pi
  219. PAPR reduction scheme for optical OFDM techniques
  220. Investigations with all optical sequential circuit at higher data rate
  221. Error performance analysis of optical communication over Lognormal-Rician turbulence channel using Gram-Charlier Series
  222. A simple but accurate method for prediction of splice loss in mono-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers in presence of Kerr nonlinearity
  223. Simulation modeling of free space optical communication system
  224. Digital predistortion of radio over fiber (RoF) link using hybrid Memetic algorithm
  225. Design of a low cost and power efficient 200/400 Gbps optical interconnect using DAC-less simplified PAM4 architecture
  226. Evaluation of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system with different modulation formats
  227. Performance analysis of DP-MZM radio over fiber links against fiber impairments
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