Evaluation of Gain Spectrum of Silica-Based Single/Dual-Pumped Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) by Optimizing Its Physical and Pumping Parameters in the Scenario of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems (DWDM)
Abstract
Thulium-doped fiber amplifier is a very proficient broadband fiber amplifier in S-band. Silica-based TDFA is a popular choice due to some of its evident features such as non-toxic nature, easy splicing and simple assembling. In this work, we have simulated and optimized various TDFA’s physical and operational parameters in order to obtain required gain spectra at different channel spacings. Further, a comparative study has been carried out between single and dual-pumped TDFAs. By using dual pumping scheme (1040 nm and 1000 nm) as fundamental source of excitation, maximum gain of 23.31 dB has been achieved at 1468.8 nm in region spanning 1400 nm to 1470 nm wavelengths with noise figure of 3.72 dB.
References
1. Sakamoto T, Aozasa SI, Yamada M, Shimizu M. Hybrid fiber amplifiers consisting of cascaded TDFA and EDFA for WDM signals. J Lightwave Technol. 2006 Jun;24(6):2287–95.10.1109/JLT.2005.863243Search in Google Scholar
2. Singh K, Kaur G, Singh ML. Simultaneous all-optical half-adder, half-subtracter, comparator, and decoder based on nonlinear effects harnessing in highly nonlinear fibers. Opt Eng. 2016 Jul 1;55(7):077104.10.1117/1.OE.55.7.077104Search in Google Scholar
3. Singh K, Kaur G, Singh ML. A cascadable all-optical half-subtracter based on cross-modulation effects in a single highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Opt Quantum Electron. 2016 Sep 1;48(9):418.10.1007/s11082-016-0692-xSearch in Google Scholar
4. Singh K, Kaur G, Singh ML. Performance analysis of an all-optical half-subtracter based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) at 20 Gbps. Optoelectron Adv Mater – Rapid Commun. 2017;11(3/4):189–96.Search in Google Scholar
5. Singh K, Kaur G, Singh ML. Enhanced performance of all-optical half-subtracter based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) by accelerating its gain recovery dynamics. Photon Netw Commun. 2017;34(1):111–30.10.1007/s11107-016-0677-5Search in Google Scholar
6. Singh K, Kaur G, Singh ML. A single As 2 Se 3 chalcogenide highly non-linear fiber (HNLF) based simultaneous all-optical half-adder and half-subtracter. Opt Fiber Technol. 2015 Aug;31(24):56–63.10.1016/j.yofte.2015.04.010Search in Google Scholar
7. Singh K, Kaur G. Interferometric architectures based all-optical logic design methods and their implementations. Opt Laser Technol. 2015 Jun;30(69):122–32.10.1016/j.optlastec.2014.12.027Search in Google Scholar
8. Agrawal GP. Fiber optic communication systems. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1997.Search in Google Scholar
9. Watekar PR, Ju S, Han WT. A small-signal power model for Tm-doped silica-glass optical fiber amplifier. IEEE Photon Technol Lett. 2006 Oct 1;18(19):2035–37.10.1109/LPT.2006.883299Search in Google Scholar
10. Komukai T, Yamamoto T, Sugawa T, Miyajima Y. Up conversion pumped thulium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier and laser operating at 1.47/spl mu/m. IEEE J Quantum Electron. 1995 Nov;31(11):1880–89.10.1109/3.469263Search in Google Scholar
11. Husein AHM, El-Nahal FI. Optimizing the thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) gain and noise figure for S-band 16×10Gb/s WDM systems. Opt-Intern J Light Electron Opt. 2013;124(19):4052–57.10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.12.057Search in Google Scholar
12. Yam SSH, Marhic ME, Sakamoto T, Hu EST, Akasaka Y, Kazovsky LG. Comparison of four wave mixing and cross phase modulation in thulium doped fiber amplifier and S-band discrete Raman amplifier. In Proc OECC. 2002;9D1–9D4.Search in Google Scholar
13. Min B, Lee WJ, Park N. Efficient formulation of Raman amplifier propagation equations with average power analysis. IEEE Photon Technol Lett. 2000;12(11):1486–88.10.1109/68.887702Search in Google Scholar
14. Singh S, Kaler RS. Novel optical flat-gain hybrid amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system. IEEE Photon Technol Lett. 2014;6(2):173–76.10.1109/LPT.2013.2291035Search in Google Scholar
15. Singh S, Kaler RS. Flat-gain L-band Raman-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system. IEEE Photon Technol Lett. 2013;25(3):250–52.10.1109/LPT.2012.2231406Search in Google Scholar
16. Singh S, Kaler RS. Review on recent developments in hybrid optical amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system. Opt Eng. 2015;54(10):100901.10.1117/1.OE.54.10.100901Search in Google Scholar
17. Watekar PR, Ju S, Han WT. Analysis of 1064-nm pumped Tm-doped silica glass fiber amplifier operating at 1470 nm. J Lightwave Technol. 2007 Apr 1;25(4):1045–52.10.1109/JLT.2007.891970Search in Google Scholar
18. Faure B, Blanc W, Dussardier B, Monnom G. Improvement of the Tm 3+: 3 H 4 level lifetime in silica optical fibers by lowering the local phonon energy. J Non-Cryst Sol. 2007 Sep 15;353(29):2767–73.10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.05.025Search in Google Scholar
19. Faure B, Blanc W, Dussardier B, Monnom G, Peterka P Thulium-doped silica-fiber based S-band amplifier with increased efficiency by aluminium co-doping. In Optical Amplifiers and their Applications 2004 Jun 27 (p. OWC2). Optical Society of America.10.1364/OAA.2004.OWC2Search in Google Scholar
20. Emami SD, Harun SW, Abd-Rahman F, Abdul-Rashid HA, Daud SA, Ahmad H. Optimization of the 1050 nm pump power and fiber length in single-pass and double-pass thulium doped fiber amplifiers. Prog Electromagn Res B. 2009;14:431–48.10.2528/PIERB09022503Search in Google Scholar
21. Peterka P, Faure B, Blanc W, Karasek M, Dussardier B. Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fibre amplifiers. Opt Quantum Electron. 2004 Jan 1;36(1):201–12.10.1023/B:OQEL.0000015640.82309.7dSearch in Google Scholar
22. Gomes AS, Carvalho MT, Sundheimer ML, Bastos-Filho CJ, Martins-Filho JF, E Silva MC, et al. Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050+ 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE Photon Technol Lett. 2003 Feb;15(2):200–02.10.1109/LPT.2002.806847Search in Google Scholar
23. Kakkar C, Monnom G, Thyagarajan K, Dussardier B. Inherently gain flattened L+ band TDFA based on W-fiber design. Opt Commun. 2006 Jun 15;262(2):193–99.10.1016/j.optcom.2005.12.059Search in Google Scholar
24. Aozasa S, Masuda H, Shimizu M, Yamada M. Highly efficient S-band thulium-doped fiber amplifier employing high-thulium-concentration doping technique. J Lightwave Technol. 2007 Aug;25(8):2108–14.10.1109/JLT.2007.899793Search in Google Scholar
25. Emami SD, Muhammad AR, Muhamad-Yasin SZ. S-band gain improvement using a thulium–aluminium co-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier. IEEE Photon J. 2014;6(6):1–10.10.1109/JPHOT.2014.2366158Search in Google Scholar
26. Yang J, Zhong H, Zhang S, Fan D. Theoretical characterization of the ultra-broadband gain spectra at ∼1600–2100 nm from thulium-doped fiber amplifier. IEEE Photon J. 2016;8(6):1–10.10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2627542Search in Google Scholar
27. Scott S, Yam H, Kim J. Ground state absorption i n thulium-doped fiber amplifier experiment and modelling. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2006;12(4):797–803.10.1109/JSTQE.2006.876588Search in Google Scholar
28. Desurvire E, Zervas MN. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier principles and applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994.Search in Google Scholar
29. Morkel PR, Laming R. Theoretical modelling of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with excited-state absorption. Opt Letter. 1989;15(19):1062–64.10.1364/OL.14.001062Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques
- Investigations of Different Amplifiers in 16 × 40 Gb/S WDM System
- Effect of Crosstalk in Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System using Hybrid Optical Amplifier
- Evaluation of Gain Spectrum of Silica-Based Single/Dual-Pumped Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) by Optimizing Its Physical and Pumping Parameters in the Scenario of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems (DWDM)
- Devices
- Design of One-Bit Magnitude Comparator using Photonic Crystals
- A Novel Scheme for UDWDM-PON Broadband Access Network Using Injection-Locked Phase-to-Intensity Modulation Converter
- Loss-Less Elliptical Channel Drop Filter for WDM Applications
- Investigations with Reversible Feynman Gate and Irreversible Logic Schematics
- Analysis and Design of Coherent Combining of two Q-Switched Fiber Laser in Mach-Zehnder Type Cavity
- Fibers
- Proposed Square Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber for Extremely High Nonlinearity, Birefringence and Ultra-High Negative Dispersion Compensation
- Ultra-low Loss with Single Mode Polymer-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Waveguide
- Measurements
- Investigation on Full Duplex WDM Hybrid Sensor to Measure the Strain
- Networks
- An Easy In-Service Optical IP Network System for Residential Complex, Employing 1550 nm-Band CWDM and Layer-3 Switch
- Systems
- High-Speed 120 Gbps AMI-WDM-PDM Free Space Optical Transmission System
- Impact of Different Modulation Data Formats on DWDM System Using SOA With Narrow-Channel Spacing
- Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence on Free Space Optical System using Homotopy Perturbation Method
- Visible Light Communication – The Journey So Far
- Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA
- Performance Analysis of 2-D Prime Codes Encoded Optical CDMA System
- An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques
- Investigations of Different Amplifiers in 16 × 40 Gb/S WDM System
- Effect of Crosstalk in Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System using Hybrid Optical Amplifier
- Evaluation of Gain Spectrum of Silica-Based Single/Dual-Pumped Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) by Optimizing Its Physical and Pumping Parameters in the Scenario of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems (DWDM)
- Devices
- Design of One-Bit Magnitude Comparator using Photonic Crystals
- A Novel Scheme for UDWDM-PON Broadband Access Network Using Injection-Locked Phase-to-Intensity Modulation Converter
- Loss-Less Elliptical Channel Drop Filter for WDM Applications
- Investigations with Reversible Feynman Gate and Irreversible Logic Schematics
- Analysis and Design of Coherent Combining of two Q-Switched Fiber Laser in Mach-Zehnder Type Cavity
- Fibers
- Proposed Square Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber for Extremely High Nonlinearity, Birefringence and Ultra-High Negative Dispersion Compensation
- Ultra-low Loss with Single Mode Polymer-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Waveguide
- Measurements
- Investigation on Full Duplex WDM Hybrid Sensor to Measure the Strain
- Networks
- An Easy In-Service Optical IP Network System for Residential Complex, Employing 1550 nm-Band CWDM and Layer-3 Switch
- Systems
- High-Speed 120 Gbps AMI-WDM-PDM Free Space Optical Transmission System
- Impact of Different Modulation Data Formats on DWDM System Using SOA With Narrow-Channel Spacing
- Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence on Free Space Optical System using Homotopy Perturbation Method
- Visible Light Communication – The Journey So Far
- Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA
- Performance Analysis of 2-D Prime Codes Encoded Optical CDMA System
- An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate