Abstract
The effect of nano-hybrid sensor based on a wavelength division multiplexed technique (WDM) is studied using photonics crystal fiber and fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The full duplex scheme is used in the proposed system to receive and transmit the data at the same time for fast processing. The finite difference time domain photonics simulation software (FDTD) is used to observed variation in reflection and the transmission power spectra of the photonic gratings. Using line defects we created two linear waveguides, further, it is used as an optical sensor. From this work, we recommend that the proposed system can be used as in communication field for data transmission and also used in sensing application to sense the property and deformation of the object.
Funding statement: This work was supported by a grant from Department of Biotechnology under the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Grant No. BT/PR10634/PFN/20/825/2013 and also supported by a grant from Rajiv Gandhi national fellowship under University Grants Commission, Grant No. F117.1/201415/RGNF2014 15SCPUN61657/(SAIII/Website).
References
1. Giallorenzi TG, Bucaro JA, Dandridge A, Sigel GH. Optical fiber sensor technology. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 1982;30(4):472–510.10.1109/TMTT.1982.1131089Search in Google Scholar
2. Yariv A, Winsor H. Proposal for detection of magnetostrictive perturbation of optical fibers. Opt Lett 1980;5:87–89.10.1364/OL.5.000087Search in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Rajan G. In optical fiber sensors: Advanced techniques and applications. Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015:1–12.Search in Google Scholar
4. Bucaro JA, Cole JH, Jarzynski J, Burns WK, Giallorenzi TG. Optical fiber sensor technology. Optoelectron Technol Lightwave Commun Syst 1981;30(4):600–652.Search in Google Scholar
5. Gehrich JL, Lubbers DW, Opitz N, Hansmann DR, Miller WW, Tusa JK, et al. Optical fluorescence and its application to an intravascular blood gas monitoring system. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1986;33:117–132.10.1109/TBME.1986.325886Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Narayanaswamy R. Optical sensors. IEEE conference proceedings, international conference on new techniques in pharmaceutical and biomedical research, 2005, 1–4.Search in Google Scholar
7. Agrawal N, Davis CC, Milner SD. Free space optical sensor networking for underwater sensing applications. Intelligent sensors, sensor networks and information processing (ISSNIP), 2009 5th International Conference on. IEEE, 475–480.10.1109/ISSNIP.2009.5416814Search in Google Scholar
8. Kunzler W, Zhu Z, Selfridge R, Schultz S, Wirthlin M. Integrating fiber Bragg grating sensors with sensor networks. IEEE Autotestcon, 2008:1–4. Salt Lake City, UT: IEEE.10.1109/AUTEST.2008.4662640Search in Google Scholar
9. Zhiqi H, Yujun H, Lizhang H, Miao Z, Zishuo W. Optical fiber Bragg grating center of wavelength detection filter algorithm. IEEE, 10th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI), 2011;4:90–94.10.1109/ICEMI.2011.6037954Search in Google Scholar
10. Muduli N, Palai G, Tripathy SK. Modeling a hexagonal periodic photonic crystal fiber for optical communication. International conference on microelectronics, communication and renewable energy, Kanjirapally, 2013;7(2):1–4.10.1109/AICERA-ICMiCR.2013.6575984Search in Google Scholar
11. Li YF, Wang CY, Hu ML. A fully vectorial effective index method for photonic crystal fibers: application to dispersion calculation. Opt Commun 2004;238(1):29–33.10.1016/j.optcom.2004.04.040Search in Google Scholar
12. Peterson JI, Vurek GG. Fiber-optic sensors for biomedical applications. Science 1984;224:123–127.10.1126/science.6422554Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Seena R, Pradeep R, Vijayakumar N. A full duplex radio over fiber system using fiber Bragg grating filter. IEEE, international conference on computational systems and communications, Trivandrum, 2014:139–143.10.1109/COMPSC.2014.7032636Search in Google Scholar
14. Buczynski R. Photonic crystal fibers. Acta Physica Polonica 2004;106(2):141–168.10.12693/APhysPolA.106.141Search in Google Scholar
15. Kaur G, Kaler RS, Kwatra N. Performance investigation of semiconductor optical amplifier and Raman amplifier as an optical sensors. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun 2015;9(9–10):1110–1113.Search in Google Scholar
16. Kaur G, Kaler RS, Kwatra N. On the optimization of fiber Bragg grating optical sensor using genetic algorithm to monitor the strain of civil structure with high sensitivity. Opt Eng 2016;55(8):087103–1–087103-6.10.1117/1.OE.55.8.087103Search in Google Scholar
17. Madhavan N, Vinod AP, Madhukumar AS, Krishna AK. Spectrum sensing and modulation classification for cognitive radios using cumulants based on fractional lower order statistics. Int J Electron Commun (AEÜ) 2013;67:479–490.10.1016/j.aeue.2012.11.004Search in Google Scholar
18. Ren X, Chen C. Spectrum sensing algorithm based on sample variance in multi-antenna cognitive radio systems. Int J Electron Commun (AEÜ) 2016;70:1601–1609.10.1016/j.aeue.2016.09.013Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques
- Investigations of Different Amplifiers in 16 × 40 Gb/S WDM System
- Effect of Crosstalk in Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System using Hybrid Optical Amplifier
- Evaluation of Gain Spectrum of Silica-Based Single/Dual-Pumped Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) by Optimizing Its Physical and Pumping Parameters in the Scenario of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems (DWDM)
- Devices
- Design of One-Bit Magnitude Comparator using Photonic Crystals
- A Novel Scheme for UDWDM-PON Broadband Access Network Using Injection-Locked Phase-to-Intensity Modulation Converter
- Loss-Less Elliptical Channel Drop Filter for WDM Applications
- Investigations with Reversible Feynman Gate and Irreversible Logic Schematics
- Analysis and Design of Coherent Combining of two Q-Switched Fiber Laser in Mach-Zehnder Type Cavity
- Fibers
- Proposed Square Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber for Extremely High Nonlinearity, Birefringence and Ultra-High Negative Dispersion Compensation
- Ultra-low Loss with Single Mode Polymer-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Waveguide
- Measurements
- Investigation on Full Duplex WDM Hybrid Sensor to Measure the Strain
- Networks
- An Easy In-Service Optical IP Network System for Residential Complex, Employing 1550 nm-Band CWDM and Layer-3 Switch
- Systems
- High-Speed 120 Gbps AMI-WDM-PDM Free Space Optical Transmission System
- Impact of Different Modulation Data Formats on DWDM System Using SOA With Narrow-Channel Spacing
- Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence on Free Space Optical System using Homotopy Perturbation Method
- Visible Light Communication – The Journey So Far
- Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA
- Performance Analysis of 2-D Prime Codes Encoded Optical CDMA System
- An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques
- Investigations of Different Amplifiers in 16 × 40 Gb/S WDM System
- Effect of Crosstalk in Super Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System using Hybrid Optical Amplifier
- Evaluation of Gain Spectrum of Silica-Based Single/Dual-Pumped Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) by Optimizing Its Physical and Pumping Parameters in the Scenario of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems (DWDM)
- Devices
- Design of One-Bit Magnitude Comparator using Photonic Crystals
- A Novel Scheme for UDWDM-PON Broadband Access Network Using Injection-Locked Phase-to-Intensity Modulation Converter
- Loss-Less Elliptical Channel Drop Filter for WDM Applications
- Investigations with Reversible Feynman Gate and Irreversible Logic Schematics
- Analysis and Design of Coherent Combining of two Q-Switched Fiber Laser in Mach-Zehnder Type Cavity
- Fibers
- Proposed Square Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber for Extremely High Nonlinearity, Birefringence and Ultra-High Negative Dispersion Compensation
- Ultra-low Loss with Single Mode Polymer-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Waveguide
- Measurements
- Investigation on Full Duplex WDM Hybrid Sensor to Measure the Strain
- Networks
- An Easy In-Service Optical IP Network System for Residential Complex, Employing 1550 nm-Band CWDM and Layer-3 Switch
- Systems
- High-Speed 120 Gbps AMI-WDM-PDM Free Space Optical Transmission System
- Impact of Different Modulation Data Formats on DWDM System Using SOA With Narrow-Channel Spacing
- Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence on Free Space Optical System using Homotopy Perturbation Method
- Visible Light Communication – The Journey So Far
- Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA
- Performance Analysis of 2-D Prime Codes Encoded Optical CDMA System
- An Approximation for BER of Optical Wireless System under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence using Point Estimate