Toxicological, anticholinesterase, antilipidemic, antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret extracts
-
Muhammad Zahoor
,
Wasim Ul Bari
Abstract
Background
In this study, Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret root extracts were assessed for use as a remedy for oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus and neurological disorders.
Methods
The antioxidative potentials of the extracts were determined using DPPH and ABTS assays, whereas their enzyme inhibitory potentials were determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In the in vivo experiments, methanol extract was orally administered to mice (n = 5) at four doses of 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg kg–1 for 30 days and its effect on glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, etc. were investigated.
Results
The highest free radical scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals were recorded for the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, and their respective IC50 values were 75 and 88 μg/mL. In addition, these two fractions were highly active in inhibiting AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 120 and 185 μg/mL, respectively. Moderate inhibition (μg/mL) was recorded against α-glucosidase (69.02 ± 1.02 and 64.29 ± 2.41) and α-amylase (65.12 ± 2.02 and 63.29 ± 1.41) and these were comparable to the inhibitory activities exhibited by the standard, acarbose. All the extracts showed high phenolic and flavonoid contents, which correlated with their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The phenolic compounds in the crude extract and fractions were determined using the standard HPLC method and bioactive compounds, namely, morin, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl-diglucoside)-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-(caffeoyl-diglucoside)-7-glucoside, etc., which were detected at various retention times. Significant decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood glucose levels were observed.
Conclusion
G. optiva is a good source of antioxidants and other phytochemicals, some of which possess anticholinesterase, anti-glucosidase, and anti-amylase activities, and can be used to treat different health conditions such as oxidative stress, neurological disorders, and diabetes mellitus.
Research funding: The authors are also grateful for the financial support (Project No: 20-2515/R&D/HEC) from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Reviews
- Omics-based biomarkers in the diagnosis of diabetes
- Cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes, risk factors and preventive strategies
- Mini Review
- Possible therapeutic effect of magnesium in ocular diseases
- Original Articles
- Evaluation of habituation to visual evoked potentials using pattern reversal among migraine individuals – a cross-sectional study
- Cardiac autonomic modulation in response to stress in normotensive young adults with parental history of hypertension
- Increased blood lead level induces oxidative stress and alters the antioxidant status of spray painters
- Rescue role of hesperidin in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced toxicity in the brain, ovary and uterus of wistar rats
- Effects of selenium, zinc, insulin and metallothionein on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and metallothionein gene expression levels in diabetic rats
- Effect of insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on genes expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats
- Persistent homeothermy in large domestic mammals maintained under standard farming conditions
- Toxicological, anticholinesterase, antilipidemic, antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Grewia optiva Drummond ex Burret extracts
- Trema orientalis (Linn.) leaves promotes anticancer activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice
- Antidiabetic and protective effects of Scrophularia striata ethanolic extract on diabetic nephropathy via suppression of RAGE and S100A8 expression in kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
- Effect of the methanol extract of the red cultivar Allium cepa L. on the serum biochemistry and electrolytes of rats following sub-chronic oral administration
