Abstract
Background
Hypertension is the major health burden associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Positive family history and stress are the risk factors for hypertension. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of acute stress on the cardiac autonomic modulation in normotensive individuals with parental history of hypertension.
Methods
Sixty healthy male volunteers (30 with parental history of hypertension-NTPH+ group and 30 without parental history of hypertension-NTPH− group) in the age group of 18–24 years were included in the study. Short-term baseline heart rate variability (HRV) evaluation was done in frequency domain. Volunteers performed mental arithmetic stress task (MAST). HRV was measured before MAST, during MAST, and recovery period. HRV in both groups were compared.
Results
Analysis showed a significant increase in heart rate (p-value = 0.038) and systolic blood pressure (p-value = 0.01) in NTPH+ group compared to the NTPH− during MAST. NTPH+ group showed significantly higher LFnu (p-value = 0.03) and LF/HF ratio (p-value = 0.02) during MAST. Reduction in HFnu (p-value = 0.027) was significantly higher in the study group. ANOVA analysis demonstrated significant increase in LFnu [F(2.602, 75.46) = 18.60; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.391] and LF/HF ratio [F(1.76, 51.043) = 29.952; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.508] during MAST and 10 min of recovery period from baseline value in NTPH+ group. HFnu has significantly reduced during MAST and 5 min recovery period from baseline value in NTPH+ group [F(2.78, 80.72) = 12.77; p = 0.033, ηp2 = 0.28].
Conclusions
Acute mental stress leads to exaggerated sympathetic response and vagal suppression in healthy individuals with parental history of HTN. This study concludes that HRV, which reflects autonomic flexibility, is lower during acute mental stress and post-stress recovery period in normotensive males with parental history of HTN.
Funding source: ICMR
Award Identifier / Grant number: Student Short Term Project
Funding statement: This study was a part of ICMR- Student Short Term Project, Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001411. This research is funded by Indian Council for Medical Research.
Acknowledgments
Authors would like to acknowledge the volunteers participated in the study.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board of K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India.
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