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Effect of insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles on genes expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats

  • Giti Kalantarian , Nasrin Ziamajidi , Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Reza Mahjub , Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi , Massoud Saidijam , Sara Soleimani Asl and Mohammad Jamshidi
Published/Copyright: November 20, 2019

Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that undesirably affects both central and peripheral nervous systems through the apoptosis of neurons. Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) inhibit apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether oral insulin in the form of nanoparticles may have similar effects to injectable insulin in increasing the gene expression of IGF1 and IGF2.

Methods

Insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the polyelectrolyte complex method and characterized for size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency. An in vivo study was performed in different groups of male Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus type 1 treated with insulin-loaded trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and subcutaneous injection of trade insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn). The hippocampus of rats were studied for the expression of IGF1 and IGF2 genes by using real-time PCR, and the fold changes in gene expression were evaluated using the 2−ΔΔCt method.

Results

The expression of IGF1 and IGF2 genes in the groups treated with nano-insulin and injected insulin were significantly higher than that in the diabetic control group (p<0.001) and meaningfully lower than that in the healthy control group. However, there was no significant difference to the treated groups.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that future research might provide a new formulation of drugs for treating type 1 diabetes, in the form of oral insulin.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the animal house of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for supporting this project.

  1. Research funding: The present study was funded by Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.

  2. Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

  3. Author contributions: RA and NZ designed the project. GK and MJ conducted the experiments. MS and SSA analyzed the data. RM and MTG assisted analyzing of experimental data. RA and GK wrote the manuscript. All authors read and accepted the manuscript.

  4. Ethical approval: Research involving animals complied with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran) for the care and use of animals. (IR. UMSHA.REC.1394.104).

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Received: 2019-06-13
Accepted: 2019-09-06
Published Online: 2019-11-20

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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