Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells
-
Oluwatosin Adekunle Adaramoye
,
Bettina Erguen
Abstract
Background:
Our previous studies showed that fruit methanol extract from Xylopia aethiopica (MEXA) exhibited antiproliferative activity in human cervical cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects of MEXA on prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3 and LNCaP).
Methods:
PC-3 and LNCaP cells were cultured and treated with MEXA (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The sodium 3′-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. DNA fragmentation was determined by cell death detection ELISA plus, and angiogenesis was assessed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The antioxidant activities of MEXA were determined by DPPH and hydroxyl (OH) radicals’ scavenging methods as well as through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats’ liver homogenate.
Results:
MEXA at 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL scavenged DPPH by 48%, 62%, 70% and OH radical by 39%, 58%, 67%, respectively. MEXA significantly (p<0.05) inhibited LPO in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MEXA had antiproliferative effects on PC-3 and LNCaP with IC50 of 62.1 and 73.6 μg/mL, respectively, at 96 h. The LDH assay showed that MEXA had low toxicity in vitro at its IC50 values. The extent of DNA fragmentation by MEXA showed higher values in PC-3 and LNCaP, suggesting the possible induction of apoptosis. In contrast, MEXA did not affect the network of vessels in CAM, thus lacking anti-angiogenic property.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that MEXA induces antiproliferative activity in PCa cells through a mechanism that involves apoptosis. Therefore, MEXA may be a potential therapeutic agent for PCa.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by a 6-month grant given to OAA by the Bank-Anthony Charitable Will Trust (London, UK), which was disbursed by the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Charite University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany, and by the Urologic Research Foundation Berlin.
Authors’ contributions: Dr. O. A. Adaramoye, Dr. Anja Rabien, and Prof. Michael Höpfner jointly designed the study. Dr. O. A. Adaramoye, Mrs. Bettina Erguen, and Dr. Bianca Nitzsche carried out the studies. Dr. O. A. Adaramoye prepared the manuscript. Prof. Klaus Jung, mentor on this project, corrected and finalized the manuscript. All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved its submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts & Figures 2013. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2013.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Adeloye D, David RA, Aderemi AV, Iseolorunkanmi A, Oyedokun A, Iweala EE, et al. An estimate of the incidence of prostate cancer in africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016;11:e0153496.10.1371/journal.pone.0153496Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. Choumessi AT, Danel M, Chassaing S, Truchet I, Penlap VB, Pieme AC, et al. Characterization of the antiproliferative activity of Xylopia aethiopica. Cell Div 2012;7:8–15.10.1186/1747-1028-7-8Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
4. Osafo N, Obiri DD. Anti-inflammatory and anti-anaphylactic activity of xylopic acid isolated from the dried fruit of Xylopia aethiopica in mice. Planta Med 2016;81:S1–S381.10.1055/s-0036-1596165Suche in Google Scholar
5. Mohammed A, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Anti-diabetic effect of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (Annonaceae) fruit acetone fraction in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;180:131–9.10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Moukette Moukette B, Pieme CA, Nya Biapa PC, Ngogang JY. In vitro antioxidant and anti-lipoperoxidative activities of bark extracts of Xylopia aethiopica against ion-mediated toxicity on liver homogenates. J Complement Integr Med 2015;12:195–204.10.1515/jcim-2015-0002Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Vyry Wouatsa NA, Misra L, Venkatesh Kumar R. Antibacterial activity of essential oils of edible spices, Ocimum canum and Xylopia aethiopica. J Food Sci 2014;79:M972–7.10.1111/1750-3841.12457Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Adaramoye OA, Okiti OO, Farombi EO. Dried fruit extract from Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) protects Wistar albino rats from adverse effects of whole body radiation. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2011;63:635–43.10.1016/j.etp.2010.05.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Adaramoye OA, Sarkar J, Singh N, Meena S, Changkija B, Yadav PP, et al. Antiproliferative action of Xylopia aethiopica fruit extract on human cervical cancer cells. Phytother Res 2011;25:1558–63.10.1002/ptr.3551Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Nwafor A, Nworah D, Adienbo M. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profile of hydromethanolic chloroform extract of xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) fruits. BMR Phytomedicine 2015;2:1–8.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Mensor LI, Menezes FS, Leitao GG, Reis AS, dos Santos T, Coube CS, et al. Screening of Brazilian Plants extracts for antioxidants activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. Phytother Res 2001;15:127–30.10.1002/ptr.687Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Halliwell B. Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts. FASEB J 1987;1:358–64.10.1096/fasebj.1.5.2824268Suche in Google Scholar
13. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351–8.10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3Suche in Google Scholar
14. Oyaizu M. Studies on the product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine. Jpn J Nutr 1986;44:307–15.10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307Suche in Google Scholar
15. Nitzsche B, Gloesenkamp C, Schrader M, Ocker M, Preissner R, Lein M, et al. Novel compounds with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative potency for growth control of testicular germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 2010;103:18–28.10.1038/sj.bjc.6605725Suche in Google Scholar
16. Rodrigues J, Abramjuk C, Vasquez L, Gamboa N, Dominguez J, Nitzsche B, et al. New 4-maleamic acid and 4-maleamide peptidyl chalcones as potential multitarget drugs for human prostate cancer. Pharm Res 2011;28: 907–19.10.1007/s11095-010-0347-8Suche in Google Scholar
17. Gerlier D, Thomasset N. Use of MTT colorimetric assay to measure cell activation. J. Immunol. Methods 1986;94:57–63.10.1016/0022-1759(86)90215-2Suche in Google Scholar
18. Ruiz Y, Rodrigues J, Arvelo F, Usubillaga A, Monsalve M, Diez N, et al. Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effect of ent-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, a derivative of grandiflorolic acid from Espeletia schultzii. Phytochemistry 2008;69:432–8.10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.025Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Reyes FJ, Centelles JJ, Lupiáñez JA, Cascante M. (2Alpha, 3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, a new natural triterpene from Olea europea, induces caspase dependent apoptosis selectively in colon adenocarcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2006;580:6302–10.10.1016/j.febslet.2006.10.038Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Sarkar FH, Li Y, Wang Z, Kong D. Novel targets for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Endocr relat Cancer 2010;17: R195–212.10.1677/ERC-10-0074Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
21. Bakarnga-Via I, Hzounda JB, Fokou PV, Tchokouaha LR, Gary-Bobo M, Gallud A, et al. Composition and cytotoxic activity of essential oils from Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich, Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich) Benth.) and Monodora myristica (Gaertn) growing in Chad and Cameroon. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:125–32.10.1186/1472-6882-14-125Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
22. Kuete V, Sandjo LP, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of compounds from Xylopia aethiopica towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2015;22:1247–54.10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.008Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
23. Félix-Silva J, Souza T, Camara RB, Cabral B, Silva-Júnior AA, Rebecchi IM, et al. In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:405–17.10.1186/1472-6882-14-405Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
24. Fattahi S, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Pourbagher R, Motevalizadeh Ardekani A, Mostafazadeh A, et al. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous extract of stinging nettle and in vitro antiproliferative effect on hela and BT-474 cell lines. Int J Mol Cell Med 2014;3:102–7.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Shi Y, Nikulenkov F, Zawacka-Pankau J, Li H, Gabdoulline R, Xu J, et al. ROS-dependent activation of JNK converts p53 into an efficient inhibitor of oncogenes leading to robust apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2014;21:612–23.10.1038/cdd.2013.186Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
26. Schoeneberger H, Belz K, Schenk B, Fulda S. Impairment of antioxidant defense via glutathione depletion sensitizes acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells for Smac mimetic-induced cell death. Oncogene 2014;34:4032–43.10.1038/onc.2014.338Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
27. Zhang K, Li Y, Liu W, Gao X, Zhang K. Silencing survivin expression inhibits the tumor growth of nonsmallcell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015;11:639–44.10.3892/mmr.2014.2729Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
28. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57–70.10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0001Suche in Google Scholar
29. Sogno I, Venč R, Ferrari N, De Censi A, Imperatori A, Noonan DM, et al. Angioprevention with fenretinide: targeting angiogenesis in prevention and therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010;75:2–14.10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Kerbel R, Folkman J. Clinical translation of angiogenesis inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:727–39.10.1038/nrc905Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- The double face of light effects: circadian adjustment or disruption
- Review
- Artificial light-at-night – a novel lifestyle risk factor for metabolic disorder and cancer morbidity
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Anti-stress effects of a GSK-3β inhibitor, AR-A014418, in immobilization stress of variable duration in mice
- Cardiovascular Function
- Addition of omega-3 fatty acid and coenzyme Q10 to statin therapy in patients with combined dyslipidemia
- Oxidative Stress
- Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats
- Effects of peripherally and centrally applied ghrelin on the oxidative stress induced by renin angiotensin system in a rat model of renovascular hypertension
- Investigation of the role of α-lipoic acid on fatty acids profile, some minerals (zinc, copper, iron) and antioxidant activity against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male rats
- Metabolism
- The choice of freely preferred cadence by trained nonprofessional cyclists may not be characterized by mechanical efficiency
- Immune Response
- Ascorbic acid does not modulate potassium currents in cultured human lymphocytes
- Phytotherapy
- Anti-inflammatory activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract on rat paw edema
- Histopathological and biochemical assessments of Costus afer stem on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- In vitro inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 and arginase activities from rat penile tissue by two Nigerian herbs (Hunteria umbellata and Anogeissus leiocarpus)
- Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- The double face of light effects: circadian adjustment or disruption
- Review
- Artificial light-at-night – a novel lifestyle risk factor for metabolic disorder and cancer morbidity
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Anti-stress effects of a GSK-3β inhibitor, AR-A014418, in immobilization stress of variable duration in mice
- Cardiovascular Function
- Addition of omega-3 fatty acid and coenzyme Q10 to statin therapy in patients with combined dyslipidemia
- Oxidative Stress
- Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats
- Effects of peripherally and centrally applied ghrelin on the oxidative stress induced by renin angiotensin system in a rat model of renovascular hypertension
- Investigation of the role of α-lipoic acid on fatty acids profile, some minerals (zinc, copper, iron) and antioxidant activity against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male rats
- Metabolism
- The choice of freely preferred cadence by trained nonprofessional cyclists may not be characterized by mechanical efficiency
- Immune Response
- Ascorbic acid does not modulate potassium currents in cultured human lymphocytes
- Phytotherapy
- Anti-inflammatory activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract on rat paw edema
- Histopathological and biochemical assessments of Costus afer stem on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- In vitro inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 and arginase activities from rat penile tissue by two Nigerian herbs (Hunteria umbellata and Anogeissus leiocarpus)
- Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells
