Anti-inflammatory activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract on rat paw edema
-
Manijeh Motevalian
,
Saeedeh Shiri
Abstract
Background:
The Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit has been traditionally used in Iranian herbal medicine to treat diarrhea and rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, the effects of E. angustifolia fruit extract on the acute and chronic phases of formalin-induced rat paw edema were examined.
Methods:
The acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects of E. angustifolia fruit extract were investigated through the subcutaneous injection of 100 μL of formalin (2.5%) into a rat’s hind paw. Thirty minutes before the procedure, the experimental groups were treated intraperitoneally with hydroalcoholic fruit extracts of E. angustifolia (concentrations of 100, 300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg); sodium salicylate (SS, 400 mg/kg) and distilled water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Treatment with SS and the fruit extracts were performed daily for 8 days, and the degree of edema was measured by using mercury plethysmometer and digital caliper.
Results:
In the acute anti-inflammatory study, the extract showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The results of 1000 mg/kg of the extract was significantly different compared with the negative control group (p<0.05) and was comparable to sodium salicylate (p<0.05). Results from the chronic study suggested that E. angustifolia extract significantly reduced paw edema and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that the measurement by digital caliper and mercury plethysmometer were both reliable and might be applied interchangeably (p<0.01). Phytochemical tests indicated that the hydroalcoholic fruit extract of E. angustifolia was positive for cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins.
Conclusions:
Based on our findings, the E. angustifolia fruit extract probably has acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activities to support its applications in folk medicine.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Mr. Behrouz Shiri for kindly collecting the fruits and manually separating the pulp from the seeds. We also wish to thank Mrs. Farideh Bahrami for providing assistance in drafting this paper.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- The double face of light effects: circadian adjustment or disruption
- Review
- Artificial light-at-night – a novel lifestyle risk factor for metabolic disorder and cancer morbidity
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Anti-stress effects of a GSK-3β inhibitor, AR-A014418, in immobilization stress of variable duration in mice
- Cardiovascular Function
- Addition of omega-3 fatty acid and coenzyme Q10 to statin therapy in patients with combined dyslipidemia
- Oxidative Stress
- Protective effect of Moringa oleifera oil against HgCl2-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in rats
- Effects of peripherally and centrally applied ghrelin on the oxidative stress induced by renin angiotensin system in a rat model of renovascular hypertension
- Investigation of the role of α-lipoic acid on fatty acids profile, some minerals (zinc, copper, iron) and antioxidant activity against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male rats
- Metabolism
- The choice of freely preferred cadence by trained nonprofessional cyclists may not be characterized by mechanical efficiency
- Immune Response
- Ascorbic acid does not modulate potassium currents in cultured human lymphocytes
- Phytotherapy
- Anti-inflammatory activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract on rat paw edema
- Histopathological and biochemical assessments of Costus afer stem on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
- In vitro inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 and arginase activities from rat penile tissue by two Nigerian herbs (Hunteria umbellata and Anogeissus leiocarpus)
- Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells
