Mechanistic insight on the sonolytic degradation of phenol at interface and bulk using additives
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Sarjerao Bapu Doltade
Abstract
Present work investigated the degradation of phenol based on theoretical knowledge of bubble dynamic and experimental studies. Optimum parameters of theoretical knowledge such as initial concentration of phenol: 1.1 mole/L; concentration of additive: 2 g/L; liquid medium temperature: 35°C and pressure of liquid medium: 101325 Pa were considered for the experimental study. The degradation was further explored in the presence of zinc oxide (effect of particle size), hydrogen peroxide (effect on hydroxyl radical concentration), and sodium chloride (effect of a change in liquid properties) and its effect on degradation of phenol. The degradation of phenol increased in the presence catalyst such as 0.61±0.013 moles L-1 min-1 (hydrogen peroxide), 0.44±0.014 moles L-1 min-1 (zinc oxide), and 0.5±0.013 moles L-1 min-1 (sodium chloride) compare to the absence of catalyst 0.24±0.009 moles L-1 min-1. The results confirmed that maximum degradation of phenol obtains in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (cavitational yield: 15.9×10-5 mg/J, the rate constant: 4.8×l0-5 min-1, and TOC removal 28.5%). The presence of sodium chloride showed the considerable effect on degradation and TOC removal. Results confirmed that the degradation of phenol is driven by the hydroxyl radicals’ mechanism and increased with increase in the concentration of hydroxyl radicals. The degradation of phenol was highly dependent on the concentration of phenol near vicinity of the liquid-bubble interface.
Acknowledgement
Authors would like to thank Professor V S Moholkar, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India for his valuable guidance for conceptual understanding of bubble dynamics model.
Nomenclature
- As
surface area of bubble
- Cp
concentration of pollutant molecules in the bubble
- Cpi
heat capacities of species at constant pressure
- Cp,mix
heat capacity of gaseous mixture at constant pressure
- Cpr
concentration of pollutant molecules at bubble wall
- Cv,mix
heat capacity of mixture at constant volume
- Cw
concentration of water molecules in the bubble
- Cwr
concentration of water molecules at bubble wall
- dV
change in volume of bubble
- Dp
diffusion coefficient of pollutant.
- Dw
diffusion coefficient of water
- E
net energy in the bubble
- h
radius of Wander Vaals hard sphere
- hw
molecular the enthalpy of water
- k
Boltzman constant
- K
thermal conductivity of species
- Lp
length scale of diffusion in the presence of pollutants
- Lth
thermal diffusive penetration length
- Lw
length scale of diffusion or thickness of diffusive water layer around bubble
- Ntot
total number of molecules in the bubble
- Nw, NAr and NP
number of molecules of water, argon, and pollutants respectively
- Pi
pressure inside the bubble
- Q
net heat in the bubble
- R
radius of bubble at any time ‘t’
- R0
initial radius of bubble
- T
temperature inside bubble
- T0
temperature at interface
- Uw
internal energy of water molecule
- W
work done by the bubble
- ρi
densities of species
- ρmix
density of gas mixture
- λij
thermal conductivity of bubble
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Articles in the same Issue
- Editorial
- Excitation Kinetics of Oxygen O(1D) State in Low-Pressure Oxygen Plasma and the Effect of Electron Energy Distribution Function
- Using amino-functionalized Fe3O4-WO3 nanoparticles for diazinon removal from synthetic and real water samples in presence of UV irradiation
- Treatment of high salinity wastewater using CWPO process for reuse
- Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOP) to degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
- Effect of feedstock impurities on activity and selectivity of V-Mo-Nb-Te-Ox catalyst in ethane oxidative dehydrogenation
- Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes Over Semiconductors Supported on Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polystyrene Substrates
- Effects of calcination temperature on sol-gel synthesis of porous La2Ti2O7 photocatalyst on degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X3B
- ClO2-oxidation-based demulsification of oil-water transition layer in oilfields: An experimental study
- Semi-permanent hair dyes degradation at W/WO3 photoanode under controlled current density assisted by visible light
- Degradation of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) in wastewater by advanced oxidation processes
- Degradation of imidacloprid insecticide in a binary mixture with propylene glycol by conventional fenton process
- Gemini surfactant-assisted synthesis of BiOBr with superior visible light-induced photocatalytic activity towards RhB degradation
- Photocatalytic paraquat degradation over TiO2 modified by hydrothermal technique in alkaline solution
- Enhancement of Profenofos Remediation Using Stimulated Bioaugmentation Technique
- Mechanistic insight on the sonolytic degradation of phenol at interface and bulk using additives
- Biosolubilization of low-grade rock phosphate by mixed thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria
- Degradation of methyl orange using dielectric barrier discharge water falling film reactor
- Rapid prediction of hydrogen peroxide concentration eletrogenerated with boron doped diamond electrodes
