Abstract
Objectives
In the nursing education system, evolution is required to train qualified and professionally competent nurses who can face workplace challenges and evolving needs of societies. This study aimed to explore effective factors and challenges of the formation of transformational education in the nursing education system.
Methods
This was a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. Twenty-four individuals participated through purposive and theoretical sampling. The authors collected data using semi-structured interviews and analyzed them by Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publication grounded-theory method.
Results
Findings showed the process of formation of transformational education which encompasses four concepts including, “transformational leadership”, “effective learning”, “necessity of foresight in education”, and “inhibitors of educational transformation”. Transformational education is a complex and multidimensional education.
Conclusions
Implementation of this education requires preparing transformational leaders, planning to empower faculty members and students, and preparing for the challenges facing the education system.
Funding source: National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education
Award Identifier / Grant number: 983690
Acknowledgments
The researchers gratefully thank all the participants and colleagues in the nursing schools for their great collaboration during study.
-
Research funding: This study was funded by National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education, Tehran, Iran (grant number: 983690).
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
-
Ethical approval: The project was approved by the institutional review board of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (coded IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1397.811). When recruiting participants, the purpose of the study was clearly explained.
References
Bikmoradi, A., Brommels, M., Shoghli, A., Khorasani Zavareh, D., & Masiello, I. (2009). Organizational culture, values, and routines in Iranian medical schools. Higher Education, 57, 417–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9152-2.Search in Google Scholar
Boctor, L. (2013). Active-learning strategies: The use of a game to reinforce learning in nursing education. A case study. Nurse Education in Practice, 13(2), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2012.07.010.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Brown, S., Kirkpatrick, M., Greer, A., Matthias, A., & Swanson, M. (2009). The use of innovative pedagogies in nursing education: An international perspective. Nursing Education Perspectives, 30(3), 153–158.Search in Google Scholar
Burbules, N. C., Fan, G., & Repp, P. (2020). Five trends of education and technology in a sustainable future. Geography and Sustainability, 1(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.05.001.Search in Google Scholar
Bvumbwe, T., & Mtshali, N. G. (2018). Transforming nursing education to strengthen health system in Malawi: An exploratory study. The Open Nursing Journal, 12, 93–105. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874434601812010093.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Capudi, L. J. (2017). Innovation in nursing education revisited. Nursing Education Perspectives, 38(3), 112.10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000157Search in Google Scholar
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. USA: Sage Publication.10.4135/9781452230153Search in Google Scholar
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publication.Search in Google Scholar
De Santis, P., & Willis, O. (2016). From Karamzin to Putin: Transformative learning in practice. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 9(3), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n12p41.Search in Google Scholar
Du Plessis, P. (2014). The principal as an instructional leader: Guiding schools to improve instruction. Education as Change, 18(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/16823206.2014.865992.Search in Google Scholar
Eddy, P. L. (2013). Developing leaders: The role of competencies in rural community colleges. Community College Review, 41(1), 20–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552112471557.Search in Google Scholar
Everly, M. C. (2013). Are students’ impressions of improved learning through active learning methods reflected by improved test scores? Nurse Education Today, 33(2), 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2011.10.023.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Franco da Rocha Tonhom, S., Guimarães da Costa, M. C., Galli Hamamoto, C., Maria Francisco, A., Maria Moreira, H., & Gomes, R. (2014). Competency-based training in nursing: Limits and possibilities. Revisita da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 48(Esp2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420140000800031.Search in Google Scholar
Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T., … Zurayk, H. (2010). Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet, 376(9756), 1923–1958. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61854-5.Search in Google Scholar
Gaemi Amiri, M., Khorasani, A., Yamani Douzi Sorkhabi, M., & Yazdani, S. (2017). Faculty development strategies based on the development and innovation programs of medical education (qualitative research). Biannual Medical Education, 18(6), 33–39.Search in Google Scholar
Gambhir, V., Wadhwa, N. C., & Grover, S. (2016). Quality concerns in technical education in India: A quantifiable quality enabled model. Quality Assurance in Education, 24(1), 2–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/qae-07-2011-0040.Search in Google Scholar
Gao, Y., Zhang, P.-P., Wen, S.-F., & Chen, Y.-G. (2017). Challenge, opportunity and development: Influencing factors and tendencies of curriculum innovation on undergraduate nursing education in the mainland of China. Chinese Nursing Research, 4, 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2017.07.003.Search in Google Scholar
Hoggan, C. (2021). Editor’s note: Transformative education throughout the life span. Journal of Transformative Education, 19(1), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344620976547.Search in Google Scholar
Kitchenham, A. D. (2015). Transformative learning in the academy: Good aspects and missing elements. Journal of Transformative Learning, 3(1), 7–13.Search in Google Scholar
Lai, E. (2014). Principal leadership practices in exploiting situated possibilities to build teacher capacity for change. Asia Pacific Education Review, 15(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-014-9314-0.Search in Google Scholar
Lee, S. T., & Dapremont, J. (2012). Engaging nursing students through integration of the audience response system. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(1), 55–57. https://doi.org/10.5480/1536-5026-33.1.55.Search in Google Scholar
Liesveld, J., Petrovic, K., León, T. G., Grohman, S., & Wright, M. (2021). Nursing education: From classroom to computers – The New Mexico Nursing Education Consortium’s collaborative problem-solving during the pandemic. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37(5), 928–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.07.012.Search in Google Scholar
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2oA9aWlNeooC&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&sig=GoKaBo0eIoPy4qeqRyuozZo1CqM&dq=naturalistic+inquiry&prev=http://scholar.google.com/scholar%3Fq%3Dnaturalistic%2Binquiry%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D#v=onepage&q=naturalistic%20inquiry&f=false.10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8Search in Google Scholar
Mader, C., & Rammel, C. (2015). Transforming higher education for sustainable development. Brief for GSDR 2015. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272794478_Brief_for_GSDR_2015_Transforming_Higher_Education_for_Sustainable_Development.Search in Google Scholar
Meum, T. T., Koch, T. B., Briseid, H. S., Vabo, G. L., & Rabben, J. (2021). Perceptions of digital technology in nursing education: A qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 54, 103136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103136.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Muraraneza, C., & Mtshali, N. G. (2020). Drivers of transformation to competency-based nursing education in Rwanda. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 13, 100224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100224.Search in Google Scholar
National League for Nursing. (2005). Transforming nursing education NewYork. Retrieved from http://www.nln.org/docs/default-source/advocacy-public-policy/transforming-nursing-education.pdf?sfvrsn=0.Search in Google Scholar
Nir, Z. (2012). Rethinking public school leaders’ preparation as grounds for developing a training model. Managerial Challenges of the Contemporary Society, 4, 56–61.Search in Google Scholar
Oswald, K., & Moriarty, K. (2009). Transforming children’s lives through innovation in quality education: Implications for policy and practice. IDS Practice Papers, 4, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0225.2009.00004_2.x.Search in Google Scholar
Padgett, D. K. (2016). Qualitative methods in social work research (Vol. 36). London: Sage Publications.Search in Google Scholar
Pourabbasi, A., Akbari, H., Akhvan, A. A., Haghdoost, A. A., Kheiry, Z., Dehnavieh, R., … Larijani, B. (2019). Analysis of Iran’s national medical education evolution and innovation plan using the Michelle and Scott’s model of policymaking. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 7(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.30476/JAMP.2019.41041.Search in Google Scholar
Pourabbasi, A., Haghdoost, A., Akbari, H., Kheiry, Z., Dehnavieh, R., Noorihekmat, S., … Larijani, B. (2017). Packages for reform and innovation in medical education in Islamic Republic of Iran; a conceptual framework. Teb va Tazkiye Journal of The Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 26(1), 45–50.Search in Google Scholar
Prenksy, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon. United Kingdom: NCB University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Quillinan, B., MacPhail, A., Dempsey, C., & McEvoy, E. (2019). Transformative teaching and learning through engaged practice: Lecturers’ and students’ experiences in a university and underserved community partnership in Ireland. Journal of Transformative Education, 17(3), 228–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344618809681.Search in Google Scholar
Renigere, R. (2014). Transformative learning in the discipline of nursing. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(12), 1207–1210. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-2-12-12.Search in Google Scholar
Tsimane, T. A., & Downing, C. (2020a). A model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(3), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.006.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Tsimane, T. A., & Downing, C. (2020b). Transformative learning in nursing education: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(1), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.12.006.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Wu, A., Leask, B., Choi, E., Unangst, L., & Wit, H. D. (2020). Internationalization of medical education—A scoping review of the current status in the United States. Medical Science Educator, 30, 1693–1705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01034-8.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Yacek, D. W. (2019). Should education be transformative? Journal of Moral Education, 49, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2019.1589434.Search in Google Scholar
Zarbafian, A., Abbasian, G.-R., Mohseni, A., & Baradaran, A. (2020). Synthesizing transformative education with dynamic assessment in developing EFL learners’ productive skills. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7(1), 1750840. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1750840.Search in Google Scholar
Zehry, K., Halder, N., & Theodosiou, L. (2011). E-learning in medical education in the United Kingdom. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3163–3167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.265.Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Nurses’ and nurse educators’ experiences of a Pediatric Nursing Continuing Professional Development program in Rwanda
- Literature Reviews
- Measuring academic satisfaction in nursing students: a systematic review of the instruments
- Pediatric practicums in undergraduate nursing programs: an integrative review
- Research Articles
- Nursing educators’ collaboration and professional development: a cross-sectional study
- Ethical tension in nursing education: a challenge for faculty values and beliefs
- Improving practicing nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of older people: a quasi-experimental study
- Embracing diversity: measuring the impact of an international immersion learning experience on nursing students’ cultural beliefs and values
- Lower academic performance and dropout rates among University students with children: a prospective cohort study of nursing students in Bogotá, Colombia
- Supporting the transition to practice: preceptor behaviors that foster a positive student preceptorship experience
- Faculty supportive behaviors and nursing student mental health: a pilot study
- Intention and motivation to pursue higher education among registered nurses and midwives: a cross-sectional study during COVID-19
- An analysis of nursing and medical students’ attitudes towards and knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
- Assessing non-technical skills in undergraduate nursing students: a validation study
- Developing nursing students’ informatics competencies – A Canadian faculty perspective
- A creative approach for undergraduate nursing students to learn anatomy and physiology: a qualitative exploratory study
- Resilience and GRIT among undergraduate nursing students during the COVID 19 pandemic
- The effect of advocacy education of nursing students on attitudes towards disability: a quasi-experimental study
- Knowledge and perceptions of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among prelicensure nursing students
- Narrative photography with an expert patient as a method to improve empathy: a satisfaction study with health sciences students
- Self-efficacy beliefs among baccalaureate nursing students – A cross-sectional, comparative study
- Learning on the periphery: a modified Delphi study of a nursing student communities of practice model
- Clinical instruction in mental health nursing: students’ perceptions of best practices
- The experience of novice nurse faculty in Saudi Arabia
- Effective factors and challenges of forming transformational education in the nursing education system: a qualitative study
- Predictors associated with new nursing faculty’s intent to leave nursing academia: teaching preparation in doctoral program, institutional supports, and job satisfaction
- Flipped or traditional online teaching? Two different strategies to handle teaching in nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Application of the cognitive load theory in prelicensure nursing education: a quantitative measurement focusing on instructional design
- Educational Process, Issue, Trend
- Finding the right balance: student perceptions of using virtual simulation as a community placement
- Virtual patients: an option for future distance midwifery education?
Articles in the same Issue
- Nurses’ and nurse educators’ experiences of a Pediatric Nursing Continuing Professional Development program in Rwanda
- Literature Reviews
- Measuring academic satisfaction in nursing students: a systematic review of the instruments
- Pediatric practicums in undergraduate nursing programs: an integrative review
- Research Articles
- Nursing educators’ collaboration and professional development: a cross-sectional study
- Ethical tension in nursing education: a challenge for faculty values and beliefs
- Improving practicing nurses’ knowledge and perceptions of older people: a quasi-experimental study
- Embracing diversity: measuring the impact of an international immersion learning experience on nursing students’ cultural beliefs and values
- Lower academic performance and dropout rates among University students with children: a prospective cohort study of nursing students in Bogotá, Colombia
- Supporting the transition to practice: preceptor behaviors that foster a positive student preceptorship experience
- Faculty supportive behaviors and nursing student mental health: a pilot study
- Intention and motivation to pursue higher education among registered nurses and midwives: a cross-sectional study during COVID-19
- An analysis of nursing and medical students’ attitudes towards and knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
- Assessing non-technical skills in undergraduate nursing students: a validation study
- Developing nursing students’ informatics competencies – A Canadian faculty perspective
- A creative approach for undergraduate nursing students to learn anatomy and physiology: a qualitative exploratory study
- Resilience and GRIT among undergraduate nursing students during the COVID 19 pandemic
- The effect of advocacy education of nursing students on attitudes towards disability: a quasi-experimental study
- Knowledge and perceptions of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among prelicensure nursing students
- Narrative photography with an expert patient as a method to improve empathy: a satisfaction study with health sciences students
- Self-efficacy beliefs among baccalaureate nursing students – A cross-sectional, comparative study
- Learning on the periphery: a modified Delphi study of a nursing student communities of practice model
- Clinical instruction in mental health nursing: students’ perceptions of best practices
- The experience of novice nurse faculty in Saudi Arabia
- Effective factors and challenges of forming transformational education in the nursing education system: a qualitative study
- Predictors associated with new nursing faculty’s intent to leave nursing academia: teaching preparation in doctoral program, institutional supports, and job satisfaction
- Flipped or traditional online teaching? Two different strategies to handle teaching in nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Application of the cognitive load theory in prelicensure nursing education: a quantitative measurement focusing on instructional design
- Educational Process, Issue, Trend
- Finding the right balance: student perceptions of using virtual simulation as a community placement
- Virtual patients: an option for future distance midwifery education?