Purification of Crude Glycerine Obtained from Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil
-
Marcionila O. Ferreira
,
Elisa M.B.D. Sousa
Abstract
The objective of this study was to purify glycerine obtained from the transesterification of cottonseed oil, using ion exchange resins. The batch process used strong cation, weak anion and a mixture of its resins. The purified glycerine was characterized as to metal content, colour and glycerol content. The experiments were conducted using the resins individually and in series. In the experiments in series, there was a constant decrease in conductivity. Analyses without the use of charcoal showed that conductivity behaved similarly to that of treatment with charcoal. For conductivity tests using activated charcoal and individual resins, the mixed resin produced the best result when compared to commercial glycerine.Considering the analysis made with activated carbon, when the glycerine solution was treated with individual resins, it was observed that the conditions established for treatment with 10 g of resin, 5 hours of contact with each resin and 50 mL of glycerine, its conductivity decreased to the cation exchange resin, increased to anionic resin and had a variable value with respect to the mixed resin. In serial processing, there was a steady decrease in the conductivity of the glycerine solution. The content of glycerol, after the solution had been passed through activated charcoal, 56% of the compound was recovered. It was also observed that the mixed resin retained a lower amount of glycerol. It can be concluded that ion exchange resins were efficient in treating the glycerine solution in all the tests, since there was little glycerol retention and high undesirable compound retention.
References
1 Conceição MM, Candeia RA, Dantas HJ, Soledade LEB, Fernandes Jr VJ, Souza AG. Rheological behavior of castor oil biodiesel. Energy Fuels 2005;19:2185–8.10.1021/ef050016gSearch in Google Scholar
2 Dantas MB. Obtenção, caracterização e estudo termoanalítico de biodiesel de milho. Master Degree Thesis, Departamento de Química. João Pessoa, Brazil: Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
3 Parente EJS. Biodiesel: Uma aventura Tecnológica num país engraçado Fortaleza: Ed. Unigráfica, 2003:66.Search in Google Scholar
4 Lucena TK. O biodiesel na matriz energética brasileira. Monograph. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Economic Institute, 2004.Search in Google Scholar
5 Ma F, Hanna MA. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresour Technol 1999;70:1–15.10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5Search in Google Scholar
6 Encimar JM, Gonzalez JF, Rodrigues JJ, Tejedor A. Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: transesterification of Cynara cardunculus L. oils with ethanol. Energy Fuels 2002;16:443–50.Search in Google Scholar
7 Pinto AC, Guariero LLN, Rezende MJC. Biodiesel: an overview. J Braz Chem Soc 2005;16:1313–30.10.1590/S0103-50532005000800003Search in Google Scholar
8 MME-Ministério de Minas e Energia, 2007. Brasil e a futura Matriz Energética. Lecture-Câmara do Comércio Americana, 04 de Dez, 2006. Available at: www.mme.gov.br/site/others_publications/otherspublication_list.do?yearFilter=2006&channelld=50. Accessed: 23 Mar 2008.Search in Google Scholar
9 Ávila FS, Machado AS, Santos EP. Purificação da Glicerina Bruta vegetal. I Congresso da rede Brasileira de Tecnologia do Biodiesel. Available at: http://www.biodiesel.gov.br/docs/congresso2006/Co- Produtos/Purificacao4.pdf. Accessed: 6 Dec 2007.Search in Google Scholar
10 Bailey A, Harris JA, Skau EL. Cyclopropenoid latty acid content and fatty composition of crude oils from twenty-five varieties of cottonseed. J Am Oil Chem 1966;43:107–10.10.1007/BF02641028Search in Google Scholar
11 Young KC, Ooi TL, Dzulkefly KY, Hazimah AH. Refining of crude glycerine recovered from glycerol residue by simple vacuum distillation. J Oil Palm 2001;13:39–44.Search in Google Scholar
12 Carvalho RHR. Avaliação da Eficiência de Catalisadores Comerciais na Obtenção de Biodiesel de Algodão. Master Degree Thesis, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química. Natal, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009.Search in Google Scholar
13 Brandão KSR, Silva FC, Nascimento UM, Sousa MC, Mouzinho AMC, Souza AG, et al. Produção de Biodiesel por Transesterificação do Óleo de Soja com Misturas de Metanol-Etanol. Annals of I Congresso da Rede Brasileira de Tecnologia do Biodiesel. Brasília: Rede Brasileira de Tecnologia do Biodiesel, 2007.Search in Google Scholar
14 Ruch EA. Process of purifying glycerin. US Patent 654,023, 1897.Search in Google Scholar
15 Morita T, Assumpção RMV. Manual de soluções, reagentes & solventes: padronização, preparação, purificação. 2a ed. Editora Edgard Blüchner Ltda. São Paulo, 1972.Search in Google Scholar
16 Ohlweiler OA. QuÍmica analÍtica quantitativa. 3.ed. Rio de Janeiro, LTC. 1981.Search in Google Scholar
17 Coks C, Vanrede LV. Laboratory handbook for oils and fats analysis, 1st ed. London: Academy Press, 1966.Search in Google Scholar
©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin / Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Efficient Synthesis of 1-Acetylpyrene Using [Bmim]Cl–FeCl3 Ionic Liquid as Dual Catalyst and Solvent
- Ethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production in Microchannel Reactors: Experimental Design and Optimization
- Modeling NOx Adsorption onto Fe/ZSM-5 Catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor
- Multistep Optimization and Residue Disposal Study for Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrode
- Effect of Vibrating Sparger on Mass Transfer, Gas Holdup, and Bubble Size in a Bubble Column Reactor
- Production of Silicon from SiH4 in a Fluidized Bed, Operation and Results
- Reforming of Glycerol into Bio-Crude: A Parametric Study
- Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Characteristics in a Large-Scale Slurry Bubble Column Reactor for Gas Mixtures in Actual Fischer–Tropsch Cuts
- Optimization of l-Asparaginase Production by Isolated Aspergillus niger C4 from Sesame (black) Oil Cake under SSF using Box–Behnken Design in Column Bioreactor
- Simplified Kinetic Model for Thermal Combustion of Lean Methane–Air Mixtures in a Wide Range of Temperatures
- Identification and Optimization of Recombinant E. coli Fed-Batch Fermentation Producing γ-Interferon Protein
- A Comparison of Monomeric Phenols Produced from Lignin by Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Conversions
- Design and Optimization of a Fixed Bed Reactor for Direct Dimethyl Ether Production from Syngas Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
- Conversion Enhancement of Fixed-Bed Reactors Using Two-Dimensional Hollow Cylindrical Catalyst Pellet
- Bubble Columns with Internals: A Review
- A Historic Review on R&D of China’s FCC Riser Termination Device Technologies
- Recent Advances of Spout-Fluid Bed: A Review of Fundamentals and Applications
- Ethanol Catalytic Oxidation on Ordered Mesoporous CuO/KIT-6 Catalyst
- A Novel Kinetics Study on H2O2 Decomposition inthe Propylene Epoxidation System in a Fixed-Bed Reactor
- Implementation of Homotopy Perturbation Method to Solve a Population Balance Model in Fluidized Bed
- Experimental Research on Utilization of Steel Rolling Sludge in Sintering Process
- Application of Honey-Bee Mating Optimization to Naphtha Reforming Reactor
- Modeling and Simulation of a Fischer–Tropsch Slurry Bubble Column Reactor Using Different Kinetic Rate Expressions for Iron and Cobalt Catalysts
- Solids Suspension Study in a Side-Entering Stirred Tank Through CFD Modeling
- Triphase Catalysis Using Silica Gel as Support
- Enhanced Trichloroethylene CatalyticOxidation on Modified Lanthanum Manganite ano-Perovskites
- A Novel Reactor for Microwave Hydrothermal Scale-up Nanopowder Synthesis
- Production of Amino and Organic Acids from Protein Using Sub-Critical Water Technology
- Purification of Crude Glycerine Obtained from Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil
- Predicting the Liquid Film Thickness and Droplet–Gas Flow in Effervescent Atomization: Influence of Operating Conditions and Fluid Viscosity
- Zinc-Modified MCM-22 as Potential Solid acid Catalyst for Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction
- Dynamic Characteristics and Speed Control Strategy of Cellulose Hydrolysis Reactor at High Solids Loading
- Kinetic Study of Light Mercaptans in the Presence of Merox Catalyst and Caustic Soda
- Applications of Feed-Forward Neural Network to Study Irregular-Shape Particle Effects on Hydrodynamics Behavior in a Liquid–Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser
- Experimental Investigation on the Translational and Rotational Motion of Biomass Particle in a Spout-Fluid Bed
- Industrial Methanol from Syngas: Kinetic Study and Process Simulation
- Study of Co-pyrolysis Characteristics of Lignite and Rice Husk in a TGA and a Fixed-Bed Reactor
- Exergy Analysis of Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Producton: Modeling Study
- Lead (II) Pollution Enhances the Binding of Transgenic Toxin in Brown and Red Soils: Equilibrium and Kinetics
- Influence of a Second Liquid Phase upon Carbon Dioxide Chemical Absorption
- Brackish Water Desalination by Electrodialysis: CaCO3 Scaling Monitoring During Batch Recirculation Operation
- The Effect of TiO2 Contained within a Titanium Silicalite (TS-1) Catalyst and on the Selective Oxidation of Ammonia
- Understanding Pt–Rh Synergy in a Three-Way Catalytic Converter
- Mathematical Modelling of Microwave Pyrolysis
- Photocatalytic Purification of Wastewater Polluted by Odorant Sulfur Compounds Using Titanium Oxide in a Continuous Photoreactor
- Adsorption Kinetics of Oxytetracycline onto Activated Carbon in a Closed-Loop Fixed Bed Reactor
- Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Chlorophenol Over a Ce0.86Cu0.14–xO2 Catalyst
- Chemical Reaction Effect upon Gas–Liquid Interfacial Area in a Bubble Column Reactor
- Comparative Studies on Nitrophenol Removal byAdsorption and Simultaneous Adsorption-Biodegradation Processes
- Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly-ε-Caprolactone: Kinetic Behavior and ReactorDesign
Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Efficient Synthesis of 1-Acetylpyrene Using [Bmim]Cl–FeCl3 Ionic Liquid as Dual Catalyst and Solvent
- Ethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production in Microchannel Reactors: Experimental Design and Optimization
- Modeling NOx Adsorption onto Fe/ZSM-5 Catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor
- Multistep Optimization and Residue Disposal Study for Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrode
- Effect of Vibrating Sparger on Mass Transfer, Gas Holdup, and Bubble Size in a Bubble Column Reactor
- Production of Silicon from SiH4 in a Fluidized Bed, Operation and Results
- Reforming of Glycerol into Bio-Crude: A Parametric Study
- Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Characteristics in a Large-Scale Slurry Bubble Column Reactor for Gas Mixtures in Actual Fischer–Tropsch Cuts
- Optimization of l-Asparaginase Production by Isolated Aspergillus niger C4 from Sesame (black) Oil Cake under SSF using Box–Behnken Design in Column Bioreactor
- Simplified Kinetic Model for Thermal Combustion of Lean Methane–Air Mixtures in a Wide Range of Temperatures
- Identification and Optimization of Recombinant E. coli Fed-Batch Fermentation Producing γ-Interferon Protein
- A Comparison of Monomeric Phenols Produced from Lignin by Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Conversions
- Design and Optimization of a Fixed Bed Reactor for Direct Dimethyl Ether Production from Syngas Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
- Conversion Enhancement of Fixed-Bed Reactors Using Two-Dimensional Hollow Cylindrical Catalyst Pellet
- Bubble Columns with Internals: A Review
- A Historic Review on R&D of China’s FCC Riser Termination Device Technologies
- Recent Advances of Spout-Fluid Bed: A Review of Fundamentals and Applications
- Ethanol Catalytic Oxidation on Ordered Mesoporous CuO/KIT-6 Catalyst
- A Novel Kinetics Study on H2O2 Decomposition inthe Propylene Epoxidation System in a Fixed-Bed Reactor
- Implementation of Homotopy Perturbation Method to Solve a Population Balance Model in Fluidized Bed
- Experimental Research on Utilization of Steel Rolling Sludge in Sintering Process
- Application of Honey-Bee Mating Optimization to Naphtha Reforming Reactor
- Modeling and Simulation of a Fischer–Tropsch Slurry Bubble Column Reactor Using Different Kinetic Rate Expressions for Iron and Cobalt Catalysts
- Solids Suspension Study in a Side-Entering Stirred Tank Through CFD Modeling
- Triphase Catalysis Using Silica Gel as Support
- Enhanced Trichloroethylene CatalyticOxidation on Modified Lanthanum Manganite ano-Perovskites
- A Novel Reactor for Microwave Hydrothermal Scale-up Nanopowder Synthesis
- Production of Amino and Organic Acids from Protein Using Sub-Critical Water Technology
- Purification of Crude Glycerine Obtained from Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil
- Predicting the Liquid Film Thickness and Droplet–Gas Flow in Effervescent Atomization: Influence of Operating Conditions and Fluid Viscosity
- Zinc-Modified MCM-22 as Potential Solid acid Catalyst for Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction
- Dynamic Characteristics and Speed Control Strategy of Cellulose Hydrolysis Reactor at High Solids Loading
- Kinetic Study of Light Mercaptans in the Presence of Merox Catalyst and Caustic Soda
- Applications of Feed-Forward Neural Network to Study Irregular-Shape Particle Effects on Hydrodynamics Behavior in a Liquid–Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser
- Experimental Investigation on the Translational and Rotational Motion of Biomass Particle in a Spout-Fluid Bed
- Industrial Methanol from Syngas: Kinetic Study and Process Simulation
- Study of Co-pyrolysis Characteristics of Lignite and Rice Husk in a TGA and a Fixed-Bed Reactor
- Exergy Analysis of Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Producton: Modeling Study
- Lead (II) Pollution Enhances the Binding of Transgenic Toxin in Brown and Red Soils: Equilibrium and Kinetics
- Influence of a Second Liquid Phase upon Carbon Dioxide Chemical Absorption
- Brackish Water Desalination by Electrodialysis: CaCO3 Scaling Monitoring During Batch Recirculation Operation
- The Effect of TiO2 Contained within a Titanium Silicalite (TS-1) Catalyst and on the Selective Oxidation of Ammonia
- Understanding Pt–Rh Synergy in a Three-Way Catalytic Converter
- Mathematical Modelling of Microwave Pyrolysis
- Photocatalytic Purification of Wastewater Polluted by Odorant Sulfur Compounds Using Titanium Oxide in a Continuous Photoreactor
- Adsorption Kinetics of Oxytetracycline onto Activated Carbon in a Closed-Loop Fixed Bed Reactor
- Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Chlorophenol Over a Ce0.86Cu0.14–xO2 Catalyst
- Chemical Reaction Effect upon Gas–Liquid Interfacial Area in a Bubble Column Reactor
- Comparative Studies on Nitrophenol Removal byAdsorption and Simultaneous Adsorption-Biodegradation Processes
- Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly-ε-Caprolactone: Kinetic Behavior and ReactorDesign
