Abstract
Influenza viruses are small RNA viruses with a genome of about 13 kb. Because of this limited coding capacity, viral proteins have evolved to fulfil multiple functions in the infected cell. This implies that there must be mechanisms allowing to dynamically direct protein action to a distinct activity in a spatio-temporal manner. Furthermore, viruses exploit many cellular processes, which also have to be dynamically regulated during the viral replication cycle. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins are fundamental for the control of many cellular responses. There is accumulating evidence that this mechanism represents a so far underestimated level of regulation in influenza virus replication. Here, we focus on the current knowledge of dynamics of phospho-modifications in influenza virus replication and show recent examples of findings underlining the crucial role of phosphorylation in viral transport processes as well as activation and counteraction of the innate immune response.
Funding source: Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)
Award Identifier / Grant number: Bör2/030/21
Award Identifier / Grant number: Bru2/015/19
Award Identifier / Grant number: Lud2/013/21
Funding source: Innovative Medical Research (IMF)
Award Identifier / Grant number: BÖ-111811
Award Identifier / Grant number: BR111905
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: BR5189/3-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: BO5122/1-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: KFO 342 P06
Award Identifier / Grant number: Lu477/23-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: SFB1009 TPB02
Funding source: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Award Identifier / Grant number: Organo-Strat (01KX2021)
Award Identifier / Grant number: Co-IMMUNE (01KI20218)
Acknowledgements
This review is dedicated to the 90th birthday of Christoph Scholtissek, Giessen, Germany, who pioneered research on post-translational modification in influenza virus propagation.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grants KFO 342 P06 (to L.B. and S.L.), BR5189/3-1 (to L.B.), BO5122/1-1 (to Y.B.), Lu477/23-1 (to S.L.) and SFB1009 TPB02 (to Y.B. and S.L.). Further financial support was provided by the BMBF for the projects Organo-Strat (01KX2021) and Co-IMMUNE (01KI20218) (to L.B. and S.L.). We are grateful for funding from the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) granted to L.B. (Bru2/015/19), Y.B. (Bör2/030/21) and S.L. (Lud2/013/21) and the Innovative Medical Research (IMF) granted to L.B. (BR111905) and Y.B. (BÖ111811) of the Medical Faculty of the University Münster.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: Molecular Determinants of Health and Disease - 25th Anniversary of the InterdisciplinaryCenter Clinical Research Münster
- Molecular determinants of health and disease
- Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections
- Dynamic phospho-modification of viral proteins as a crucial regulatory layer of influenza A virus replication and innate immune responses
- Molecular mechanisms of vasculopathy and coagulopathy in COVID-19
- Astrocytic potassium and calcium channels as integrators of the inflammatory and ischemic CNS microenvironment
- Epitranscriptomic modifications in acute myeloid leukemia: m6A and 2′-O-methylation as targets for novel therapeutic strategies
- Molecular determinants of therapy response of venetoclax-based combinations in acute myeloid leukemia
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors as biomarkers of infection
- Controllers of cutaneous regulatory T cells: ultraviolet radiation and the skin microbiome
- The paracaspase MALT1 in psoriasis
- The cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) is a regulator of CD4+ T cell function
- Quantifying salt sensitivity
- Life sciences and mass spectrometry: some personal reflections
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: Molecular Determinants of Health and Disease - 25th Anniversary of the InterdisciplinaryCenter Clinical Research Münster
- Molecular determinants of health and disease
- Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections
- Dynamic phospho-modification of viral proteins as a crucial regulatory layer of influenza A virus replication and innate immune responses
- Molecular mechanisms of vasculopathy and coagulopathy in COVID-19
- Astrocytic potassium and calcium channels as integrators of the inflammatory and ischemic CNS microenvironment
- Epitranscriptomic modifications in acute myeloid leukemia: m6A and 2′-O-methylation as targets for novel therapeutic strategies
- Molecular determinants of therapy response of venetoclax-based combinations in acute myeloid leukemia
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors as biomarkers of infection
- Controllers of cutaneous regulatory T cells: ultraviolet radiation and the skin microbiome
- The paracaspase MALT1 in psoriasis
- The cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) is a regulator of CD4+ T cell function
- Quantifying salt sensitivity
- Life sciences and mass spectrometry: some personal reflections